2003 年考研英语真题 - 翻译题解析
Human beings in all times and places think about their world and wonder at their place in it. [1]
翻译：各时期各地区的人们都思考各自的世界并想知道自己在其中的位置。
1. Human being 人；人类。
2. in all times and places, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Human beings。
3. think 和 wonder 作并列谓语。
4. think about 认真考虑；思索。
5. about their world/ at their place in it, 是介词短语作宾语。
6. in it, 介词短语作定语，修饰 their place；it 代指 their world。
Humans are thoughtful and creative, possessed of insatiable curiosity. [2]
翻译：人类既善于思考又善于创造，拥有永不满足的好奇心。
1. possessed of insatiable curiosity. 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰主语 Humans；因为定语太长，置于句末。
2. thoughtful and creative, 是形容词作表语。
3. possess of 拥有；占有。
4. insatiable curiosity 永不满足的好奇心。
Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. [3]
翻译：而且，人类还有能力改进自己的生存环境，从而让所有其他形态的生命服从人类自己的奇思妙想。
1. have the ability to do sth 有能力做某事。
2. in which they live, 是 in+which 引导的定语从句，修饰 the environment。
3. (thus) subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 是现在分词短语作结果状语。
4. subject to 使服从；使遭受；受… 管制。
5. all other 所有其他的。
6. life form 生命形态。
Therefore, it is important to study humans in all their richness and diversity in a calm and systematic manner, with the hope that the knowledge resulting from such studies can lead humans to a more harmonious way of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth. [4]
翻译：因此，以冷静而系统地方式研究人类的丰富性和多样性尤为重要；并且希望这些研究的成果能够引导人类与他们自己及地球其他生命形态和谐相处。
1. 该句子的主干为：it is important to study humans..., with the hope (that...)。
2. it 是形式主语，代指后面的 to do 不定式短语（to study humans...）。
3. in all their richness and diversity, 介词短语作方面状语。
4. in a calm and systematic manner, 介词短语作方式状语。
5. systematic manner 系统的方法；
6. with the hope (that...), 是介词短语作伴随状语。
7. that the knowledge (resulting from such studies) can lead humans to a more harmonious way (of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth). 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 the hope。
8. resulting from such studies, 是现在分词短语作定语，修饰 the knowledge。
9. result from 起因于；由… 造成；来源于。
10. lead to 导致；通向。
11. of living with themselves and with all other life forms on this planet Earth, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a more harmonious way。
12. live with 忍受；承认；与… 同居；与… 相处。
13. all other 所有其他的。
14. life form 生命形态。
15. on this planet Earth. 介词短语作定语，修饰 all other life forms。
"Anthropology" derives from the Greek words anthropos "human" and logos "the study of". [5]
翻译：“人类学” 一词来源于希腊词 anthropos“人类” 和 logos“研究”。
1. derive from 源出；衍生于。
2. anthropos "human" and logos "the study of", 作 the Greek words 的同位语，对其举例说明。
By its very name, anthropology encompasses the study of all humankind. [6]
翻译：就名称而言，人类学包括对整个人类的研究。
1. By its very name, 介词短语作方面状语。
2. the study of … 的研究。
Anthropology is one of the social sciences. [7]
翻译：人类学是社会科学的一个分支。
1. one of 其中之一，之一。
2. social science 社会科学。
Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. [8]
翻译：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，试图用同样理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其努力。
1. 该句子的主干为：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry...。
2. Social science 社会科学。
3. intellectual enquiry 知识探索；知识探求。
4. which seeks to study humans and their endeavors(in...), 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 Social science；因定语从句太长，放在句末。
5. seek to do sth 试图干某事。
6. in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner, 介词短语作方式状语。
7. that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner。
8. natural scientist 自然科学家。
9. for the study of natural phenomena. 介词短语作目的状语。
10. the study of … 的研究。
11. natural phenomena 自然现象。
Social science disciplines include geography, economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. [9]
翻译：社会科学学科包括地理学、经济学、政治学、心理学和社会学。
1. Social science discipline 社会科学学科。
2. political science 行政科学；政治学。
Each of these social sciences has a subfield or specialization which lies particularly close to anthropology. [10]
翻译：每一门社会学科目都有一个分支或专业特别接近人类学。
1. each of 每一个；众多者中的每一个。
2. social science 社会科学。
3. which lies particularly close to anthropology. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 a subfield or specialization。
4. lie close to 紧接。
All the social sciences focus upon the study of humanity. [11]
翻译：所有社会科学都将注意力集中于对人类的研究。
1. social science 社会科学。
2. focus upon 关注；聚焦于；集中于。
3. the study of … 的研究。
Anthropology is a field-study oriented discipline which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis. [12]
翻译：人类学是一个以实地研究为方向的学科，该学科在研究中常常大量使用对比分析方法。
1. field-study 实地研究；野外调查；现场研究。
2. which makes extensive use of the comparative method in analysis, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 a field-study oriented discipline。
3. makes use of 使用，利用。
4. comparative method 比较方法；比较研究法。
5. in analysis. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the comparative method。
The emphasis on data gathered first-hand, combined with a cross-cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science. [13]
翻译：重点在材料上，这些材料是第一手收集的，与采用跨文化视角的方式去研究过去和现在的文化相结合，这使得这种研究成为一门独特的并且非常重要的社会科学。
1. 该句子的主干为：The emphasis on data..., makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。
2. The emphasis on data 作主句。
3. emphasis on 着重于；对… 的强调。
4. gathered first-hand, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 data。
5. first-hand 第一手，直接地。
6. combined with a cross-cultural perspective, 是过去分词短语作伴随状语。
7. combine with 与… 结合。
8. cross-cultural 跨文化的；交叉文化的。
9. cross-cultural perspective 跨文化的角度；跨文化视野。
10. brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 a cross-cultural perspective。
11. the analysis of … 的分析。
12. past and present, 作定语，修饰 cultures。
13. a unique and distinctly important social science. 作宾语 this study 的补语。
14. social science 社会科学。
Anthropological analyses rest heavily upon the concept of culture. [14]
翻译：人类学分析主要依赖于文化概念。
1. Anthropological analyse 人类学分析。
2. rest upon 依赖于，取决于。
3. the concept of … 的概念。
Sir Edward Tylor's formulation of the concept of culture was one of the great intellectual achievements of 19th century science. [15]
翻译：Edward Tylor 爵士对文化概念的总结是 19 世纪科学的伟大智力成果之一
1. of the concept of culture, 介词短语作定语，修饰 formulation。
2. the concept of … 的概念。
3. one of 其中之一，之一。
4. intellectual achievement 知识成就；智力成果。
5. of 19th century science. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the great intellectual achievements。
Tylor defined culture as "...that complex whole which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society." [16]
翻译：Tylor 把文化定义为 “… 一个复杂的整体，它包括了作为社会的成员的人所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他的能力和习惯”。
1. define...as 把… 定义为；给… 下的定义是。
2. as "...that complex whole (which...)", 是介词短语作宾语 culture 的补语。
3. which includes belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 that complex whole。
4. complex whole 复杂的整体。
5. acquired by man (as...), 是过去分词短语作定语，修饰 belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits。
6. as a member of society. 是介词短语作 man 的补语。
7. a member of 成员之一；... 的会员。
This insight, so profound in its simplicity, opened up an entirely new way of perceiving and understanding human life. [17]
翻译：这一见解表达简单却非常深刻，为观察和理解人类生活展示了新的方式。
1. so profound in its simplicity, 插入语，形容词短语作定语，修饰主语 This insight。
2. open up 打开；展示，揭露。
3. of perceiving and understanding human life. 是介词短语作定语，修饰 an entirely new way。
4. human life 人类生活；人的生命。
Implicit within Tylor's definition is the concept that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. [18]
翻译：Tylor 的文化定义暗示出这样一个概念，即文化是后天习得的、人类共有的、模式化的行为。
1. 该句子是倒装句，表语前置，正常语序为：the concept (that...) is implicit within Tylor's definition。
2. within Tylor's definition, 介词短语作地点状语。
3. that culture is learned, shared, and patterned behavior. 是 that 引导的同位语从句，修饰 the concept。
Thus, the anthropological concept of "culture," like the concept of "set" in mathematics, is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. [19]
翻译：因此，人类学关于 “文化”的概念就像数学中的 “集（合）” 的概念一样，是一个使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能的抽象概念。
1. 该句子的主干为：the anthropological concept of "culture,"...is an abstract concept。
2. anthropological concept 人类学概念。
3. of "culture, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the anthropological concept。
4. like the concept of "set" in mathematics, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the anthropological concept of "culture,"。
5. the concept of … 的概念。
6. in mathematics, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the concept of "set"。
7. abstract concept 抽象概念。
8. which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding. 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 an abstract concept。
9. make sth possible 使得… 成为可能（possible 是宾语补语，从句的宾语较长，置于宾补后面：make possible sth）。
10. immense amounts of 大量的。
11. concrete research 具体的研究。
标签：定语,concept,真题,短语,study,介词,2003,修饰,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100417