【九】解决粘包的进阶方法
为字节流加上自定义固定长度报头，报头中包含字节流长度，然后一次send到对端，对端在接收时，先从缓存中取出定长的报头，然后再取真实数据
struct模块
- 该模块可以把一个类型，如数字，转成固定长度的bytes
struct.pack(‘i’,1111111111111)
。。。。。。。。。
struct.error: ‘i’ format requires -2147483648 <= number <= 2147483647 #这个是范围
import json,struct
#假设通过客户端上传1T:1073741824000的文件a.txt
#为避免粘包,必须自定制报头
header={'file_size':1073741824000,'file_name':'/a/b/c/d/e/a.txt','md5':'8f6fbf8347faa4924a76856701edb0f3'} #1T数据,文件路径和md5值
#为了该报头能传送,需要序列化并且转为bytes
head_bytes=bytes(json.dumps(header),encoding='utf-8') #序列化并转成bytes,用于传输
#为了让客户端知道报头的长度,用struck将报头长度这个数字转成固定长度:4个字节
head_len_bytes=struct.pack('i',len(head_bytes)) #这4个字节里只包含了一个数字,该数字是报头的长度
#客户端开始发送
conn.send(head_len_bytes) #先发报头的长度,4个bytes
conn.send(head_bytes) #再发报头的字节格式
conn.sendall(文件内容) #然后发真实内容的字节格式
#服务端开始接收
head_len_bytes=s.recv(4) #先收报头4个bytes,得到报头长度的字节格式
x=struct.unpack('i',head_len_bytes)[0] #提取报头的长度
head_bytes=s.recv(x) #按照报头长度x,收取报头的bytes格式
header=json.loads(json.dumps(header)) #提取报头
#最后根据报头的内容提取真实的数据,比如
real_data_len=s.recv(header['file_size'])
s.recv(real_data_len)
- 关于struct的详细用法
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
#http://www.cnblogs.com/coser/archive/2011/12/17/2291160.html
__author__ = 'ly'
import struct
import binascii
import ctypes
values1 = (1, 'abc'.encode('utf-8'), 2.7)
values2 = ('defg'.encode('utf-8'),101)
s1 = struct.Struct('I3sf')
s2 = struct.Struct('4sI')
print(s1.size,s2.size)
prebuffer=ctypes.create_string_buffer(s1.size+s2.size)
print('Before : ',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))
# t=binascii.hexlify('asdfaf'.encode('utf-8'))
# print(t)
s1.pack_into(prebuffer,0,*values1)
s2.pack_into(prebuffer,s1.size,*values2)
print('After pack',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))
print(s1.unpack_from(prebuffer,0))
print(s2.unpack_from(prebuffer,s1.size))
s3=struct.Struct('ii')
s3.pack_into(prebuffer,0,123,123)
print('After pack',binascii.hexlify(prebuffer))
print(s3.unpack_from(prebuffer,0))
- 服务端（自定制报头）
import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加
phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
phone.listen(5)
while True:
conn,addr=phone.accept()
while True:
cmd=conn.recv(1024)
if not cmd:break
print('cmd: %s' %cmd)
res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),
shell=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
err=res.stderr.read()
print(err)
if err:
back_msg=err
else:
back_msg=res.stdout.read()
conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(back_msg))) #先发back_msg的长度
conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容
conn.close()
- 客户端（自定制报头）
#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
__author__ = 'ly'
import socket,time,struct
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
res=s.connect_ex(('127.0.0.1',8080))
while True:
msg=input('>>: ').strip()
if len(msg) == 0:continue
if msg == 'quit':break
s.send(msg.encode('utf-8'))
l=s.recv(4)
x=struct.unpack('i',l)[0]
print(type(x),x)
# print(struct.unpack('I',l))
r_s=0
data=b''
while r_s < x:
r_d=s.recv(1024)
data+=r_d
r_s+=len(r_d)
# print(data.decode('utf-8'))
print(data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码
- 我们可以把报头做成字典，字典里包含将要发送的真实数据的详细信息，然后json序列化，然后用struck将序列化后的数据长度打包成4个字节（4个自己足够用了）
发送时：
先发报头长度
再编码报头内容然后发送
最后发真实内容
接收时：
先手报头长度，用struct取出来
根据取出的长度收取报头内容，然后解码，反序列化
从反序列化的结果中取出待取数据的详细信息，然后去取真实的数据内容
- 服务端：定制稍微复杂一点的报头
import socket,struct,json
import subprocess
phone=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
phone.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET,socket.SO_REUSEADDR,1) #就是它，在bind前加
phone.bind(('127.0.0.1',8080))
phone.listen(5)
while True:
conn,addr=phone.accept()
while True:
cmd=conn.recv(1024)
if not cmd:break
print('cmd: %s' %cmd)
res=subprocess.Popen(cmd.decode('utf-8'),
shell=True,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
err=res.stderr.read()
print(err)
if err:
back_msg=err
else:
back_msg=res.stdout.read()
headers={'data_size':len(back_msg)}
head_json=json.dumps(headers)
head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding='utf-8')
conn.send(struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))) #先发报头的长度
conn.send(head_json_bytes) #再发报头
conn.sendall(back_msg) #在发真实的内容
conn.close()
- 客户端
from socket import *
import struct,json
ip_port=('127.0.0.1',8080)
client=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM)
client.connect(ip_port)
while True:
cmd=input('>>: ')
if not cmd:continue
client.send(bytes(cmd,encoding='utf-8'))
head=client.recv(4)
head_json_len=struct.unpack('i',head)[0]
head_json=json.loads(client.recv(head_json_len).decode('utf-8'))
data_len=head_json['data_size']
recv_size=0
recv_data=b''
while recv_size < data_len:
recv_data+=client.recv(1024)
recv_size+=len(recv_data)
print(recv_data.decode('utf-8'))
#print(recv_data.decode('gbk')) #windows默认gbk编码
FTP作业：上传下载文件
- 服务端
import socket
import struct
import json
import subprocess
import os
class MYTCPServer:
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
allow_reuse_address = False
max_packet_size = 8192
coding='utf-8'
request_queue_size = 5
server_dir='file_upload'
def __init__(self, server_address, bind_and_activate=True):
"""Constructor. May be extended, do not override."""
self.server_address=server_address
self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
self.socket_type)
if bind_and_activate:
try:
self.server_bind()
self.server_activate()
except:
self.server_close()
raise
def server_bind(self):
"""Called by constructor to bind the socket.
"""
if self.allow_reuse_address:
self.socket.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, 1)
self.socket.bind(self.server_address)
self.server_address = self.socket.getsockname()
def server_activate(self):
"""Called by constructor to activate the server.
"""
self.socket.listen(self.request_queue_size)
def server_close(self):
"""Called to clean-up the server.
"""
self.socket.close()
def get_request(self):
"""Get the request and client address from the socket.
"""
return self.socket.accept()
def close_request(self, request):
"""Called to clean up an individual request."""
request.close()
def run(self):
while True:
self.conn,self.client_addr=self.get_request()
print('from client ',self.client_addr)
while True:
try:
head_struct = self.conn.recv(4)
if not head_struct:break
head_len = struct.unpack('i', head_struct)[0]
head_json = self.conn.recv(head_len).decode(self.coding)
head_dic = json.loads(head_json)
print(head_dic)
#head_dic={'cmd':'put','filename':'a.txt','filesize':123123}
cmd=head_dic['cmd']
if hasattr(self,cmd):
func=getattr(self,cmd)
func(head_dic)
except Exception:
break
def put(self,args):
file_path=os.path.normpath(os.path.join(
self.server_dir,
args['filename']
))
filesize=args['filesize']
recv_size=0
print('----->',file_path)
with open(file_path,'wb') as f:
while recv_size < filesize:
recv_data=self.conn.recv(self.max_packet_size)
f.write(recv_data)
recv_size+=len(recv_data)
print('recvsize:%s filesize:%s' %(recv_size,filesize))
tcpserver1=MYTCPServer(('127.0.0.1',8080))
tcpserver1.run()
- 客户端
import socket
import struct
import json
import os
class MYTCPClient:
address_family = socket.AF_INET
socket_type = socket.SOCK_STREAM
allow_reuse_address = False
max_packet_size = 8192
coding='utf-8'
request_queue_size = 5
def __init__(self, server_address, connect=True):
self.server_address=server_address
self.socket = socket.socket(self.address_family,
self.socket_type)
if connect:
try:
self.client_connect()
except:
self.client_close()
raise
def client_connect(self):
self.socket.connect(self.server_address)
def client_close(self):
self.socket.close()
def run(self):
while True:
inp=input(">>: ").strip()
if not inp:continue
l=inp.split()
cmd=l[0]
if hasattr(self,cmd):
func=getattr(self,cmd)
func(l)
def put(self,args):
cmd=args[0]
filename=args[1]
if not os.path.isfile(filename):
print('file:%s is not exists' %filename)
return
else:
filesize=os.path.getsize(filename)
head_dic={'cmd':cmd,'filename':os.path.basename(filename),'filesize':filesize}
print(head_dic)
head_json=json.dumps(head_dic)
head_json_bytes=bytes(head_json,encoding=self.coding)
head_struct=struct.pack('i',len(head_json_bytes))
self.socket.send(head_struct)
self.socket.send(head_json_bytes)
send_size=0
with open(filename,'rb') as f:
for line in f:
self.socket.send(line)
send_size+=len(line)
print(send_size)
else:
print('upload successful')
client=MYTCPClient(('127.0.0.1',8080))
client.run()