2002 年考研英语真题 - 翻译题解析

2002 年考研英语真题 - 翻译题解析

Almost all our major problems involve human behavior, and they cannot be solved by physical and biological technology alone. [1]             

翻译：几乎我们所有主要问题都涉及到人类行为，而这些问题仅靠物理和生物技术手段是无法解决的。

1. and 连接两个并列句。

2. major problem 主要问题。

3. human behavior 人类行为；人的行为。

4. be solved 得到解决。

5. by physical and biological technology alone. 介词短语作方式状语。

6. physical technology 物理技术。

7. biological technology 生物技术。

What is needed is a technology of behavior, but we have been slow to develop the science from which such a technology might be drawn. [2]       

翻译：我们所需的是一种行为技术；但是，我们在发展一门可以提炼这种技术的科学方面，却一直进展很缓慢。

1. but 连接两个并列句。

2. What is needed, 是 what 引导的从句，作第一个并列句的主语。

3. 第二个并列句是 be adj to do sth 结构。

4. from which such a technology might be drawn. 是 from+which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the science。

5. draw from 从… 中得到；从… 提取；此处使用被动形式。

One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on. [3]

翻译：难题之一在于所谓的行为科学几乎全部都依旧从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等等方面去找行为的根源。

1. that almost all of (what...) continues to trace..., 是 that 引导的从句，作表语。

2. what is called behavioral science, 是 what 引导的从句，作 almost all of 的宾语；两者一起作 that 从句的主语。

3. behavioral science 行为科学。

4. trace to 上溯；追查到。

5. states of mind 心态；意识状态。

6. traits of character 性格特征。

7. human nature 人性；人类本性。

8. and so on. 等等；诸如此类。

Physics and biology once followed similar practices and advanced only when they discarded them. [4]

翻译：物理学和生物学曾经沿用类似的方法，只有当它们抛弃这些方法后才得到发展。

1. and（第二个 and）连接两个并列的谓语：followed...and advanced。

2. only when they discarded them. 是 only when 引导的条件状语从句。

The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. [5]    

翻译：行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察得到的，部分原因是其他的解释一直很难找到。

1. behavioral science 行为科学。

2. been slow to change..., 是 be adj to do 结构。

3. partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed / partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find., 是 because 引导的两个并列的原因状语从句。

4. explanatory items 解释的依据。

5. seem to do sth 似乎要做某事。

6. be observed 观察；留心。

7. been hard to find, 是 be adj to do 结构。

The environment is obviously important, but its role has remained obscure. [6]    

翻译：环境很重要，但其角色仍然模糊不清。

1. but 连接两个并列句。

It does not push or pull, it selects, and this function is difficult to discover and analyze. [7]    

翻译：环境并不具备推动或拉动的作用；它具有选择的作用，而这一作用很难发现也很难对其进行分析。

1. 两个逗号（一个 and）连接三个并列句。

2. is difficult to discover and analyze. 是 be adj to do 结构。

The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. [8]  

翻译：自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才被阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用才刚刚开始被认可和研究。

1. and 连接两个并列句。

2. the role of … 的作用，… 的角色。

3. of natural selection, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the role。

4. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说。

5. in evolution, 介词短语作定语，修饰 The role of natural selection。

6. only a little more than a hundred years ago, 作时间状语。

7. more than 多于；超出；比… 多。

8. of the environment, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the selective role。

9. in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the selective role of the environment。

10. begin to do sth. 开始做某事。

11. be recognized 得到肯定；被认出；被认可。

As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available. [9]

翻译：随着人们逐渐了解有机体与环境之间的相互作用，曾经被认为是心态、情感和性格特征所造成的影响逐渐开始从便利的环境中被溯源，因此行为技术才可能应运而生。

1. As the interaction between organism and environment has come to be understood, 是 as 引导的时间状语从句。

2. between organism and environment, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the interaction。

3. 主句是 and 连接的两个并列句。

4. (once) assigned to states of mind, feelings, and traits, 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 effects。

5. assign to 指定到；分配给。

6. state of … 的状态。

7. be traced to 追溯到…。

8. of behavior, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a technology。

It will not solve our problems, however, until it replaces traditional prescientific views, and these are strongly entrenched. [10]     

翻译：但是，如果它（行为技术）代替不了传统的科学发展以前的观点，那它将无法解决我们的难题，而这些传统的观点是根深蒂固的。

1. until 和 and 连接三个并列句。

2. solve problem 解决问题。

3. traditional view 传统的观点，传统观念。

Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty. [11]

翻译：自由和尊严阐明了这个难题。

They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. [12]  

翻译：他们（自由和尊严）是传统理论定义的自主（自我管理的）人所拥有的；他们是要求一个人对自己的行为负责并因其成就而获得肯定的必要前提。

1. of the autonomous (self-governing) man /of traditional theory, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the possessions/ autonomous (self-governing) man。

2. self-governing 自治的；自我管理的。

3. traditional theory 传统理论。

4. be essential to 对… 必不可少的；对… 必要的。

5. in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements. 是 in+which 引导的定语从句，修饰 practices。

6. hold responsible for 为… 承担责任。

7. give credit for 把… 归功于；认为有。

A scientific analysis shifts both the responsibility and the achievement to the environment. [13]

翻译：科学分析将责任和成就转向了环境。

1. scientific analysis 科学分析。

2. shift to 转入；转向。

It also raises questions concerning "values". [14]  

翻译：同时，它也提出了价值观的问题。

1. raise question, 提出问题。

2. concerning "values", 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 questions。

Who will use a technology and to what ends? [15]

翻译：谁将使用一项技术，目的是什么？

1. to what ends, 是介词短语作目的状语，其与 and 之间有省略：use technology to what ends。

Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. [16]

翻译：如果这些问题得不到解决，行为技术将会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方法可能也随之继续受到排斥。

1. until 连接两个并列句。

2. be resolved 被解决。

3. of behavior, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a technology。

4. continue to do sth 继续做某事。

5. be rejected 被拒绝；被反对。

6. (and) with it possibly the only way to solve our problems, 是介词短语作伴随状语，it 代指 a technology of behavior；完整表达为：the only way to solve our problems will possibly continue to be rejected with it。

7. to solve our problems, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 the only way。

8. solve problem 解决问题。