B. Sum of Two Numbers
The sum of digits of a non-negative integer $a$ is the result of summing up its digits together when written in the decimal system. For example, the sum of digits of $123$ is $6$ and the sum of digits of $10$ is $1$. In a formal way, the sum of digits of $\displaystyle a=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty} a_i \cdot 10^i$, where $0 \leq a_i \leq 9$, is defined as $\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}{a_i}$.
Given an integer $n$, find two non-negative integers $x$ and $y$ which satisfy the following conditions.
- $x+y=n$, and
- the sum of digits of $x$ and the sum of digits of $y$ differ by at most $1$.
It can be shown that such $x$ and $y$ always exist.
Input
Each test contains multiple test cases. The first line contains the number of test cases $t$ ($1 \le t \le 10\,000$).
Each test case consists of a single integer $n$ ($1 \leq n \leq 10^9$)
Output
For each test case, print two integers $x$ and $y$.
If there are multiple answers, print any.
Example
input
5 1 161 67 1206 19
output
1 0 67 94 60 7 1138 68 14 5
Note
In the second test case, the sum of digits of $67$ and the sum of digits of $94$ are both $13$.
In the third test case, the sum of digits of $60$ is $6$, and the sum of digits of $7$ is $7$.
解题思路
经典思维题想不出来。比赛的时候想了很久,最后还是写暴搜过的,先贴个代码。
![](https://images.cnblogs.com/OutliningIndicators/ContractedBlock.gif)
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; typedef long long LL; int n; vector<int> num; int pow10[10]; int ans[2]; int get(int x) { int ret = 0; while (x) { ret += x % 10; x /= 10; } return ret; } bool dfs(int a, int b, int u, int r) { if (u == num.size() && a + b == n) { ans[0] = a, ans[1] = b; return true; } for (int i = 0; i <= 9; i++) { int j = ((num[u] - i - r) % 10 + 10) % 10; int t = abs(get(i * pow10[u] + a) - get(j * pow10[u] + b)); if (t <= 1 && dfs(i * pow10[u] + a, j * pow10[u] + b, u + 1, (i + j) / 10)) return true; } return false; } void solve() { scanf("%d", &n); num.clear(); for (int i = n; i; i /= 10) { num.push_back(i % 10); } pow10[0] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < num.size(); i++) { pow10[i] = pow10[i - 1] * 10; } dfs(0, 0, 0, 0); printf("%d %d\n", ans[0], ans[1]); } int main() { int t; scanf("%d", &t); while (t--) { solve(); } return 0; }View Code
思路就是从低位开始往高位搜,假设$n$的第$i$位是$a_i$,$y$的第$i$位是$b_i$,$x$的第$i$位是$c_i$,然后从$0 \sim 9$枚举$b_i$,那么$c_i = (a_i - b_i - r) \bmod 10$,其中$r$是来自低位的进位,同时还要满足$b_i + c_i \leq s$,$s$是指允许两数相差的最大值。实际上加上这些约束条件的剪枝后有效状态是非常少的(大概十多个,其中只要看哪个位两数相差为$1$就好了),因此可以过。
实际上这是道思维题来的。每一位都可以看作是独立的,因此可以没有进位。如果$n$是偶数的话那么直接$x = y = \frac{n}{2}$就好了。否则$n$是奇数,枚举$n$的每一位,如果$a_i$是偶数,那么$b_i = c_i = \frac{a_i}{2}$。如果$a_i$是奇数,那么$b_i$和$c_i$一个取$\left\lfloor \frac{a_i}{2} \right\rfloor$,一个取$\left\lceil \frac{a_i}{2} \right\rceil$,为了保证最后所有位数之和相差不超过$1$,可以交替地给$b_i$和$c_i$分配较大的数和较小的数。
AC代码如下:
1 #include <bits/stdc++.h> 2 using namespace std; 3 4 void solve() { 5 int n; 6 scanf("%d", &n); 7 int a = 0, b = 0, s = 0; 8 for (auto &c : to_string(n)) { 9 int x = c - '0'; 10 if (x & 1) { 11 a = a * 10 + (x + s) / 2; // s是奇数,那么把较大的数分配给a 12 b = b * 10 + (x + !s) / 2; // s是偶数,那么把较大的数分配给b 13 s ^= 1; 14 } 15 else { 16 a = a * 10 + x / 2; 17 b = b * 10 + x / 2; 18 } 19 } 20 printf("%d %d\n", a, b); 21 } 22 23 int main() { 24 int t; 25 scanf("%d", &t); 26 while (t--) { 27 solve(); 28 } 29 30 return 0; 31 }
参考资料
Codeforces Round #851 (Div. 2) Editorial:https://codeforces.com/blog/entry/112584
标签:digits,10,int,Sum,Two,leq,Numbers,test,sum From: https://www.cnblogs.com/onlyblues/p/17111272.html