2006 年考研英语真题 - 翻译题解析
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? [1]
翻译：难道美国的知识分子被嫌弃，在社会中不受重视吗？
1. it 是形式主语，代指后面的 that 从句。
2. American intellectual 美国知识分子。
3. rejected, considered 并列作谓语。
4. be rejected 被拒绝；被反对；被嫌弃。
5. be considered of no account 不被重视。
6. in his society, 介词短语作地点状语。
I am going to suggest that it is not true. [2]
翻译：我要说的是（实际上）并非如此。
1. that it is not true. 是 that 引导的从句，作 suggest 的宾语。
Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American. [3]
翻译：当 Bruckbergen 神父注意到是知识分子们自己抛弃了美国时，他揭露了部分真相。
1. part of 部分的；一部分。
2. part of the story 故事的一部分；部分真相。
3. when he observed (that...), 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。
4. that it is the intellectuals who have rejected American. 是 that 引导的从句，作 observed 的宾语。
5. it is+ 强调部分 +that/who 从句，是强调句型，宾语从句中 the intellectuals 是强调部分。
But they have done more than that. [4]
翻译：但是，他们做的不止这些。
1. more than 多于；超出；比… 多。
They have grown dissatisfied with the role of the intellectual. [5]
翻译：他们已经不满于知识分子的角色。
1. dissatisfy with 对… 不满意；使不满。
2. the role of … 的作用，… 的角色。
3. of the intellectual. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the role。
It is they, not American, who have become anti-intellectual. [6]
翻译：正是他们这些知识分子，而不是美国人，变得反知识分子。
1. it is+ 强调部分 +that(who) 从句，该句子的强调部分是 they。
2. not American, 插入语。
3. who have become anti-intellectual. 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 they。
4. anti-intellectual 反知识分子者（的）。
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. [7]
翻译：首先，我们研究的目标是寻求给出定义。
1. the object of … 的宾语；… 的目标；… 的目的。
2. of our study, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the object。
3. plead for 请求；为… 辩护；寻求。
What is an intellectual? [8]
翻译：什么是知识分子？
I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. [9]
翻译：我将其定义为这样一个人：对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为人生中的首要责任和快乐的人。
1. define...as 把… 定义为；给… 下的定义是。
2. as an individual, 介词短语作宾语补语。
3. who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic way about moral problems. 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 an individual。
4. elect as 选为；选… 为。
5. the activity of thinking (in...) about moral problems, 作 elect 的宾语。
6. in a Socratic way, 介词短语作方式状语。
7. think about 认真考虑。
8. moral problems. 道德问题；伦理问题。
9. as his primary duty and pleasure in life, 作宾语的补语（补语提前）。
10. in life, 介词短语作定语，修饰 primary duty and pleasure。
He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. [10]
翻译：他刻意、清晰、直率地探索了这个问题；首先提出实际问题，然后提出道德问题，最后根据他获得的实际和道德信息提出一些看似恰当的行为建议。
1. 该句子的主干为：He explores such problem...(first by...,then by..., finally by...)。
2. consciously, articulately, and frankly, 三个副词并列作方式状语。
3. 三个 by+doing 结构的介词短语，作方式状语。
4. factual question 实际问题。
5. moral question 道德问题。
6. which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information (which...), 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 action。
7. in the light of 根据，按照。
8. which he has obtained. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the factual and moral information。
His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision. [11]
翻译：他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用最可能清楚的方式来展现自己做出决定的推理过程。
1. analogous to 类推为；类同于。
2. that 代指 function。
3. who must accept the obligation (of...) 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 a judge。
4. of revealing...the course of reasoning (which...), 是介词短语作定语，修饰 obligation。
5. the course of reasoning 推理过程。
6. which led him to his decision. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the course of reasoning。
7. lead to 引导；导致；通向。
8. in as obvious a manner as possible, 介词短语作方式状语；包含两部分：in a manner 和 as obvious as possible。
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals--the average scientist, for one. [12]
翻译：这个定义排除了许多经常被称作知识分子的人，比如说普通的科学家。
1. (usually) referred to as intellectuals, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 many individuals。
2. refer to as 称为；把… 称作…。
3. --the average scientist, 破折号内容作 intellectuals 的同位语，对其举例说明。
4. for one 举个例说；作为其中一个。
I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. [13]
翻译：我之所以将他排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面而已。
1. because, (while...), he has not been charged with the task (of...). 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。
2. while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, 是 while 引导的让步状语从句。
3. contribute to 有助于；捐献；投稿。
4. of moral problems, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the solution。
5. moral problem 道德问题；伦理问题。
6. be charged with 承担，被控告；充满。
7. of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the task。
8. any 代指 any problems。
9. factual aspect 事实方面。
10. of those problems, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the factual aspects。
Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties--he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. [14]
翻译：和其他人一样，他在履行日常职责过程中会遇到道德问题——他绝不应该去伪造实验，捏造证据，或者篡改报告。
1. Like other human beings, 介词短语作主语 he 的补语。
2. human beings 人类。
3. moral issue 道德问题。
4. (even) in the everyday performance of his routine duties, 介词短语作时间状语。
5. of his routine duties, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the everyday performance。
6. everyday performance 日常表现。
7. routine duties 例行职责；日常工作。
8. 破折号内容对前面进行补充说明。
9. be supposed to do sth 应该做某事；被期望干某事（cook, manufacture, doctor 是三个并列的 do）。
But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. [15]
翻译：但是他的首要任务不是考虑支配自己行为的道德准则，就如同商人不能把精力专注于探索行业规范上一样。
1. not...any more than... 结构，表示 “… 和… 都不是”。
2. primary task 主任务；首要工作。
3. (not) to think about the moral code, 是 to do 不定式短语作表语。
4. think about 认真考虑。
5. moral code 道德准则。
6. which governs his activity, 是 which 引导定语从句，修饰 the moral code。
7. any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 是 any more than 引导的比较状语从句。
8. is expected to do sth 被期望做…；预计做…。
9. dedicate to 献身；致力于。
10. of rules of conduct in business. 介词短语作定语，修饰 an exploration。
11. rule of … 的规则；… 的规律。
12. rule of conduct 行为规则。
13. in business, 介词短语作定语，修饰 rules of conduct。
During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics. [16]
翻译：在其大部分清醒的生活中，他将认为他的道德准则是理所当然的，就像商人有自己的行为准则一样。
1. During most of his waking life, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. waking life 梦醒人生；醒着的生活；清醒生活。
3. take sth for granted 认为… 理所当然，想当然。
4. as the businessman takes his ethics. 是 as 引导的方式状语从句（后面省略了 for granted：takes his ethics for granted）。
The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. [17]
翻译：虽然传统意义的教书一直是许多知识分子谋生的手段，但这个定义也把大多数教师排除在外。
1. the majority of … 的大多数。
2. despite the fact (that...). 是 despite 引导的让步状语。
3. that teaching has traditionally been the method (whereby...), 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 the fact，对其解释说明。
4. whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 是 whereby(by which) 引导的定语从句，修饰 the method。
5. earn one's living 挣钱维持生计；营生；谋生。
They may teach very well, and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. [18]
翻译：他们可以教得很好，而且远不止挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对涉及道德评判的人的问题进行独立思考。
1. but 连接两个并列句。
2. may teach 和 earn 并列作第一个并列句的谓语部分。
3. more than 多于；超出；比… 多。
4. most of 大部分，大多数的；绝大多数。
5. make reflection on 对… 进行反思。
6. independent reflection 独立思考；独立反省。
7. human problem 人的问题；人类的问题。
8. which involve moral judgment. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 human problems。
9. moral judgment 道德判断；道德评判。
This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. [19]
翻译：这种描述甚至符合大多数的杰出学者。
1. the majority of … 的大多数。
2. eminent scholar 杰出学者。
Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing; living in "public and illustrious thoughts", as Emerson would say, is something else. [20]
翻译：在人类某一知识领域学有所成是一码事，生活在 Emerson 所说的 “公共的，卓越的思想中” 是另一件事。
1. 分号连接两个并列句。
2. Being learned/living, 是动名词（短语）作主语。
3. in some branch of human knowledge /in "public and illustrious thoughts", 介词短语作定语，修饰 Being learned /living。
4. of human knowledge, 介词短语作定语，修饰 some branch。
5. illustrious thought 杰出的思想；卓越的思想。
6. as Emersion would say, 作插入语。
标签：定语,his,真题,短语,从句,介词,2006,moral,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100462