2004 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 2 解析
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. [1]
翻译：在上个世纪中，各种不公和歧视都被宣判或被定为非法。
1. Over the past century, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. all kinds of 各种各样的。
3. unfairness and discrimination 不公平和歧视。
4. have been condemned 和 (省略 have been)made 并列作谓语。
But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. [2]
翻译：但是有一种隐匿的歧视形式仍然继续猖獗：字母编序主义。
1. insidious form 隐匿的形式。
2. continue to do sth 继续做某事。
3. alphabetism, 作 one insidious form 的同位语，对其解释说明。
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. [3]
翻译：对那些尚未意识到这种不利条件的人们而言，这指的是对那些姓氏首字母排在字母表后半部分的人的歧视。
1. for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, 介词短语作方面状语。
2. as yet 至今仍然。
3. unaware of such a disadvantage, 是形容词短语作定语，修饰 those。
4. unaware of 没觉察到，没有意识到；不知道。
5. refer to 参考；涉及；指的是；适用于。
6. against those (whose...), 是介词短语作定语，修饰 discrimination。
7. whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. 是 whose 引导的定语从句，修饰 those。
8. begin with 以… 开始；开始于…。
9. in the lower half of the alphabet. 介词短语作定语，修饰 a letter。
10. lower half of 下半部分。
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. [4]
翻译：众所周知，当顾客翻查他们的电话目录本时，相比一家名叫 Zodiac 的出租车公司，一家名叫 AAAA 的出租车公司具有相当大的优势。
1. it 是形式主语，代指后面的 that 从句。
2. It has been known that... 众所周知。
3. taxi firm 出租车公司。
4. called AAAA cars, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 a taxi firm。
5. have an advantage over 胜过，优于。
6. when customers thumb through their phone directories. 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。
7. thumb through 翻查，浏览；迅速翻阅。
8. phone directory 电话目录；电话簿。
Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. [5]
翻译：但是，人们还不太了解的是，名叫 Adam Abbott 的人在他的一生中比名叫 Zoe Zysman 的人占了多大优势。
1. 该句子是倒装句，宾语 Less well known 前置。
2. that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰主语 the advantage。
3. well known 众所周知的；出名的。
English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. [6]
翻译：英语的名字相当均匀地分布在字母表的前后两端。
1. fairly evenly 相当均匀，副词作程度状语。
2. between the halves of the alphabet. 介词短语作范围状语。
3. the half of … 的一半。
Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K. [7]
翻译：然而值得怀疑的是，很多上层人物的姓氏首字母都在 A 与 K 之间。
1. a large number of 大量的；很多。
2. top people 上层人物；热点人物。
3. begin with 以… 开始；开始于…。
4. between A and K. 介词短语作定语，修饰 letters。
Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. [8]
翻译：美国的总统和副总统的姓氏首字母分别是 B 和 C，George Bush 的前任有二十六位（包括他的父亲）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的前任却仅有十六位。
1. 分号连接两个并列句。
2. American president 美国总统。
3. vice-president 副总裁；副总统；副校长。
4. starting with B and C respectively, 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 surnames。
5. (including his father), 括号内容是介词短语作定语，修饰 George Bush's predecessors。
6. in the first half of the alphabet, 介词短语作定语，修饰 surnames。
7. the half of … 的一半。
8. against just 16 in the second half. 介词短语作比较状语。
Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). [9]
翻译：更让人惊讶的是，七国集团的政府首脑中有六个人的姓氏首字母在字母顺序上占有优势 (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi)。
1. Even more striking 更令人惊奇的是。
2. head of government 政府首脑。
3. of the G7 rich countries, 介词短语作定语，修饰 heads of government。
4. rich country 富国；发达国家。
5. (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). 括号内容作 heads of government 的同位语，对其解释说明。
The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. [10]
翻译：世界三大中央银行行长 (Greenspan, Duisenberg 和 Hayami) 的首字母也都位于字母表前列，尽管他们中的一个（Hayami）实际上使用的是日文名。
1. central banker 中央银行。
2. (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami), 括号内容作 three top central bankers 的同位语，对其举例说明。
3. be close to 接近于…；靠近。
4. the top of 在… 的顶部；在… 的巅峰。
5. even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. 是 even if 引导的让步状语从句。
6. Japanese character 日语文字。
As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). [11]
翻译：世界上最富有的五个人也是这样（Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）。
1. 该句子是 as 引导的倒装句，主语是 the world's five richest men。
2. as 是副词；类似于 so(so was I， 我也一样)。
3. (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). 括号内容作 the world's five richest men 的同位语，对其举例说明。
Can this merely be coincidence? [12]
翻译：这仅仅是巧合吗？
1. be coincidence 巧合。
One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. [13]
翻译：姓氏排在字母表后半部分的人在享受消遣时间时凭空想出一套理论，说这种糟糕的情况其实很早就开始了。
1. dreamt up in all the spare time (enjoyed...), 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 One theory。
2. dream up 设计；创造；虚构；凭空想出。
3. in all the spare time, 介词短语作时间状语。
4. spare time 消遣时间；业余时间。
5. enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the spare time。
6. the alphabetically disadvantaged, 在字母表上排名不利的人。
6. that the rot sets in early. 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。
At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. [14]
翻译：从开始（上）幼儿园的第一年，老师们就按字母顺序从前向后给学生安排座位，为的是更容易记住学生的名字。
1. At the start of the first year in infant school, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. the start of … 的开始。
3. in infant school, 介词短语作地点状语。
4. (alphabetically) from the front, 介词短语作方向状语。
5. to make it easier to remember their names. 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。
So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. [15]
翻译：于是，目光短浅的 Zysman 小学生就被安排在了后排，而麻木不仁的老师们在提出令人进步的问题时也很少点到他。
1. gets stuck 和 is asked 并列作句子的谓语。
2. short-sighted 目光短浅的；近视的。
3. get stuck in 陷入了…；加紧进行；全神贯注吃饭或工作。
4. back row 后排；后排的。
5. be asked 被问到。
6. the improving question 有助提高的问题。
7. posed by those insensitive teachers. 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the improving questions。
At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. [16]
翻译：当时，受字母表顺序不利（影响）的孩子还认为他们有一次幸运逃脱（老师的提问）。
1. At the time, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. the alphabetically disadvantaged 在字母表上排名不利的人。
3. they have had a lucky escape. 是省略引导词的从句，作 think 的宾语。
4. lucky escape 侥幸逃脱；幸运逃脱。
Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. [17]
翻译：然而，结果就是他们越来越欠缺资质，因为他们得到的个人关注较少，在公众面前说话时也缺乏自信。
1. because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. 是 because 引导的原因状语从句。
2. less individual attention 和 less confidence 并列作从句的宾语。
3. individual attention 个体关注；个别的关照。
4. as well as 也；和… 一样；不但… 而且。
5. in speaking publicly. 介词短语作定语，修饰 less confidence。
The humiliation continues. [18]
翻译：这种屈辱还在继续。
At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. [19]
翻译：在大学毕业典礼上，首字母为 ABC 的人首先自豪地受到了嘉奖，等轮到 Zysman 的时候，他们大多数实际上已经在打瞌睡了。
1. 分号连接两个并列句。
2. At university graduation ceremonies, 介词短语作地点状语。
3. university graduation ceremony 大学毕业典礼。
4. graduation ceremony 毕业典礼。
5. get award 获奖；得奖。
6. by the time they reach the Zysmans, 是 by the time 引导的时间状语从句。
7. have a ZZZ, 打瞌睡；睡一觉（have a sleep）。
Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them. [20]
翻译：求职面试、选举投票、会议发言或参加会议等诸多名单，都是按字母表顺序排列的，而当接受者费力地翻看这些东西的时候，到后面就失去兴趣了。
1. and 连接两个并列句。
2. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees, 是三个并列的名词性短语，作第一个并列句的主语。
3. for job interviews, 介词短语作定语，修饰 for job interviews。
4. job interview 求职面试。
5. election ballot papers 选票。
6. list of … 的清单。
7. all 作主语的同位语。
8. tend to do sth. 倾向于；往往会。
9. draw up 草拟，起草；停住；使靠近。
10. lose interest 失去兴趣。
11. as they plough through them. 是 as 引导的时间状语从句。
12. plough through 费力阅读；费力进行。
标签：定语,真题,短语,状语,介词,从句,2004,修饰,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100429