2007 年考研英语真题 - 阅读 1 解析
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. [1]
翻译：如果你调查一下 2006 年世界杯足球锦标赛上每位运动员的出生证明，你很有可能会发现一个值得注意的趣事：杰出的足球运动员更有可能出生于一年的前几个月而不是后几个月。
1. If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, 是 if 引导的条件状语从句（虚拟语气）。
2. birth certificate 出生证明。
3. of every soccer player, 介词短语作定语，修饰 the birth certificates。
4. soccer player 足球运动员；足球选手。
5. in 2006's World Cup tournament, 介词短语作定语，修饰 soccer player。
6. World Cup tournament 世界杯锦标赛。
7. noteworthy quirk 值得注意的怪癖；趣事。
8. 冒号后面的内容对 noteworthy quirk 进行补充说明。
9. elite soccer player 杰出的足球运动员。
10. be likely to do sth 可能会做某事。
11. in the earlier months of the year, 介词短语作时间状语。
12. than in the later months. 是 than 引导的比较状语从句。
If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced. [2]
翻译：如果你再检查一下为世界杯和职业联赛输送球员的欧洲国家青年队，你会发现这一奇怪的现象变得更加明显了。
1. If you then examined the European national youth teams (that...), 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。
2. European national youth team 欧洲国家青年队。
3. that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, 是 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the European national youth teams。
4. World Cup 世界杯。
5. professional ranks 职业排名；专业级别。
6. strange phenomenon 奇怪的现象；怪异。
7. to be even more pronounced. 是 to do 不定式短语作宾语 this strange phenomenon 的补语。
8. more pronounced 更明显的；更显著的。
What might account for this strange phenomenon? [3]
翻译：如何解释这一奇怪的现象呢？
1. account for 对… 负有责任；对… 做出解释；说明… 的原因；导致；占… 比例。
2. strange phenomenon 奇怪的现象；怪异。
Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above. [4]
翻译：以下是几种猜测：a）特定的星象的迹象赋予了杰出的足球技能；b）冬季出生的婴儿倾向于有较高的可以增强踢球耐力的血氧容量；c）对足球狂热的父母更可能在春季，也就是每年足球狂热的高峰期，孕育子女；d）以上猜想均不对。
1. 冒号后面的四个分句，作 guesses 的同位语，对其作解释说明。
2. astrological sign 星座；星象；占星术。
3. winter-born 冬季出生。
4. tend to do sth. 倾向于做某事。
5. oxygen capacity 氧容量；血氧容量。
6. which increases soccer stamina, 是 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 oxygen capacity。
7. be likely to do sth 可能会做某事。
8. in springtime, 介词短语作时间状语。
9. at the annual peak of soccer mania, 作 springtime 的同位语，对其作进一步解释说明。
10. annual peak 年高峰。
11. soccer mania 足球狂热。
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." [5]
翻译：58 岁的佛罗里达州立大学的心理学教授 Anders Ericsson 说他坚信 “以上猜想均不对”。
1. a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, 作主语 Anders Ericsson 的同位语，对其解释说明。
2. psychology professor 心理学教授。
3. at Florida State University, 介词短语作定语，修饰 psychology professor。
4. he believes strongly in "none of the above." 是省略引导词的从句，作 says 的宾语。
5. believe in 信仰；信任。
Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. [6]
翻译：Ericsson 在瑞典长大，且他早先学习核工程学，直到后来他意识到如果自己改学心理学，可能会有更多机会进行自己的研究。
1. and 连接两个并列句；其中第二个并列句省略了主语 Ericsson。
2. grow up 成长，逐渐形成。
3. in Sweden, 介词短语作地点状语。
4. nuclear engineering 核子工程；核能工程；核技术。
5. until he realized(...), 是 until 引导的时间状语从句。
6. he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research (if...). 是省略引导词的从句，作 realized 的宾语。
7. to conduct his own research, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 opportunity。
8. if he switched to psychology. 是 if 引导的条件状语从句。
9. switch to 切换到；转到；转变成。
His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. [7]
翻译：大约 30 年前，他的第一个实验与记忆相关：训练一个人让他听一连串随机的数字，然后进行复述。
1. nearly 30 years ago, 作时间状语。
2. 冒号内容作 memory 的同位语，对其进行解释说明。
3. to hear and then (to) repeat a random series of numbers. 是 to do 不定式短语作目的状语。
4. a series of 一系列的；一连串的。
"With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. [8]
翻译：" 在经过大约 20 小时的训练之后，第一个试验对象的数字跨度从 7 个提升至 20"， Ericsson 回忆道。
1. 双引号内容作引语，作 recalls 的宾语。
2. after about 20 hours of training, 介词短语作时间状语。
3. With the first subject, 介词短语作方面状语。
4. digit span 数字广度；数字跨度。
5. from...to... 从… 到…。
"He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers." [9]
翻译：" 他一直进步，在大约 200 小时的训练之后，他（复述数字）已经超过 80 个。"
1. and 连接两个并列句。
2. keep doing 一直做；继续做。
3. after about 200 hours of training, 介词短语作时间状语。
4. rise to 上升到；升迁。
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. [10]
翻译：这次成功，以及后来证明记忆力本身并非由基因决定的研究，使得 Ericsson 得出结论：记忆行为与其说是一种直觉活动，不如说是一种认知训练。
1. 该句子的主干为：This success led Ericsson to conclude (that...)。
2. coupled with later research, 过去分词短语作定语，修饰 This success。
3. couple with 与… 相结合，伴随。
4. showing (that...), 现在分词短语作定语，修饰 later research。
5. that memory itself is not genetically determined, 是 that 引导的从句，作 showing 的宾语。
6. be genetically determined 由遗传决定；由基因决定的。
7. lead sb to do sth 引领某人做某事；导致某人做某事。
8. that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. 是 that 引导的从句，作 conclude 的宾语。
9. the act of … 的行为；… 的法案。
10. cognitive exercise, 认知训练。
11. than an intuitive one. 作比较状语。
12. more than 多于；超出；比… 多。
In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. [11]
翻译：换句话说，无论两个人天生的记忆力表现出怎样的差异，这些差异都会被每个人 “解码” 信息的好坏而掩盖。
1. In other words 换句话说；换言之。
2. whatever inborn differences , 是 whatever 引导的让步状语。
3. inborn difference 天生的差异。
4. two people may exhibit (inborn differences) in their abilities to memorize, 是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 inborn difference。
5. in their abilities, 介词短语作定语，修饰 inborn differences。
6. to memorize, 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 their abilities。
7. be swamped by 被… 掩盖；被… 淹没。
8. how well each person "encodes" the information. 是 how 引导的从句，作 swamped by 的宾语。
9. encode the information 解码信息。
And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. [12]
翻译：Ericsson 查明，学会如何进行有意义进行信息解码的最佳途径是一个被称为刻意训练的过程。
1. to learn (how...), 是 to do 不定式短语作定语，修饰 the best way。
2. how to encode information meaningfully, 是 how 引导的从句，作 learn 的宾语。
3. encode information 解码信息。
4. Ericsson determined, 作插入语，也可认为其余部分作 determined 的宾语。
5. known as 被认为是，被称为；以… 而著称。
6. deliberate practice 刻意训练；刻意练习。
Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. [13]
翻译：刻意训练需要的不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。
1. deliberate practice 刻意训练；刻意练习。
2. more than 多于；超出；比… 多。
3. repeat a task 重复任务。
Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome. [14]
翻译：更确切地说，它包括设定明确目标、获取即时反馈，以及集中精力于技术和结果。
1. 三个动名词短语并列作 involves 的宾语。
2. specific goal 具体的目标；明确的目标。
3. immediate feedback 即时反馈；立即反馈。
4. concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于。
5. as much on technique as on outcome. 是 as...as... 结构，第一个 as 是副词，第二个 as 是连词，连接比较状语。
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. [15]
翻译：因此，Ericsson 和他的同事开始研究包括足球在内的众多领域中出类拔萃的人。
1. take to doing sth 开始做某事；喜欢上做某事；逐渐习惯做某事。
2. expert performers 佼佼者；出类拔萃的人。
3. in a wide range of pursuits, 介词短语作定语，修饰 expert performers。
4. a wide range of 大范围的；多种多样的。
5. including soccer. 介词短语作定语，修饰 pursuits。
They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. [16]
翻译：他们收集了一切能收集到的资料，不仅包括工作业绩统计和履历详情，还包括他们自己对取得高成就的人进行实验所得到的结果。
1. they can, 是省略了引导词（也省略了 gather：they can gather）的定语从句，修饰 all the data。
2. (not just) performance statistics and biographical details (but also) the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 两个名词性短语，由 not just, but also 连接，作 all the data 的同位语。
3. performance statistics 性能统计；工作业绩统计。
4. biographical details 传记细节；履历详情。
5. the results of … 的结果。
6. of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. 介词短语作定语，修饰 the results。
7. laboratory experiment 实验室实验。
8. with high achievers. 介词短语作定语，修饰 their own laboratory experiments。
9. high achiever 取得高成就的人。
Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. [17]
翻译：他们的研究得出了一个相当惊人的论断：我们通常称为天赋的特征被严重高估了。
1. startling assertion 惊人的论断。
2. 冒号后面的内容作 startling assertion 的同位语，对其解释说明。
3. we commonly call talent, 是省略引导词的定语从句，修饰 the trait。
4. be overrated 被高估。
Or, put another way, expert performers--whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming--are nearly always made, not born. [18]
翻译：或者，换句话说，出类拔萃的人——无论是在记忆或者外科领域，芭蕾舞或者计算机编程方面——几乎都是培养的，而非天生的。
1. put another way 换句话说。
2. expert performers 佼佼者；出类拔萃的人。
3. --whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming--, 破折号内容是 whether 引导的让步状语。
4. computer programming 计算机编程；计算机程序设计。
标签：定语,真题,短语,从句,状语,2007,soccer,Ericsson,考研 From： https://www.cnblogs.com/ah1949/p/18100466