2003 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 4 解析
It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. [1]
翻译：据说，在英国，死亡是迫在眉睫的；在加拿大，死亡是不可避免的；而在加利福尼亚，死亡是可以选择的。
1. It is said that 据说。
2. it 是形式主语，代指后面的 that 从句。
3. that 从句有省略：in England death is pressing, in Canada (death is) inevitable and in California (death is) optional。
4. in England/ in Canada/ in California, 介词短语作地点状语。
Small wonder. [2]
翻译：不足为奇。
1. Small wonder 不足为奇；不值得惊奇。
Americans' life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. [3]
翻译：在过去的一个世纪中，美国人的平均寿命几乎翻了一番。
1. life expectancy 预期寿命；平均寿命。
2. over the past century. 是介词短语作时间状语。
Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. [4]
翻译：髋骨坏了可以更换，临床忧郁症得到了控制，外科手术仅用 30 分钟便可以将白内障切除。
1. 该句子是三个并列句，后面两个句子省略了 can be。
2. failing hips 坏死的髋骨；出问题的髋骨。
3. be replaced 被替换。
4. clinical depression 临床忧郁症。
5. in a 30-minute surgical procedure. 是介词短语作时间和方面状语。
6. surgical procedure 外科手术治疗。
Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. [5]
翻译：这些进步给老年人带来了高质量的生活，这在 50 年前我刚进入医学行业时是难以想象的。
1. aging population 老年人口；老化人口。
2. that was unimaginable (when...), 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 a quality of life。
3. when I entered medicine 50 years ago. 是 when 引导的时间状语从句。
But not even a great health-care system can cure death--and our failure to confront that reality now threatens this greatness of ours. [6]
翻译：然而，即使再先进的医疗卫生体系也无法战胜死亡，而我们无法面对那种现实正危及着我们医疗体系的伟大。
1. and 连接两个并列句。
2. not even 甚至不；甚至没有。
3. health-care 卫生保健。
4. health-care system 保健系统；医疗制度。
5. to confront that reality, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 our failure。
6. confront the reality 面对现实。
7. of ours. 是介词短语作定语，修饰 this greatness(great health-care system)。
Death is normal; we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish, even under ideal conditions. [7]
翻译：死亡是正常现象；我们的基因决定我们即使在最理想的条件下也会解体和灭亡。
1. 分号连接两个并列句。
2. be programmed to 按计划做…；按程序做…。
3. (even) under ideal conditions. 介词短语作条件状语。
4. ideal condition 理想条件。
We all understand that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. [8]
翻译：我们所有人在某种程度上都明白这一点，但是作为医疗消费者，我们常常将死亡视为一个待解决的问题。
1. that at some level, yet as medical consumers we treat death as a problem to be solved. 是 that 引导的从句，作 understand 的宾语。
2. at some level, 是介词短语作程度状语；意思是：在某种程度上。
3. as medical consumers, 是介词短语，作从句主语 we 的补语。
4. treat as 对待；把… 看作…。
5. as a problem, 是介词短语，作从句宾语 death 的补语。
6. to be solved. 是 to do 不定式作定语，修饰 a problem。
Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless. [9]
翻译：由于我们受到第三方支付的保护而免交医疗费用，我们需要所有能给予的帮助，哪怕是没有成效的。
1. Shielded (by third-party payers) from the cost of our care, 是过去分词短语作原因状语。
2. shielded by 受… 庇护。
3. third-party 第三方，第三方的。
4. third-party payer 第三方支付；第三方付款人。
5. shield from 庇护使免遭。
6. the cost of 以… 为代价。
7. that can possibly be done for us, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 everything。
8. even if it's useless. 是 even if 引导的定语从句。
The most obvious example is late-stage cancer care. [10]
翻译：最明显的例子是治疗晚期癌症。
1. late-stage 末期；后期；晚期。
2. cancer care 癌症护理。
Physicians--frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient--too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified. [11]
翻译：医生们一方面为他们无法治疗疾病而感到沮丧，另一方面又担心病人失去希望，因此，他们常常采用极端大胆的治疗方法，这些方法远远超出了科学上的合理范围。
1. --frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient--, 破折号内容 and 连接的过去分词短语和现在分词短语，作定语，修饰 Physicians。
2. frustrated by 被… 挫败；因… 而灰心丧气；因… 而沮丧。
3. to cure the disease, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 their inability。
4. cure the disease 医病；治疗疾病。
5. loss of hope 失去希望。
6. in the patient, 是介词短语作定语，修饰 hope。
7. too often 太频繁。
8. aggressive treatment 积极的诊疗模式；大胆的治疗手法。
9. (far) beyond (what...), 是介词短语作定语，修饰 aggressive treatment。
10. far beyond 远远超出。
11. what is scientifically justified. 是 what 引导的从句，作 far beyond 的宾语。
In 1950, the US spent $12.7 billion on health care. [12]
翻译：1950 年，美国在卫生保健方面花费了 127 亿美元。
1. In 1950, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. spend on 在… 方面花费。
3. health care 卫生保健。
In 2002, the cost will be $1540 billion. [13]
翻译：在 2002 年，这个花费将会达到 1.54 万亿美元。
1. In 2002, 介词短语作时间状语。
Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable. [14]
翻译：任何人都明白这种趋势不可以持续下去。
1. this trend is unsustainable. 是省略引导词的从句，作 see 的宾语。
Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it. [15]
翻译：但是似乎很少有人愿意去尝试扭转这种趋势。
1. seem to do sth 看起来好像；似乎做某事。
2. willing to 乐意。
3. try to do sth 尽量去做某事；尝试去做某事。
Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age--say 83 or so. [16]
翻译：一些学者指出，对于超过一定年龄的人，比如 83 岁左右，资源有限的政府就应该停止为他们支付医疗费了。
1. that a government...should simply stop paying for medical care (that...), 是 that 引导的从句，作 conclude 的宾语。
2. with finite resources, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a government。
3. finite resource 有限资源。
4. stop doing sth 停止做某事。
5. pay for 赔偿；为… 而付钱；为… 付出代价。
6. medical care 医疗护理。
7. that sustains life beyond a certain age--say 83 or so. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 medical care。
8. beyond a certain age, 介词短语作定语，修饰 life。
9. --say 83 or so. 破折号内容作 a certain age 的同位语，对其解释说明。
Former Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted as saying that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. [17]
翻译：引用一句科罗拉多州前州长 Richard Lamm 曾经说的话，老弱病残群体应该自觉地死亡并让出位置，以便让更年轻、更健康的人们能够发挥潜能。
1. be quoted as 被引述为。
2. that the old and infirm "have a duty to die and get out of the way", (so that...). 是 that 引导的从句，作 saying 的宾语。
3. the old and infirm 老弱病残。
4. to die and get out of the way, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 a duty。
5. get out of the way 让开；避开；解决。
6. so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential. 是 so that 引导的目的状语从句。
I would not go that far. [18]
翻译：我不会那么偏激。
1. go that far 做得过火。
Energetic people now routinely work through their 60s and beyond, and remain dazzlingly productive. [19]
翻译：现在精力充沛的人通常能工作到 60 岁，甚至更久，并且仍然保持着令人赞叹的工作效率。
1. Energetic people 精力充沛的人。
2. work 和 remain 并列作谓语。
3. through their 60s and beyond, 介词短语作时间状语。
At 78, Viacom chairman Sumner Redstone jokingly claims to be 53. [20]
翻译：维亚康姆公司总裁 Sumner Redstone 78 岁时开玩笑自称他只有 53 岁。
1. At 78, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. claim to be 自称；号称。
Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor is in her 70s, and former surgeon general C.Everett Koop chairs an Internet start-up in his 80s. [21]
翻译：最高法院法官 Sandra Day O’Connor 现在已 70 有余，前卫生局局长 C. Everett Koop 在 80 多岁时还出任了一个互联网初创公司的主席。
1. Supreme Court Justice 最高法院法官。
2. in her 70s, 介词短语作表语。
3. surgeon general 卫生局局长；军医处处长；公共卫生署署长。
4. start-up 启动；初创企业。
5. Internet start-up 互联网初创公司。
6. in his 80s. 介词短语作时间状语。
These leaders are living proof that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. [22]
翻译：这些领导就是活生生的证据，预防工作是起作用的，也证明了我们能够管理随着自然衰老所引起的健康问题。
1. living proof 生动的证明；活生生的例子。
2. that prevention works and that we can manage the health problems that come naturally with age. 是两个并列的 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 living proof。
3. health problem 健康问题。
4. that come naturally with age. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the health problems。
5. come naturally with age 随年龄自然而来。
As a mere 68-year-old, I wish to age as productively as they have. [23]
翻译：作为一名 “年仅”68 岁的人，我希望在老年阶段能像他们一样保持多产。
1. As a mere 68-year-old, 是介词短语作主语 I 的补语。
2. wish to do sth 希望做某事；愿望做某事。
3. as productively as they have. 是 as...as 结构，第一个 as 是程度副词，第二个 as 引导比较状语从句。
Yet there are limits to what a society can spend in this pursuit. [24]
翻译：然而在这样的追求下，一个社会能够承担的费用是有限的。
1. to (what...), 是介词短语作定语，修饰 limits。
2. what a society can spend in this pursuit. 是 what 引导的从句，作 to 的宾语。
3. in this pursuit. 介词短语作方面状语。
As a physician, I know the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. [25]
翻译：作为一名医生，我（深）知最昂贵和最激进的治疗手段也可能是无效的和痛苦的。
1. As a physician, 是介词短语作主语 I 的补语。
2. the most costly and dramatic measures may be ineffective and painful. 是省略引导词的从句，作 know 的宾语。
3. the most costly and dramatic, 是形容词短语作定语，修饰 measures。
4. ineffective and painful, 是形容词短语作表语。
I also know that people in Japan and Sweden, countries that spend far less on medical care, have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. [26]
翻译：我也（深）知在医疗护理花费少得多的国家，日本和瑞典，人们的寿命不仅比我们长，而且还更健康。
1. that people...have achieved longer, healthier lives than we have. 是 that 引导的从句，作 know 的宾语。
2. in Japan and Sweden, 介词短语作定语，修饰 people。
3. countries (that...), 作 Japan and Sweden 的同位语，对其解释说明。
4. that spend far less on medical care, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 countries。
5. spend on 在… 方面花费。
6. far less 远不及；大大小于，少得多。
7. medical care 医疗护理。
8. than we have. 是 than 引导的比较状语从句，句中有省略：than we have achieved lives。
As a nation, we may be overfunding the quest for unlikely cures while underfunding research on humbler therapies that could improve people's Lives. [27]
翻译：作为一个国家，我们可能在寻求无法奏效的治疗方法上花费太多，而在研究能提高人们生活质量的简单疗法上投入太少。
1. As a nation, 是介词短语作主语 we 的补语。
2. for unlikely cures, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the quest。
3. unlikely cure 不可能的治疗；不可能治愈。
4. on humbler therapies (that...), 介词短语作定语，修饰 research。
5. humble therapy 简单疗法；简朴的治疗方法。
6. that could improve people's lives. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 humbler therapies。
标签：定语,真题,短语,从句,介词,2003,修饰,care,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100416