2002 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 2 解析
Since the dawn of human ingenuity, people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. [1]
翻译：自从人类智慧出现以来，人们设计出了越来越精巧的工具来处理那些危险、单调、繁重或者极为肮脏的工作。
1. Since the dawn of human ingenuity, 是介词短语作时间状语。
2. the dawn of, ... 的到来；... 的黎明；... 的开端。
3. human ingenuity 人类的聪明才智；人类的创新性。
4. cunning tools 精巧的工具。
5. to cope with work (that...). 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。
6. cope with 处理，应付。
7. that is dangerous, boring, burdensome, or just plain nasty. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 work。
8. plain nasty 非常恶心的；非常肮脏的。
That compulsion has resulted in robotics--the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. [2]
翻译：这种强迫性行为导致了机器人学的产生——一门将人类的能力赋予机器的科学。
1. result in 导致，结果是。
2. --the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines. 破折号内容作 robotics 的同位语，对其解释说明。
3. of conferring various human capabilities /on machines, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the science /human capabilities。
4. human capability 人类能力。
And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, they have begun to come close. [3]
翻译：即使科学家们还没有创造出科幻小说所描述的（那种）机械装置，他们也已经很接近（这个目标）了。
1. if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction, 是 if 引导的让步状语从句。
2. have yet to do sth 尚未做某事。
3. of science fiction, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the mechanical version。
4. science fiction 科幻小说。
5. come close 接近；靠近；关闭。
As a result, the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. [4]
翻译：结果，现代世界已经逐渐充满了智能装置，虽然我们几乎都注意不到它们，但他们的普遍存在却解放了很多的人类劳动。
1. As a result 因此；结果是。
2. be populated by 聚居着…；栖息着…；充满了…。
3. intelligent gizmos 智能装置。
4. whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor. 是 but 连接的两个并列的 whose 引导的定语从句，修饰 intelligent gizmos。
5. universal existence 普遍存在。
6. human labor 人类劳动；人类的工作。
Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. [5]
翻译：我们的工厂随着机器人组装臂的节奏嗡嗡运作。
1. to the rhythm of robot assembly arms. 介词短语作伴随状语。
2. of robot assembly arms, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the rhythm。
3. robot arm 机械手臂；机器手。
Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction. [6]
翻译：银行自动柜员终端机为我们办理银行业务，并用机械的礼貌方式感谢我们的交易。
1. at automated teller terminals (that...), 介词短语作地点状语。
2. automated teller terminals 自动柜员终端（ATM：automatic teller machine）。
3. that thank us (with...). 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 automated teller terminals。
4. with mechanical politeness for the transaction. 是介词短语作方式状语。
Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robo-drivers. [7]
翻译：我们的地铁由不知疲倦的机器人司机驾驶。
1. subway train 地铁。
2. be controlled by 由… 控制；由… 支配。
3. robo-driver 驾驶机器人；机器人司机。
4. robo-, 前缀，意思是：机器人，机器人的。
And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy--far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. [8]
翻译：由于电子产品和微型机械设备继续微型化，现在，已有机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部手术和骨科手术——这要比技艺精湛的医生仅仅用手达到的准确度要精确得多。
1. thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics, 是 thanks to 引导的原因状语。
2. thanks to 由于，幸亏。
3. of electronics and micro-mechanics, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the continual miniaturization。
4. micro-mechanic, 微型机械设备。
5. robot system 机器人系统；自动控制系统。
6. that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery (with...), 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 robot systems。
7. with submillimeter accuracy, 介词短语作程度状语。
8. --far greater precision (than...). 破折号后的内容，作 submillimeter accuracy 的补语，对其进一步解释说明。
9. than highly skilled physicians can achieve (...). 是 than 引导的定语从句，修饰 precision。
10. with their hands alone. 介词短语作方式状语。
But if robots are to reach the next stage of labor-saving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves--goals that pose a real challenge. [9]
翻译：但是，如果要让机器人更进一个阶段，帮人类省力，就得让它们在人类指导减少的情况下自我动作，并至少能独立进行一些决策——这个目标给我们提出了一个真正的挑战。
1. if robots are to reach the next stage of labor-saving utility, 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。
2. the stage of … 的阶段；… 的舞台。
3. of labor-saving utility, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the next stage。
4. labor-saving 节省劳力的；减轻劳动的。
5. will have...and be able... 是主语的并列谓语。
6. with less human supervision, 介词短语作方式状语。
7. human supervision 人类的监督；人类的指导。
8. be able to do sth. 有能力做某事；能做某事。
9. make decision 作决定；下决心。
10. make a decision for oneself 自主判断；自己做决定。
11. --goals that pose a real challenge. 破折号后内容作主句的同位语，对其解释说明。
12. that pose a real challenge. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 goals。
13. pose a challenge 提出挑战。
"While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error," says Dave Lavery, manager of a robotics program at NASA, "we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world." [10]
翻译：“虽然我们知道如何让机器人去处理一个特定的错误，”NASA 的一个机器人项目经理 Dave Lavery 说，“我们仍然不能给予机器人足够的‘常识’，使它们能够与动态世界进行可靠的交流。”
1. 双引号内容是引语，作 says 的宾语。
2. manager of a robotics program at NASA, 作 Dave Lavery 的同位语，对其解释说明。
3. of a robotics program, 介词短语作定语，修饰 manager。
4. at NASA, 介词短语作地点状语。
5. NASA, 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局（National Aeronautics and Space Administration）。
6. While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, 是 while 引导的让步状语从句。
7. how to tell a robot to handle a specific error, 是 how 引导的从句，作 know 的宾语。
8. common sense 常识。
9. to reliably interact with a dynamic world." 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。
10. interact with 与… 相互作用；相互沟通。
11. dynamic world 动态环境；动态的世界。
Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results. [11]
翻译：实际上对于真正人工智能的追求已经产生了复杂的结果。
1. the quest for 寻求…；对… 的需求。
2. for true artificial intelligence, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the quest。
3. artificial intelligence 人工智能。
4. mixed result 复杂的结果；混合效果。
Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries. [12]
翻译：虽然在 20 世纪的 60 年代和 70 年代，人们起初着实乐观了一阵，那时候晶体管电路和微处理器似乎能在 2010 年模仿人类大脑的活动，但是最近研究人员已经开始将这个预测延后不是一个世纪也得数十年。
1. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s (when...), 介词短语作让步状语。
2. a spell of 一段时间；一阵。
3. in the 1960s and 1970s, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a spell of initial optimism。
4. when it appeared (that...), 是 when 引导的定语从句，修饰 the 1960s and 1970s。
5. that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010, 是 that 引导的从句，作 appeared 的宾语。
6. transistor circuit 晶体管电路。
7. be able to do sth. 有能力做某事；能做某事。
8. the action of … 的作用；… 的行为。
9. of the human brain, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the action。
10. by the year 2010, 介词短语作时间状语。
11. by decades if not centuries. 介词短语作时间状语。
What they found, in attempting to model thought, is that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented--and human perception far more complicated--than previously imagined. [13]
翻译：在试图建造思维模型的过程中，研究人员发现，人类大脑中大约 1000 亿个神经细胞的 “功能 “要比人们以前想象的强很多——人类的感知力与观察力也更加复杂。
1. What they found, 是 what 引导的从句，作主语。
2. in attempting to model thought, 介词短语作目的状语。
3. attempt to do sth. 试图去做某事。
4. that the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented...than previously imagined. 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。
5. nerve cell 神经细胞。
6. more than 多于；超出；比… 多。
7. --and human perception （省略 is）far more complicated--, 破折号内容作 the human brain's roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented 的并列成分，省略了表语 is。
8. than previously imagined. 是 than 引导的比较状语；略 “主语 +be 动词”。
They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. [14]
翻译：他们建造的机器人在被控制的工厂的环境中，能够识别机器的仪表盘毫米以下的误差。
1. that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 robots。
2. of a machine panel, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the error。
3. by a fraction of a millimeter, 介词短语作程度状语。
4. a fraction of 一小部分；一部分；零点几。
5. in a controlled factory environment. 介词短语作条件状语。
6. factory environment 工厂环境。
But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. [15]
翻译：但是人的头脑能够扫过一个快速变化的场景，并且立即舍弃 98％无关的物体，马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子，或者一大群人中一张可疑的脸。
1. 该句子的主干为：the human mind can glimpse...and disregard..., focusing on ...。
2. human mind 人的大脑；人心。
3. a rapidly changing scene 迅速变化的场景；瞬息万变的景象。
4. that is irrelevant, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the 98 percent。
5. (instantaneously) focusing on the monkey (...) or the single suspicious face (...). 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。
6. focus on 集中于。
7. at the side of a winding forest road /in a big crowd, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 the monkey /the single suspicious face。
8. at the side of 与… 相比；在… 旁边；在… 的边上。
9. winding forest 蜿蜒林带。
10. forest road 林道；森林道路。
11. a big crowd 一大群人；人山人海。
The most advanced computer systems on Earth can't approach that kind of ability, and neuroscientists still don't know quite how we do it. [16]
翻译：地球上最先进的计算机系统也无法接近这种能力，并且，实际上，神经学科学家仍然不知道我们是如何做到这一点的。
1. and 连接两个并列句。
2. advanced computer systems 高级计算机系统。
3. on Earth, 介词短语作定语，修饰 The most advanced computer systems。
4. that kind of 那样的；那种。
5. how we do it. 是 how 引导的从句，作 know 的宾语。
标签：定语,真题,短语,状语,介词,从句,2002,human,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100391