是相对于可编程的shader而言的。所谓固定管线，是说芯片上一组电路已经固定实现了特定的运算功能，程序能做的只是提供场景数据以及微调运算功能的参数。它适用于所有的显卡，常用于高级Shader在老显卡无法显示时的Fallback。Unity中的固定管线shader使用ShaderLab语言。
包括了

• properties 属性
• material 材质
• lighting 光照
• settexture 设置纹理
• pass 通道

1 示例

1.1 VS2019 Shader 插件

打开VS2019 点击 扩展>管理扩展 搜索 ShaderVS插件，安装即可

1.2 打开Unity，新建一个Unity 3D项目

在Project栏目中，新建一个Shader 右键>Create>Shader 第一个
默认如下：已经包括了属性 Properties SubShader FallBack

Shader "Custom/ff3"
{
    Properties
    {
        _Color ("Color", Color) = (1,1,1,1)
        _MainTex ("Albedo (RGB)", 2D) = "white" {}
        _Glossiness ("Smoothness", Range(0,1)) = 0.5
        _Metallic ("Metallic", Range(0,1)) = 0.0
    }
    SubShader
    {
        Tags { "RenderType"="Opaque" }
        LOD 200

        CGPROGRAM
        // Physically based Standard lighting model, and enable shadows on all light types
        #pragma surface surf Standard fullforwardshadows

        // Use shader model 3.0 target, to get nicer looking lighting
        #pragma target 3.0

        sampler2D _MainTex;

        struct Input
        {
            float2 uv_MainTex;
        };

        half _Glossiness;
        half _Metallic;
        fixed4 _Color;

        // Add instancing support for this shader. You need to check 'Enable Instancing' on materials that use the shader.
        // See https://docs.unity3d.com/Manual/GPUInstancing.html for more information about instancing.
        // #pragma instancing_options assumeuniformscaling
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_START(Props)
            // put more per-instance properties here
        UNITY_INSTANCING_BUFFER_END(Props)

        void surf (Input IN, inout SurfaceOutputStandard o)
        {
            // Albedo comes from a texture tinted by color
            fixed4 c = tex2D (_MainTex, IN.uv_MainTex) * _Color;
            o.Albedo = c.rgb;
            // Metallic and smoothness come from slider variables
            o.Metallic = _Metallic;
            o.Smoothness = _Glossiness;
            o.Alpha = c.a;
        }
        ENDCG
    }
    FallBack "Diffuse"
}

1.3 删除默认代码

Shader "Custom/ff3"
{
    SubShader{
        
    }
}

 

1.4 增加Color属性

• 新建一个物体 Sphere
• 把Shader拖到 Sphere上
• 修改代码

Shader "Custom/ff3"
{
     Properties
    {
        _Color("Main Color",color)=(1,1,1,1) 
    }
   
    SubShader
    {
        pass { 
            material{
                diffuse[_Color] 
            }
            lighting on
                separateSpecular on
        }
}