2007 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 3 解析
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. [1]
翻译：在上一代人中，美国中产阶级家庭曾经可以依靠努力工作和公平竞争来保证自身的财务安全，这种中产家庭已经因为经济风险和新的现实而发生改变。
1. During the past generation, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. middle-class 中产阶级（的）。
3. middle-class family 中产阶级家庭。
4. that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the American middle-class family。
5. count on 指望；依靠。
6. hard work 努力工作；繁重的工作。
7. fair play 公平竞争；公平比赛。
8. to keep itself financially secure, 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。
9. financially secure 收入稳定；财务保障；财务安全。
10. economic risk 经济风险。
11. new reality 新的现实。
Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. [2]
翻译：现在，一份解雇通知书、一纸糟糕的诊断书或者去世的配偶都可以在几个月之内使一个稳固的中产阶级家庭沦为一个新的穷人。
1. a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, a disappearing spouse, 是三个并列的名词短语作主语。
2. pink slip 解雇通知书；解雇职工通知单。
3. bad diagnosis 糟糕的诊断。
4. disappearing spouse 去世的配偶。
5. from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. 介词短语作宾语 a family 的补语。
6. from...to... 从… 到…。
7. middle class 中产阶级（的）。
8. newly poor 新的穷人。
9. in a few months. 介词短语作时间状语。
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. [3]
翻译：在仅仅一代人的时间内，数百万的母亲出去工作，改变了基本的家庭经济模式。
1. In just one generation, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. millions of 成千上万的…；无数的…。
3. go to work 去上班；开始行动，着手工作。
4. transforming basic family economics. 现在分词短语作结果状语。
5. family economic 家庭经济。
Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. [4]
翻译：学者、决策人，以及各界评论人士一直争论这些变化的社会影响，但是很少人考虑到它的副作用：家庭风险也增加了。
1. but 连接两个并列句。
2. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes, 三个名词（短语）并列作第一个并列句的主语。
3. all stripes 所有的类型；所有的领域；各种各样的。
4. of all stripes, 介词短语作定语，修饰 critics。
5. social implication 社会意义；社会影响。
6. of these changes, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the social implications。
7. side effect 副作用；反作用；不良反应。
8. 冒号后面句子作同位语，修饰 the side effect。
9. family risk 家庭风险；家庭危险。
10. as well 也；同样地。
Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. [5]
翻译：现在的家庭开支预算已经达到了新的双薪家庭的极限。
1. the limits of … 的范围；… 的界限；… 的极限。
2. of their new two-paycheck status. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the limits。
3. two-paycheck 有双份收入的；有双薪的。
As a result they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback--a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. [6]
翻译：因此，它们已经失去了在财政危机时期曾经持有的 “保护伞”——一个后备挣钱者（通常是母亲），她可以在顶梁柱被解雇或者生病的时候出去工作。
1. As a result, 介词短语作结果状语。
2. they once had in times of financial setback, 是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 the parachute。
3. in times of 在… 的时候；在… 的时期。
4. of financial setback, 介词短语作定语，修饰 times。
5. financial setback 财政危机；金融危机。
6. --a back-up earner (usually Mom) (who...), 破折号内容作 the parachute 的同位语，对其解释说明。
7. back-up 后备（的）；备份（的）。
8. (usually Mom), 括号内容对 a back-up earner 进行补充说明。
9. who could go into the workforce (if...), 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 a back-up earner。
10. if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。
11. primary earner 主要收入来源者；顶梁柱。
12. get laid off 被解雇，被裁员。
13. fell sick 生病；恶心，呕吐。
This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. [7]
翻译：这种 “附加劳动力效应” 可能会支持由失业保险或伤残保险所提供的安全保障，从而帮助家庭度过困难时期。
1. added-worker effect 附加劳动力效应。
2. safety net 安全网；安全保障。
3. offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the safety net。
4. unemployment insurance 失业保险。
5. disability insurance 残疾保险；伤残保险。
6. to help families weather bad times. 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。
7. help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事。
8. weather bad times 度过困难时期。
But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. [8]
翻译：但是今天，家庭财产的中断再也不能通过另一个待在家里的伴侣的额外收入来弥补了。
1. to family fortunes, 介词短语作定语，修饰 a disruption。
2. family fortune 家庭财产；家庭命运。
3. no longer 不再；再也不。
4. be made up with 由… 弥补；由… 组成。
5. extra income 额外收入；额外所得。
6. from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. 介词短语作定语，修饰 extra income。
7. otherwise-stay-at-home 另一个待在家里的。
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. [9]
翻译：在同一时期，家庭被要求在退休收入方面承担更多的风险。
1. During the same period, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. be asked to do sth 被要求去做某事；被邀请去做某事。
3. in their retirement income. 介词短语作方面状语。
4. retirement income 退休收入。
Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. [10]
翻译：钢铁工人、航空公司员工以及现在汽车行业的员工都正在加入上百万家庭的担忧行列，这些家庭必须担忧利率、股市波动以及退休金不够用的严峻现实。
1. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those, 三个名词（短语）并列作主语。
2. airline employee 航空公司员工。
3. in the auto industry, 介词短语作定语，修饰 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those。
4. auto industry 汽车工业；汽车行业。
5. millions of 成千上万的…；无数的…。
6. who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality (that...), 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 millions of families。
7. worry about 焦虑…；担心…。
8. interest rate 利率；利息率。
9. stock market fluctuation 股市波动。
10. harsh reality 严酷的现实；残酷的现实。
11. that they may outlive their retirement money. 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the harsh reality。
12. retirement money 退休金。
For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. [11]
翻译：在去年的大部分时间里，布什总统一直致力于将社会保险转变成储蓄账户模式，让退休人员将他们大部分或者所有保障金转换成依靠投资效益的报酬。
1. For much of the past year, 介词短语作时间状语。
2. campaign to do sth. 为做某事开展活动；致力于做某事。
3. social security 社会保险，社会保障。
4. savings-account 储蓄帐户。
5. with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. 是独立主格结构作伴随状语。
6. trade for 以… 换得；贸易交换。
7. guaranteed payment 保证金。
8. depending on investment returns. 现在分词短语作定语，修饰其前面的 payments。
9. depend on 取决于；依赖；依靠。
10. investment return 投资收益；投资回报。
For younger families, the picture is not any better. [12]
翻译：对于较年轻的家庭来说，前景也是不容乐观。
1. For younger families, 介词短语作方面状语。
2. not any better 不容乐观；没有任何好转。
Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen--and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. [13]
翻译：医疗的绝对成本和家庭需要承担的那部分份额都已经提高了——而且最近流行的健康储蓄计划正从立法厅扩散至沃尔玛员工那里，家庭将来的医疗保健随之会有更高的免赔额，而且也会有大量新的投资风险。
1. --and 连接两个并列句。
2. the absolute cost of healthcare 和 the share of it, 通过 both...and... 连接，作第一个并列句的主语；it 代指 the absolute cost of healthcare。
3. absolute cost 绝对成本。
4. the share of … 的份额。
5. of healthcare /of it 介词短语作定语，修饰 the absolute cost/the share。
6. borne by families, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 the share of it。
7. be borne by 由… 承担；由… 负担；borne 是 bear 的过去分词。
8. health-saving 健康储蓄。
9. from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, 介词短语作方向状语。
10. legislative halls 立法机构；立法厅。
11. Wal-Mart worker 沃尔玛的员工。
12. with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk, 介词短语作伴随状语。
13. a large dose of 大量的；a dose of 一剂；一服。
14. investment risk 投资风险。
15. for families' future healthcare. 介词短语作定语，修饰 deductibles 和 investment risk。
Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent--and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance--have jumped eightfold in just one generation. [14]
翻译：甚至人口统计数据也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为有一个年老力衰的父（或母）亲的几率——和所有的体力和精力帮助的照顾需求——在一代人的时间内跳涨了 8 倍。
1. work against 对… 不利；违背。
2. middle class family 中产阶级家庭。
3. as the odds of having a weak elderly parent...have jumped eightfold in just one generation. 是 as 引导的原因状语从句。
4. the odds of … 的发生的几率；… 的可能性。
5. of having a weak elderly parent, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the odds。
6. weak elderly parents 年老力衰的父母。
7. --and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance--, 破折号内容作从句主语 the odds of having a weak elderly parent 的补语，对其补充说明。
8. attendant need 照顾需求；照顾需要。
9. for physical and financial assistance, 介词短语作定语，修饰 all the attendant need。
10. eightfold, 数词作程度状语。
11. in just one generation. 介词短语作时间状语。
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. [15]
翻译：可以理解，从中产阶层家庭的角度来看，这种现象看起来远不像一个履行更多经济责任的机会，而非常像是一个将经济风险大规模转移到他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上的可怕的加速进程。
1. 该句子的主干为：much of this...looks (far less) like an opportunity..., and (a good deal) more like a frightening acceleration...。
2. From the middle-class family perspective, 介词短语作方面状语。
3. middle-class family 中产阶级家庭。
4. from one's perspective 从某人的角度 / 观点来看。
5. look like 看起来像…；显得。
6. far less 远不及；小 / 少得多。
7. to exercise more financial responsibility, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 an opportunity。
8. exercise responsibility 履行责任；履行责任。
9. financial responsibility 经济责任；金融责任；财务责任。
10. a good deal 非常；大量的。
11. of the wholesale shift of financial risk. 介词短语作定语，修饰 a frightening acceleration。
12. wholesale shift 大规模转移 / 转变。
13. of financial risk, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the wholesale shift。
14. financial risk 财务风险；金融风险。
15. onto their already overburdened shoulders. 介词短语作方向状语。
The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind. [16]
翻译：经济已经开始回落，而且政治的影响可能也不远了。
1. and 连接两个并列句。
2. financial fallout 经济回落。
3. political fallout 政治后果；政治影响。
4. far behind 远远落后；与… 相差很远。
标签：定语,family,真题,短语,状语,介词,2007,修饰,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100470