2007 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 4 解析
It never rains but it pours. [1]
翻译：祸不单行。
1. It never rains but it pours. 基本含义是：不雨则已，一雨倾盆；主要指事情（尤其是坏事）, 不来则已，一来就接二连三地来（祸不单行）；也有含义是：不鸣则已，一鸣惊人。
Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them--especially in America--the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. [2]
翻译：正当老板和董事会最终清理其最严重的财务坏账和合规问题并改善公司无效管理的时候，一个威胁给他们带来那种令人讨厌的头条新闻的新问题——尤其是在美国——出现了：数据不安全，这种头条新闻必然导致企业高管饭碗不保。
1. (Just) as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, 是 as 引导的时间状语从句。
2. just as 正如；正当（的时候）。
3. have...sorted out 和 improved 并列作从句的谓语部分。
4. sort out 挑选出；分类；清理。
5. compliance troubles 合规问题。
6. corporation governance 企业治理；公司管理。
7. threaten to do sth 威胁要做某事；扬言要做某事。
8. earn sb sth. 使某人赢得某物；为某人带来某事。
9. --especially in America--, 破折号内容作地点状语。
10. the sort of 那种；那一类的。
11. nasty headline 令人讨厌的标题；令人讨厌的头条新闻。
12. that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 nasty headlines。
13. lead to 导致；通向。
14. heads rolling, 严厉的惩罚；解雇（引申于：head will roll 掉脑袋；严厉处分；解雇）。
15. in the executive suite, 介词短语作方面状语。
16. executive suite 管理阶层；行政 / 高级 / 商务套房。
17. data insecurity 作 a new problem 的同位语，意思是：数据不安全。
Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection is now high on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety. [3]
翻译：迄今为止，尽管信息保护工作一直让那些级别较低的临时信息技术职工来处理，并且仅仅被诸如银行业、电信业以及航空业等数据密集型行业关切，但现在信息保护则成为了各个行业老板的议事日程中优先考虑的事务。
1. until now 至今，直到现在，迄今为止。
2. Left to odd, low-level IT staff to put right 和 seen as a concern only of data-rich industries, 是两个过去分词分词短语作让步状语，information protection 是他们的逻辑主语，表被动关系。
3. odd 偶然出现的，偶尔发生的；在该句子中的意思是：临时的。
4. low-level 低水平的；低级别的。
5. IT staff 信息技术职工（IT：information technology）。
6. leave sb to do sth, 留下某人做某事；让某人做某事；to do 不定式短语 (to put right) 作 sb(odd, low-level IT staff) 的补语。
7. put right 使恢复正常；处理；校正；整理。
8. see as 看作为；视… 为…。
9. of data-rich industries, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a concern。
10. data rich industries 数据密集型行业。
11. such as banking, telecoms and air travel, 介词短语作定语，修饰 data-rich industries。
12. air travel 航空旅行；空中旅行。
13. information protection 信息保护；资讯保护。
14. on the boss's agenda, 介词短语作标语。
15. on agenda 提上议事日程。
16. in businesses of every variety. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the boss's agenda。
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year--from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley--have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities. [4]
翻译：今年，几起客户和员工数据的大规模泄露事件——来自像时代华纳、美国国防承包商科学应用国际公司以及加州大学伯克利分校等不同的机构——让管理人员们匆忙审查其复杂的信息技术系统和业务流程，以便查究潜在的漏洞。
1. 该句子的主干为：Several massive leakages...have left managers...peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes。
2. massive leakage 大规模泄露；大量泄漏。
3. of customer and employee data this year, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Several massive leakages。
4. customer data 客户数据。
5. employee data 员工数据。
6. this year, 作时间状语。
7. --from organizations...--, 破折号内容是插入语，作定语，修饰 customer and employee data。
8. as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley, 介词短语作定语，修饰 organizations。
9. as diverse as 包括，例如；和… 一样。
10. Time Warner 时代华纳公司（财富 500 强公司之一）。
11. defense contractor 国防承包商；防务合约。
12. Science Applications International Corp 科学应用国际公司。
13. the University of California, Berkeley 加州大学伯克利分校。
14. leave sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事。
15. peer into 凝视；往… 中仔细看；窥视。
16. IT system 信息技术系统（IT:information technology 信息技术）。
17. business process 业务流程；业务处理。
18. in search of potential vulnerabilities. 介词短语作目的状语。
19. in search of 寻找；搜寻；查究。
20. potential vulnerability 潜在脆弱性；潜在漏洞。
"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset,"says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school. [5]
翻译：斯坦福大学商学院的 Haim Mendelson 说：“数据正在成为一种资产，需要像保护其他资产一样来保护它们”。
1. 双引号内容是引语，作 says 的宾语。
2. which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 an asset。
3. as much as 差不多；尽… 那样多。
4. as much as any other asset, 是 as...as... 结构，第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是连词，作比较状语。
5. of Stanford University's business school. 介词短语作定语，修饰 Haim Mendelson。
6. Stanford University 斯坦福大学。
7. business school 商学院；商业学校。
"The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". [6]
翻译：“保护客户数据的能力是市场价值的关键因素，这是董事会代表股东的利益而应承担的责任”。
1. to guard customer data /to market value, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 The ability /the key。
2. customer data 客户数据。
3. market value 市场价值；市值。
4. which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders". 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的句子。
5. be responsible for 对… 负责；是… 的原因。
6. on behalf of shareholders, 介词短语作方面状语。
7. on behalf of 代表；为了。
Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. [7]
翻译：纽约哥伦比亚商学院的 Eli Noam 建议：事实上，正如存在一般公认会计原则 (GAAP) 的概念一样，现在或许是该成立一般公认安全惯例 (GASP) 的时候了。
1. suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. 主谓倒装，句子的其余部分作 suggested 的宾语。
2. of New York's Columbia Business School, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Eli Noam。
3. (just as) there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), 是 as 引导的方式状语从句。
4. just as 正如；正当的时候。
5. the concept of … 的概念。
6. of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), 介词短语作定语，修饰 the concept。
7. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 一般公认会计原则。
8. it is time for 是该干某事的时候了。
9. Generally Accepted Security Practices 一般公认安全惯例。
"Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says. [8]
翻译：他说：“在安全、冗余以及恢复方面设置适当的投资门槛是一个管理问题，不是技术问题。”
1. 双引号内容是引语，作 says 的宾语。
2. Setting the proper investment level (for...), 是动名词短语作从句主语。
3. investment level 投资水平；投资门槛；投资额。
4. for security, redundancy, and recovery, 介词短语作方面状语。
5. management issue 管理问题。
6. technical issue 技术问题（one 代指 issue）。
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. [9]
翻译：令人费解的是，这个问题竟会让老板们猝不及防。
1. that this should come as a surprise to any boss. 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。
2. as a surprise, 介词短语作方式状语。
3. to any boss. 介词短语作定语，修饰 a surprise。
Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore--and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. [10]
翻译：毫无疑问，就算是最不精明的主管也应清楚，诚信是最有价值的经济资产，它很容易遭受破坏，并且恢复起来代价巨大——很少有什么比让敏感的个人信息落入不法份子之手更能毁掉公司诚信的了。
1. 该句子的主干为：it should be obvious...that...--and that...。
2. it 是形式主语，代指后面的两个并列的 that 从句。
3. to the dimmest executive, 介词短语作方面状语。
4. dimmest executive 愚笨的执行者；不精明的领导层。
5. that trust...is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore, 是第一个 that 从句。
6. that most valuable of economic assets, 作主语 trust（第一个 that 从句）的同位语。
7. economic asset 经济资产。
8. that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company (letting...), 是第二个 that 从句。
9. be likely to do sth 可能会做某事。
10. than a company (letting...), 介词短语作比较状语。
11. letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands. 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 a company。
12. let sb do sth 让某人做某事。
13. personal data 个人资料；个人信息；个人数据。
14. get into 进入；陷入；习惯于。
15. get into the wrong hands 落到不妥当的人手里；落入不法份子之手。
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged--though not justified--by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. [11]
翻译：目前的情况可能被鼓励——尽管未证实——因为（在美国，不是欧洲）缺乏数据泄露的法律惩罚。
1. current state 现行状态；现状。
2. of affairs, 介词短语作定语，修饰 The current state。
3. --though not justified--, 破折号内容作让步状语。
4. by the lack of legal penalty, 介词短语作原因状语。
5. the lack of 缺乏；没有。
6. legal penalty 法律惩罚。
7. (in America, but not Europe), 括号内容作地点状语。
8. for data leakage. 介词短语作定语，修饰 legal penalty。
9. data leakage 数据泄露。
Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. [12]
翻译：直到加州最近通过了一项法律，美国的公司才不必告知任何人信息何时泄露的，甚至包括受害者。
1. Until California recently passed a law, 是 until 引导的时间状语从句。
2. pass a law 通过某项法令。
3. (even) the victim, 作 anyone 的同位语。
4. when data went astray. 是 when 引导的从句，作 tell 的宾语（直接宾语）。
5. go astray 走入歧途；走失。
That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington. D.C. [13]
翻译：这种情况可能会迅速改变：许多被提议的数据安全立法正在华盛顿特区广泛讨论。
1. 冒号连接两个并列句。
2. lots of 许多；大量。
3. data-security 数据安全。
4. doing the round 流传；传播；挨户遍访。
5. in Washington. D.C. 介词短语作地点状语。
Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security. [14]
翻译：同时，6 月 17 日揭露的有关美国约 4000 万信用卡账户信息被盗事件，给此前一天美国联邦贸易委员会的一个极其重要的决定蒙上了阴影；该决定向全美国的公司发出了警告：如果公司无法对数据安全提供充分的保护，监管机构将会采取行动。
1. 该句子的主干为：the theft...overshadowed a decision...。
2. of information /about some 40 million credit-card accounts /in America, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the theft /information /credit-card accounts。
3. credit-card 信用卡；记帐卡。
4. disclosed on June 17th, 过去分词作定语，修饰 the theft...。
5. on June 17th, 介词短语作时间状语。
6. a day earlier, 作时间状语。
7. by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC), 介词短语作定语，修饰 a hugely important decision。
8. Federal Trade Commission 联邦贸易委员会；联邦商务委员会。
9. that puts corporate America on notice (that...), 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 a hugely important decision。
10. put sb on notice 警告某人。
11. that regulators will act (if...), 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 notice。
12. if firms fail to provide adequate data security. 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。
13. fail to do sth. 没能做某事；做某事失败。
14. data security 数据安全。
标签：定语,真题,短语,状语,介词,从句,2007,data,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100473