一、I2C总线背景知识
SOC芯片平台的外设分为:
一级外设:外设控制器集成在SOC芯片内部
二级外设:外设控制器由另一块芯片负责,通过一些通讯总线与SOC芯片相连
Inter-Integrated Circuit: 字面意思是用于“集成电路之间”的通信总线,简写:IIC(或者I2C)
i2c传输的要点就是:传输一个字节 后面必然紧跟一个"响应"信号----应答信号.这个响应信号可能来自主机,或者是从机,具体是谁,就要看传输方向。
传输方向分两种情况(每种情况又有两种可能: A无应答和 B有应答):
1.主机->从机,主机对从机发一个字节之后,主机要读取从机的响应信号(主机读SDA线)
A) 主机读SDA为高电平,说明从机无应答(意味着从机接收完毕,主机发送停止信号)
B) 主机读SDA为低电平,说明从机有应答。(可继续发送下一个字节)
2.从机->主机, 主机读取从机一个字节之后,主机要向从机发送一个响应信号(主机写SDA线)
A) 主机写SDA为高电平,从机收到主机的无应答信号之后,从机停止传输,等待主机的停止信号。
B) 主机写SDA为低电平,从机收到主机的应答信号之后,从机继续输出下一字节
二、Exynos4412 I2C收发实现之裸机版
I2CCON寄存器:控制寄存器
第7位:决定是否允许产生应答信号,无论发送还是接收前,需置1
第6位:传输时时钟线分频,一般选置1
第5位:决定是否开启发送或接收结束时发通知,无论发送还是接收前,需置1
第4位:接收或发送是否完毕可以通过检查此位是否为1,接收或发送完毕后需置0
I2CSTAT寄存器:状态寄存器
第6、7位:每次传输前需选择传输模式
第5位:置0产生将产生终止信号,传输前置1产生起始信号
第4位:使能数据输出,传输前需置1
I2CDS寄存器:数据寄存器,发送前被发送的数据存放处,接收后结果也从此处读取
2.1 发送
void iic_write (unsigned char slave_addr, unsigned char addr, unsigned char data)
{
//从设备寻址
I2C5.I2CDS = slave_addr;
I2C5.I2CCON = 1<<7 | 1<<6 | 1<<5;/*ENABLE ACK BIT, PRESCALER:512, ,ENABLE RX/TX */
I2C5.I2CSTAT = 0x3 << 6 | 1<<5 | 1<<4;/*Master Trans mode ,START ,ENABLE RX/TX ,*/
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4)));
I2C5.I2CDS = addr;
I2C5.I2CCON &= ~(1<<4); //Clear pending bit to resume.
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4)));
//发送数据
I2C5.I2CDS = data; // Data
I2C5.I2CCON &= ~(1<<4); //Clear pending bit to resume.
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4)));
I2C5.I2CSTAT = 0xD0; //stop
I2C5.I2CCON &= ~(1<<4);//Clear pending bit to resume.
mydelay_ms(10);
}
2.2 接收
void iic_read(unsigned char slave_addr, unsigned char addr, unsigned char *data)
{
//从设备寻址
I2C5.I2CDS = slave_addr;
I2C5.I2CCON = 1<<7 | 1<<6 | 1<<5;/*ENABLE ACK BIT, PRESCALER:512, ENABLE RX/TX Interrupt-enable */
I2C5.I2CSTAT = 0x3 << 6 | 1<<5 | 1<<4;/*Master Trans mode ,START ,ENABLE RX/TX ,*/
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4))); /*对应位为1表示slave_addr传输完成,线路处于挂起状态*/
I2C5.I2CDS = addr;
I2C5.I2CCON &= ~(1<<4); //Clear pending bit to resume. 继续传输
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4)));
I2C5.I2CSTAT = 0xD0; //stop 第5位写0,表示要求产生stop信号
//接收数据
I2C5.I2CDS = slave_addr | 0x01; // Read
I2C5.I2CCON = 1<<7 | 1<<6 | 1<<5;/*ENABLE ACK BIT, PRESCALER:512, ENABLE RX/TX Interrupt-enable */
I2C5.I2CSTAT = 2<<6 | 1<<5 | 1<<4;/*Master receive mode ,START ,ENABLE RX/TX , 0xB0*/
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4)));
I2C5.I2CCON &= ~((1<<7) | (1<<4));/* Resume the operation & no ack*/
while(!(I2C5.I2CCON & (1<<4)));
I2C5.I2CSTAT = 0x90; //stop 第5位写0,表示要求产生stop信号
I2C5.I2CCON &= ~(1<<4); /*clean interrupt pending bit */
*data = I2C5.I2CDS;
mydelay_ms(10);
}
三、Linux内核对I2C总线的支持
I2C设备驱动: 即挂接在I2C总线上的二级外设的驱动,也称客户(client)驱动,实现对二级外设的各种操作,二级外设的几乎所有操作全部依赖于对其自身内部寄存器的读写,对这些二级外设寄存器的读写又依赖于I2C总线的发送和接收
I2C总线驱动: 即对I2C总线自身控制器的驱动,一般SOC芯片都会提供多个I2C总线控制器,每个I2C总线控制器提供一组I2C总线(SDA一根+SCL一根),每一组被称为一个I2C通道,Linux内核里将I2C总线控制器叫做适配器(adapter),适配器驱动主要工作就是提供通过本组I2C总线与二级外设进行数据传输的接口,每个二级外设驱动里必须能够获得其对应的adapter对象才能实现数据传输
I2C核心: 承上启下,为I2C设备驱动和I2C总线驱动开发提供接口,为I2C设备驱动层提供管理多个i2c_driver、i2c_client对象的数据结构,为I2C总线驱动层提供多个i2c_algorithm、i2c_adapter对象的数据结构
四大核心对象之间的关系图
i2c二级外设驱动开发涉及到核心结构体及其相关接口函数:
struct i2c_board_info {
char type[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
unsigned short flags;
unsigned short addr;
void *platform_data;
struct dev_archdata *archdata;
struct device_node *of_node;
int irq;
};
/*用来协助创建i2c_client对象
重要成员
type:用来初始化i2c_client结构中的name成员
flags:用来初始化i2c_client结构中的flags成员
addr:用来初始化i2c_client结构中的addr成员
platform_data:用来初始化i2c_client结构中的.dev.platform_data成员
archdata:用来初始化i2c_client结构中的.dev.archdata成员
irq:用来初始化i2c_client结构中的irq成员
关键就是记住该结构和i2c_client结构成员的对应关系。在i2c子系统不直接创建i2c_client结构,只是提供struct i2c_board_info结构信息,让子系统动态创建,并且注册。
*/
struct i2c_client {
unsigned short flags;
unsigned short addr;
char name[I2C_NAME_SIZE];
struct i2c_adapter *adapter;
struct i2c_driver *driver;
struct device dev;
int irq;
struct list_head detected;
};
/*重要成员:
flags:地址长度,如是10位还是7位地址,默认是7位地址。如果是10位地址器件,则设置为I2C_CLIENT_TEN
addr:具体I2C器件如(at24c02),设备地址,低7位
name:设备名,用于和i2c_driver层匹配使用的,可以和平台模型中的平台设备层platform_driver中的name作用是一样的。
adapter:本设备所绑定的适配器结构(CPU有很多I2C适配器,类似单片机有串口1、串口2等等,在linux中每个适配器都用一个结构描述)
driver:指向匹配的i2c_driver结构,不需要自己填充,匹配上后内核会完成这个赋值操作
dev:内嵌的设备模型,可以使用其中的platform_data成员传递给任何数据给i2c_driver使用。
irq:设备需要使用到中断时,把中断编号传递给i2c_driver进行注册中断,如果没有就不需要填充。(有的I2C器件有中断引脚编号,与CPU相连)
*/
/* 获得/释放 i2c_adapter 路径:i2c-core.c linux-3.5\drivers\i2c */
/*功能:通过i2c总线编号获得内核中的i2c_adapter结构地址,然后用户可以使用这个结构地址就可以给i2c_client结构使用,从而实现i2c_client进行总线绑定,从而增加适配器引用计数。
返回值:
NULL:没有找到指定总线编号适配器结构
非NULL:指定nr的适配器结构内存地址*/
struct i2c_adapter *i2c_get_adapter(int nr);
/*减少引用计数:当使用·i2c_get_adapter·后,需要使用该函数减少引用计数。(如果你的适配器驱动不需要卸载,可以不使用)*/
void i2c_put_adapter(struct i2c_adapter *adap);
/*
功能:根据参数adap,info,addr,addr_list动态创建i2c_client并且进行注册
参数:
adap:i2c_client所依附的适配器结构地址
info:i2c_client基本信息
addt_list: i2c_client的地址(地址定义形式是固定的,一般是定义一个数组,数组必须以I2C_CLIENT_END结束,示例:unsigned short ft5x0x_i2c[]={0x38,I2C_CLIENT_END};
probe:回调函数指针,当创建好i2c_client后,会调用该函数,一般没有什么特殊需求传递NULL。
返回值:
非NULL:创建成功,返回创建好的i2c_client结构地址
NULL:创建失败
*/
struct i2c_client * i2c_new_probed_device //不知道从设备地址了用他
(
struct i2c_adapter *adap,
struct i2c_board_info *info,
unsigned short const *addr_list,
int (*probe)(struct i2c_adapter *, unsigned short addr)
);
/*示例:
struct i2c_adapter *ad;
struct i2c_board_info info={""};
unsigned short addr_list[]={0x38,0x39,I2C_CLIENT_END};
//假设设备挂在i2c-2总线上
ad=i2c_get_adapter(2);
//自己填充board_info
strcpy(inf.type,"xxxxx");
info.flags=0;
//动态创建i2c_client并且注册
i2c_new_probed_device(ad,&info,addr_list,NULL);
i2c_put_adapter(ad);
*/
/*注销*/
void i2c_unregister_device(struct i2c_client *pclt)
struct i2c_client * i2c_new_device //知道从设备地址了用他
(
struct i2c_adapter *padap,
struct i2c_board_info const *pinfo
);
/*示例:
struct i2c_adapter *ad;
struct i2c_board_info info={
I2C_BOARD_INFO(name,二级外设地址)
};
//假设设备挂在i2c-2总线上
ad=i2c_get_adapter(2);
//动态创建i2c_client并且注册
i2c_new_device(ad,&info);
i2c_put_adapter(ad);
*/
struct i2c_driver {
unsigned int class;
/* Standard driver model interfaces */
int (*probe)(struct i2c_client *, const struct i2c_device_id *);
int (*remove)(struct i2c_client *);
/* driver model interfaces that don't relate to enumeration */
void (*shutdown)(struct i2c_client *);
int (*suspend)(struct i2c_client *, pm_message_t mesg);
int (*resume)(struct i2c_client *);
void (*alert)(struct i2c_client *, unsigned int data);
/* a ioctl like command that can be used to perform specific functions
* with the device.
*/
int (*command)(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned int cmd, void *arg);
struct device_driver driver;
const struct i2c_device_id *id_table;
/* Device detection callback for automatic device creation */
int (*detect)(struct i2c_client *, struct i2c_board_info *);
const unsigned short *address_list;
struct list_head clients;
};
/*重要成员:
probe:在i2c_client与i2c_driver匹配后执行该函数
remove:在取消i2c_client与i2c_driver匹配绑定后后执行该函数
driver:这个成员类型在平台设备驱动层中也有,而且使用其中的name成员来实现平台设备匹配,但是i2c子系统中不使用其中的name进行匹配,这也是i2c设备驱动模型和平台设备模型匹配方法的一点区别
id_table:用来实现i2c_client与i2c_driver匹配绑定,当i2c_client中的name成员和i2c_driver中id_table中name成员相同的时候,就匹配上了。
补充:i2c_client与i2c_driver匹配问题
- i2c_client中的name成员和i2c_driver中id_table中name成员相同的时候
- i2c_client指定的信息在物理上真实存放对应的硬件,并且工作是正常的才会绑定上,并执行其中的probe接口函数这第二点要求和平台模型匹配有区别,平台模型不要求设备层指定信息在物理上真实存在就能匹配
*/
/*功能:向内核注册一个i2c_driver对象
返回值:0成功,负数 失败*/
#define i2c_add_driver(driver) i2c_register_driver(THIS_MODULE, driver)
int i2c_register_driver(struct module *owner, struct i2c_driver *driver);
/*功能:从内核注销一个i2c_driver对象
返回值:无 */
void i2c_del_driver(struct i2c_driver *driver);
struct i2c_msg {
__u16 addr; /* slave address */
__u16 flags;
#define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010 /* this is a ten bit chip address */
#define I2C_M_RD 0x0001 /* read data, from slave to master */
__u16 len; /* msg length */
__u8 *buf; /* pointer to msg data */
};
/* 重要成员:
addr:要读写的二级外设地址
flags:表示地址的长度,读写功能。如果是10位地址必须设置I2C_M_TEN,如果是读操作必须设置有I2C_M_RD······,可以使用或运算合成。
buf:要读写的数据指针。写操作:数据源 读操作:指定存放数据的缓存区
len:读写数据的数据长度
*/
/*i2c收发一体化函数,收还是发由参数msgs的成员flags决定*/
int i2c_transfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msgs, int num)
/*
功能:根据msgs进行手法控制
参数:
adap:使用哪一个适配器发送信息,一般是取i2c_client结构中的adapter指针作为参数
msgs:具体发送消息指针,一般情况下是一个数组
num:表示前一个参数msgs数组有多少个消息要发送的
返回值:
负数:失败
> 0 表示成功发送i2c_msg数量
*/
/*I2C读取数据函数*/
int i2c_master_recv(const struct i2c_client *client, char *buf, int count)
/*功能:实现标准的I2C读时序,数据可以是N个数据,这个函数调用时候默认已经包含发送从机地址+读方向这一环节了
参数:
client:设备结构
buf:读取数据存放缓冲区
count:读取数据大小 不大于64k
返回值:
失败:负数
成功:成功读取的字节数
*/
/*I2C发送数据函数*/
int i2c_master_send(const struct i2c_client *client, const char *buf, int count)
/*功能:实现标准的I2C写时序,数据可以是N个数据,这个函数调用时候默认已经包含发送从机地址+写方向这一环节了
参数:
client:设备结构地址
buf:发送数据存放缓冲区
count:发送数据大小 不大于64k
返回值:
失败:负数
成功:成功发送的字节数
*/
四、MPU6050
三轴角速度+三轴加速度+温度传感器
#define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19 //陀螺仪采样率,典型值:0x07(125Hz)
#define CONFIG 0x1A //低通滤波频率,典型值:0x06(5Hz)
#define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B //陀螺仪自检及测量范围,典型值:0xF8(不自检,+/-2000deg/s)
#define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C //加速计自检、测量范围,典型值:0x19(不自检,+/-G)
#define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B
#define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
#define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
#define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
#define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41
#define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
#define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43
#define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
#define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
#define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
#define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
#define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
#define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B //电源管理,典型值:0x00(正常启用)
五、应用层直接使用I2C通道
5.1 预备工作:
5.1.1 exynos4412平台每个i2c通道的信息是通过设备树提供的,因此需要首先在exynos4412-fs4412.dts中增加5通道的节点:
不要忘记:
回内核源码顶层目录执行:make dtbs
将新生成的dtb拷贝到/tftpboot
5.1.2 i2c总线驱动层提供了一个字符设备驱动,以便于应用层可以直接通过它去使用i2c总线通讯去操作二级外设,但需要
内核编译时添加此字符设备驱动代码(i2c-dev.c),因此需要修改make menuconfig的配置:
不要忘记:
回内核源码顶层目录执行:make uImage
将新生成的uImage拷贝到/tftpboot
5.2 应用层直接使用i2c总线的代码实现
5.2.1 调用read、write实现接收、发送
main.c
#include "mpu6050.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd = -1;
if(argc < 2) //参数小于两个就是错误
{
printf("Argument is too few\n");
return 1;
}
/*open*/
fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR); //打开设备
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("open %s failed\n",argv[1]);
return 2;
}
/*init mpu6050*/
init_mpu6050(fd); //陀螺仪初始化函数
while(1)
{
sleep(2); //睡眠2s
/*read and print data from 6050*/
printf("Accel-X:0x%x\n",read_accelx(fd)); //读取加速度
printf("Accel-Y:0x%x\n",read_accely(fd));
printf("Accel-Z:0x%x\n",read_accelz(fd));
printf("Temp:0x%x\n",read_temp(fd));
printf("GYRO-X:0x%x\n",read_gyrox(fd));
printf("GYRO-Y:0x%x\n",read_gyroy(fd));
printf("GYRO-z:0x%x\n",read_gyroz(fd));
printf("\n");
}
/*close*/
close(fd); //关闭设备
fd = -1;
return 0;
}
mpu6050.c
#include "mpu6050.h"
//参数一:iic设备的文件描述符 参数二:要读取陀螺仪数据存放位置的地址 参数三:读取到的数据
static int read_data_from_mpu6050(int fd,unsigned char reg,unsigned char *pdata) //读取6050设备的数据
{
int ret = 0;
unsigned char buf[1] = {reg}; //将数据地址传给buf
ret = write(fd,buf,1); //4412通过iic向6050发送三段信号:6050设备地址+w、数据地址、6050设备地址+r。4412开启读数据
if(ret != 1)
{
printf("write reg failed,in read_data_from_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
buf[0] = 0; //将buf清零用于接收6050数据
ret = read(fd,buf,1); //将fd数据读取到buf。在Linux下一切设备皆文件
if(ret != 1)
{
printf("read data failed,in read_data_from_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
*pdata = buf[0]; //传给实参
return 0;
}
static int write_data_to_mpu6050(int fd,unsigned char reg,unsigned char data)
{
unsigned char buf[2] = {reg,data};
int ret = 0;
ret = write(fd,buf,2);
if(ret != 2)
{
printf("write data failed,in write_data_to_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int init_mpu6050(int fd)
{
int ret = 0;
ret = ioctl(fd,I2C_TENBIT,0); //用ioctl设置设备属性 这条是设置设备是否用10位地址,第三个参数写0就是不用10位地址
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("ioctl I2C_TENBIT failed,in init_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
ret = ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,0x68); //将mpu6050设备地址关联到程序
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("ioctl I2C_TENBIT failed,in init_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
ret = write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,PWR_MGMT_1,0x00);
ret += write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,SMPLRT_DIV,0x07);
ret += write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_CONFIG,0x19);
ret += write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_CONFIG,0xF8);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("write init data to mpu6050 failed,in init_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int read_accelx(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_XOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_XOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read accel x value failed,in read_accelx\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_accely(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_YOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_YOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read accel y value failed,in read_accely\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_accelz(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_ZOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,ACCEL_ZOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read accel z value failed,in read_accelz\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_temp(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,TEMP_OUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,TEMP_OUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read temp value failed,in read_temp\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_gyrox(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_XOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_XOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read gyro x value failed,in read_gyrox\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_gyroy(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_YOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_YOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read gyro y value failed,in read_gyroy\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_gyroz(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_ZOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,GYRO_ZOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read gyro z value failed,in read_gyroz\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
mpu6050.h
#ifndef MPU_6050_H
#define MPU_6050_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int init_mpu6050(int fd);
int read_accelx(int fd);
int read_accely(int fd);
int read_accelz(int fd);
int read_temp(int fd);
int read_gyrox(int fd);
int read_gyroy(int fd);
int read_gyroz(int fd);
#define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19
#define CONFIG 0x1A
#define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B
#define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C
#define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B
#define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
#define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
#define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
#define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41
#define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
#define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43
#define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
#define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
#define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
#define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
#define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
#define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B
#define I2C_SLAVE 0x0703 /* Use this slave address */
#define I2C_TENBIT 0x0704 /* 0 for 7 bit addrs, != 0 for 10 bit */
#endif
5.2.2 调用ioctl实现接收、发送
main.c
#include "mpu6050.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd = -1;
if(argc < 2)
{
printf("Argument is too few\n");
return 1;
}
/*open*/
fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("open %s failed\n",argv[1]);
return 2;
}
/*init mpu6050*/
init_mpu6050(fd);
while(1)
{
sleep(2);
/*read and print data from 6050*/
printf("Accel-X:0x%x\n",read_accelx(fd));
printf("Accel-Y:0x%x\n",read_accely(fd));
printf("Accel-Z:0x%x\n",read_accelz(fd));
printf("Temp:0x%x\n",read_temp(fd));
printf("GYRO-X:0x%x\n",read_gyrox(fd));
printf("GYRO-Y:0x%x\n",read_gyroy(fd));
printf("GYRO-z:0x%x\n",read_gyroz(fd));
printf("\n");
}
/*close*/
close(fd);
fd = -1;
return 0;
}
6050.c
#include "mpu6050.h"
static int read_data_from_mpu6050(int fd,unsigned char slave,unsigned char reg,unsigned char *pdata)
{
struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data work = {NULL};//
struct i2c_msg msgs[2] = {{0}}; //
unsigned char buf1[1] = {reg}; //初始化为寄存器编号
unsigned char buf2[1] = {0}; //收到的字节
int ret = 0;
work.msgs = msgs; //work.msgs指向msgs,将数组与iic关联起来
work.nmsgs = 2; //数组大小两个成员
//iic前两步 发送设备地址+写,发送数据地址
msgs[0].addr = slave; //附机地址
msgs[0].flags = 0; //写设备
msgs[0].buf = buf1;
msgs[0].len = 1; //buf1长度
//发送设备地址+读,后面就是主机接收数据
msgs[1].addr = slave;
msgs[1].flags = I2C_M_RD; //读设备
msgs[1].buf = buf2;
msgs[1].len = 1;
ret = ioctl(fd,I2C_RDWR,&work);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("ioctl I2C_RDWR failed,in read_data_from_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
*pdata = buf2[0]; //将读到的数据传给实参
return 0;
}
}
static int write_data_to_mpu6050(int fd,unsigned char slave,unsigned char reg,unsigned char data)
{
struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data work = {NULL};
struct i2c_msg msg = {0};
unsigned char buf[2] = {reg,data};
int ret = 0;
work.msgs = &msg;
work.nmsgs = 1;
msg.addr = slave;
msg.flags = 0;
msg.buf = buf;
msg.len = 2;
ret = ioctl(fd,I2C_RDWR,&work);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("ioctl I2C_RDWR failed,in write_data_to_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return 0;
}
}
int init_mpu6050(int fd)
{
int ret = 0;
ret = ioctl(fd,I2C_TENBIT,0);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("ioctl I2C_TENBIT failed,in init_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
ret = ioctl(fd,I2C_SLAVE,0x68);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("ioctl I2C_TENBIT failed,in init_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
ret = write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,0x68,PWR_MGMT_1,0x00);
ret += write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,0x68,SMPLRT_DIV,0x07);
ret += write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_CONFIG,0x19);
ret += write_data_to_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_CONFIG,0xF8);
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("write init data to mpu6050 failed,in init_mpu6050\n");
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
int read_accelx(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_XOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_XOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read accel x value failed,in read_accelx\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_accely(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_YOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_YOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read accel y value failed,in read_accely\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_accelz(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_ZOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,ACCEL_ZOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read accel z value failed,in read_accelz\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_temp(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,TEMP_OUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,TEMP_OUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read temp value failed,in read_temp\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_gyrox(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_XOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_XOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read gyro x value failed,in read_gyrox\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_gyroy(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_YOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_YOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read gyro y value failed,in read_gyroy\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
int read_gyroz(int fd)
{
unsigned short val = 0;
unsigned char d = 0;
int ret = 0;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_ZOUT_L,&d);
val = d;
ret = read_data_from_mpu6050(fd,0x68,GYRO_ZOUT_H,&d);
val |= d << 8;
if(ret < 0)
{
printf("read gyro z value failed,in read_gyroz\n");
return -1;
}
else
{
return val;
}
}
.h
#ifndef MPU_6050_H
#define MPU_6050_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
int init_mpu6050(int fd);
int read_accelx(int fd);
int read_accely(int fd);
int read_accelz(int fd);
int read_temp(int fd);
int read_gyrox(int fd);
int read_gyroy(int fd);
int read_gyroz(int fd);
#define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19
#define CONFIG 0x1A
#define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B
#define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C
#define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B
#define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
#define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
#define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
#define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41
#define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
#define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43
#define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
#define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
#define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
#define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
#define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
#define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B
#define I2C_SLAVE 0x0703 /* Use this slave address */
#define I2C_TENBIT 0x0704 /* 0 for 7 bit addrs, != 0 for 10 bit */
#define I2C_RDWR 0x0707 /* Combined R/W transfer (one STOP only) */
struct i2c_msg {
unsigned short addr; /* slave address */
unsigned short flags;
#define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010 /* this is a ten bit chip address */
#define I2C_M_RD 0x0001 /* read data, from slave to master */
unsigned short len; /* msg length */
unsigned char *buf; /* pointer to msg data */
};
/* This is the structure as used in the I2C_RDWR ioctl call */
struct i2c_rdwr_ioctl_data {
struct i2c_msg *msgs; /* pointers to i2c_msgs */
unsigned int nmsgs; /* number of i2c_msgs */
};
#endif
缺点:
需要应用程序开发人员查阅原理图和芯片手册,增加了他们的开发负担
开发出的应用程序缺乏可移植性
六、I2C总线二级外设驱动开发方法
查阅原理图以便得知二级外设挂在哪条I2C总线上、二级外设的身份标识(二级外设自身的地址)
参照platform样式搭建二级外设驱动框架
查询二级外设芯片手册以便得知驱动需要用到的寄存器地址
注意:
此处寄存器是指二级外设内部的寄存器,每个寄存器在芯片手册里有个对应编号(也被称为地址),但不是内存地址,特别提醒此寄存器不是SOC芯片内部参与内存统一编址的寄存器,更不是ARM核-CPU的寄存器
通过调用i2c_tranfer函数完成与相应寄存器的数据交互
参照字符驱动完成其余代码编写
创建对应的i2c_client对象
linux-3.14\Documentation\i2c\instantiating-devices
匹配方式:
名称匹配
设备树匹配
ACPI匹配
Advanced Configuration and Power Management Interface 高级配置和电源管理接口
PC机平台采用的一种硬件配置接口
i2c二级外设驱动框架:
//其它struct file_operations函数实现原理同硬编驱动
static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *pclt,const struct i2c_device_id *pid)
{
//做硬编驱动模块入口函数的活
}
static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *pclt)
{
//做硬编驱动模块出口函数的活
}
/*名称匹配时定义struct i2c_device_id数组*/
static struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_ids =
{
{"mpu6050",0},
//.....
{}
};
/*设备树匹配时定义struct of_device_id数组*/
static struct of_device_id mpu6050_dts =
{
{.compatible = "invensense,mpu6050"},
//....
{}
};
/*通过定义struct i2c_driver类型的全局变量来创建i2c_driver对象,同时对其主要成员进行初始化*/
struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver =
{
.driver = {
.name = "mpu6050",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.of_match_table = mpu6050_dts,
},
.probe = mpu6050_probe,
.remove = mpu6050_remove,
.id_table = mpu6050_ids,
};
/*以下其实是个宏,展开后相当于实现了模块入口函数和模块出口函数*/
module_i2c_driver(mpu6050_driver);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
七、I2C总线二级外设驱动开发之名称匹配
这种匹配方式需要自己创建i2c_client对象
创建i2c_client对象有三种方式:
i2c_register_board_info(很少用)
1.当开发板上电内核跑起来的时候,肯定是架构相关的程序首先运行,也就是mach-xxx.c
2. mach-xxx.c文件里首先会定义i2c_board_info的结构体数组,在mach-xxx.c的初始化函数里调用
i2c_register_board_info函数把i2c_board_inifo链接进内核的i2c_board_list链表当中去
3.在驱动i2c目录下和开发板板对应的驱动文件i2c-xxx.c里,创建i2c_adapter对象
4.这种方式严重依赖平台,缺乏灵活性,基本会被遗弃
i2c_new_device:明确二级外设地址的情况下可用
i2c二级外设client框架:
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
static struct i2c_board_info mpu6050_info =
{
I2C_BOARD_INFO("mpu6050",二级外设地址)
};
static struct i2c_client *mpu6050_client;
static int __init mpu6050_dev_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *padp = NULL;
padp = i2c_get_adapter(i2c通道编号);
mpu6050_client = i2c_new_device(padp,&mpu6050_info);
i2c_put_adapter(padp);
return 0;
}
module_init(mpu6050_dev_init);
static void __exit mpu6050_dev_exit(void)
{
i2c_unregister_device(mpu6050_client);
}
module_exit(mpu6050_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
i2c_new_probed_device
i2c二级外设client框架:不明确二级外设地址,但是知道是可能几个值之一的情况下可用
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
static const unsigned short addr_list[] =
{
0x68,
//.....
I2C_CLIENT_END
};
static struct i2c_client *mpu6050_client;
static int __init mpu6050_dev_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *padp = NULL;
struct i2c_board_info mpu6050_info = {""};
strcpy(mpu6050_info.type,"mpu6050");
padp = i2c_get_adapter(i2c通道编号);
mpu6050_client = i2c_new_probed_device(padp,&mpu6050_info,addr_list,NULL);
i2c_put_adapter(padp);
if(mpu6050_client != NULL)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -ENODEV;
}
}
module_init(mpu6050_dev_init);
static void __exit mpu6050_dev_exit(void)
{
i2c_unregister_device(mpu6050_client);
}
module_exit(mpu6050_dev_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
名称匹配iic驱动6050程序
driven.c
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include "mpu6050.h"
#define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19
#define CONFIG 0x1A
#define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B
#define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C
#define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B
#define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
#define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
#define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
#define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41
#define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
#define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43
#define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
#define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
#define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
#define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
#define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
#define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B
int major = 11;
int minor = 0;
int mpu6050_num = 1;
struct mpu6050_dev
{
struct cdev mydev;
struct i2c_client *pclt;
};
struct mpu6050_dev *pgmydev = NULL;
int mpu6050_read_byte(struct i2c_client *pclt,unsigned char reg) //向6050读数据
{
int ret = 0;
char txbuf[1] = {reg}; //发送数据数组 reg是6050的数据地址 pclt->addr是6050的设备地址
char rxbuf[1] = {0}; //接收数据数组
struct i2c_msg msg[2] =
{
{pclt->addr,0,1,txbuf}, //从机地址,发送,txbuf只有一个数据,要发送的数组
{pclt->addr,I2C_M_RD,1,rxbuf}
};
ret = i2c_transfer(pclt->adapter,msg,ARRAY_SIZE(msg)); //i2c收发一体化函数,收还是发由参数msg的成员flags决定
if(ret < 0)
{
printk("ret = %d,in mpu6050_read_byte\n",ret);
return ret;
}
return rxbuf[0]; //返回接收到的数据
}
int mpu6050_write_byte(struct i2c_client *pclt,unsigned char reg,unsigned char val) //向6050读写数据
{
int ret = 0;
char txbuf[2] = {reg,val};
struct i2c_msg msg[1] =
{
{pclt->addr,0,2,txbuf},
};
ret = i2c_transfer(pclt->adapter,msg,ARRAY_SIZE(msg));
if(ret < 0)
{
printk("ret = %d,in mpu6050_write_byte\n",ret);
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
int mpu6050_open(struct inode *pnode,struct file *pfile)
{
pfile->private_data =(void *) (container_of(pnode->i_cdev,struct mpu6050_dev,mydev));
return 0;
}
int mpu6050_close(struct inode *pnode,struct file *pfile)
{
return 0;
}
long mpu6050_ioctl(struct file *pfile,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg)
{
struct mpu6050_dev *pmydev = (struct mpu6050_dev *)pfile->private_data;
union mpu6050_data data;
switch(cmd)
{
case GET_ACCEL:
data.accel.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_XOUT_L);
data.accel.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_XOUT_H) << 8;
data.accel.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_YOUT_L);
data.accel.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_YOUT_H) << 8;
data.accel.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_ZOUT_L);
data.accel.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_ZOUT_H) << 8;
break;
case GET_GYRO:
data.gyro.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_XOUT_L);
data.gyro.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_XOUT_H) << 8;
data.gyro.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_YOUT_L);
data.gyro.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_YOUT_H) << 8;
data.gyro.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_ZOUT_L);
data.gyro.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_ZOUT_H) << 8;
break;
case GET_TEMP:
data.temp = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,TEMP_OUT_L);
data.temp = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,TEMP_OUT_H) << 8;
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
if(copy_to_user((void *)arg,&data,sizeof(data)))
{
return -EFAULT;
}
return sizeof(data);
}
void init_mpu6050(struct i2c_client *pclt)
{
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,PWR_MGMT_1,0x00);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,SMPLRT_DIV,0x07);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,CONFIG,0x06);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,GYRO_CONFIG,0xF8);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,ACCEL_CONFIG,0x19);
}
struct file_operations myops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = mpu6050_open,
.release = mpu6050_close,
.unlocked_ioctl = mpu6050_ioctl,
};
static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *pclt,const struct i2c_device_id *pid)
{
int ret = 0;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(major,minor);
/*申请设备号*/
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno,mpu6050_num,"mpu6050");
if(ret)
{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,mpu6050_num,"mpu6050");
if(ret)
{
printk("get devno failed\n");
return -1;
}
major = MAJOR(devno);//容易遗漏,注意
}
pgmydev = (struct mpu6050_dev *)kmalloc(sizeof(struct mpu6050_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
if(NULL == pgmydev)
{
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,mpu6050_num);
printk("kmalloc failed\n");
return -1;
}
memset(pgmydev,0,sizeof(struct mpu6050_dev));
pgmydev->pclt = pclt;
/*给struct cdev对象指定操作函数集*/
cdev_init(&pgmydev->mydev,&myops);
/*将struct cdev对象添加到内核对应的数据结构里*/
pgmydev->mydev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev_add(&pgmydev->mydev,devno,mpu6050_num);
init_mpu6050(pgmydev->pclt);
return 0;
}
static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *pclt)
{
dev_t devno = MKDEV(major,minor);
cdev_del(&pgmydev->mydev);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,mpu6050_num);
kfree(pgmydev);
pgmydev = NULL;
return 0;
}
struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_ids[] =
{
{"mpu6050",0},
{}
};
struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver =
{
.driver = {
.name = "mpu6050",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
.probe = mpu6050_probe,
.remove = mpu6050_remove,
.id_table = mpu6050_ids,
};
#if 0
int __init mpu6050_driver_init(void)
{
i2c_add_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
}
void __exit mpu6050_driver_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
}
module_init(mpu6050_driver_init);
module_exit(mpu6050_driver_exit);
#else
module_i2c_driver(mpu6050_driver);
#endif
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
mpu6050.h
#ifndef MPU_6050_H
#define MPU_6050_H
struct accel_data
{
unsigned short x;
unsigned short y;
unsigned short z;
};
struct gyro_data
{
unsigned short x;
unsigned short y;
unsigned short z;
};
union mpu6050_data
{
struct accel_data accel;
struct gyro_data gyro;
unsigned short temp;
};
#define MPU6050_MAGIC 'K'
#define GET_ACCEL _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC,0,union mpu6050_data)
#define GET_GYRO _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC,1,union mpu6050_data)
#define GET_TEMP _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC,2,union mpu6050_data)
#endif
mpu6050clinet.c
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
static struct i2c_board_info mpu6050_info =
{
I2C_BOARD_INFO("mpu6050",0x68)
};
static struct i2c_client *gpmpu6050_client = NULL;
static int __init mpu6050_client_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *padp = NULL;
padp = i2c_get_adapter(5);
gpmpu6050_client = i2c_new_device(padp,&mpu6050_info); //有设备地址时调用这个
i2c_put_adapter(padp);
return 0;
}
static void mpu6050_client_exit(void)
{
i2c_unregister_device(gpmpu6050_client);
}
module_init(mpu6050_client_init);
module_exit(mpu6050_client_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
app
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "mpu6050.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd = -1;
union mpu6050_data data;
if(argc < 2)
{
printf("The argument is too few\n");
return 1;
}
fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("open %s failed \n",argv[1]);
return 2;
}
while(1)
{
sleep(2);
ioctl(fd,GET_ACCEL,&data);
printf("Accel-x=0x%x\n",data.accel.x);
printf("Accel-y=0x%x\n",data.accel.y);
printf("Accel-z=0x%x\n",data.accel.z);
ioctl(fd,GET_GYRO,&data);
printf("Gyro-x=0x%x\n",data.gyro.x);
printf("Gyro-y=0x%x\n",data.gyro.y);
printf("Gyro-z=0x%x\n",data.gyro.z);
ioctl(fd,GET_TEMP,&data);
printf("Temp=0x%x\n",data.temp);
printf("\n");
}
close(fd);
fd = -1;
return 0;
}
与上文mpu6050clinet.c只用一个这个是iic设备地址不知道时候用这个
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
static unsigned short mpu6050_addr_list[] =
{
0x68,
0x69,
I2C_CLIENT_END
};
static struct i2c_client *gpmpu6050_client = NULL;
static int __init mpu6050_client_init(void)
{
struct i2c_adapter *padp = NULL;
struct i2c_board_info mpu6050_info = {""};
strcpy(mpu6050_info.type,"mpu6050");
padp = i2c_get_adapter(5);
gpmpu6050_client = i2c_new_probed_device(padp,&mpu6050_info,mpu6050_addr_list,NULL);
i2c_put_adapter(padp);
if(gpmpu6050_client != NULL)
{
return 0;
}
else
{
return -ENODEV;
}
}
static void mpu6050_client_exit(void)
{
i2c_unregister_device(gpmpu6050_client);
}
module_init(mpu6050_client_init);
module_exit(mpu6050_client_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
八、I2C总线二级外设驱动开发之设备树匹配
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/i2c.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/io.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include <asm/atomic.h>
#include "mpu6050.h"
#define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19
#define CONFIG 0x1A
#define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B
#define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C
#define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B
#define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
#define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
#define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
#define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
#define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41
#define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
#define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43
#define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
#define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
#define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
#define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
#define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
#define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B
int major = 11;
int minor = 0;
int mpu6050_num = 1;
struct mpu6050_dev
{
struct cdev mydev;
struct i2c_client *pclt; //
};
struct mpu6050_dev *pgmydev = NULL;
int mpu6050_read_byte(struct i2c_client *pclt,unsigned char reg)
{
int ret = 0;
char txbuf[1] = {reg};
char rxbuf[1] = {0};
struct i2c_msg msg[2] =
{
{pclt->addr,0,1,txbuf},
{pclt->addr,I2C_M_RD,1,rxbuf}
};
ret = i2c_transfer(pclt->adapter,msg,ARRAY_SIZE(msg));
if(ret < 0)
{
printk("ret = %d,in mpu6050_read_byte\n",ret);
return ret;
}
return rxbuf[0];
}
int mpu6050_write_byte(struct i2c_client *pclt,unsigned char reg,unsigned char val)
{
int ret = 0;
char txbuf[2] = {reg,val};
struct i2c_msg msg[1] =
{
{pclt->addr,0,2,txbuf},
};
ret = i2c_transfer(pclt->adapter,msg,ARRAY_SIZE(msg));
if(ret < 0)
{
printk("ret = %d,in mpu6050_write_byte\n",ret);
return ret;
}
return 0;
}
int mpu6050_open(struct inode *pnode,struct file *pfile)
{
pfile->private_data =(void *) (container_of(pnode->i_cdev,struct mpu6050_dev,mydev));
return 0;
}
int mpu6050_close(struct inode *pnode,struct file *pfile)
{
return 0;
}
long mpu6050_ioctl(struct file *pfile,unsigned int cmd,unsigned long arg)
{
struct mpu6050_dev *pmydev = (struct mpu6050_dev *)pfile->private_data;
union mpu6050_data data;
switch(cmd)
{
case GET_ACCEL:
data.accel.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_XOUT_L);
data.accel.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_XOUT_H) << 8;
data.accel.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_YOUT_L);
data.accel.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_YOUT_H) << 8;
data.accel.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_ZOUT_L);
data.accel.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,ACCEL_ZOUT_H) << 8;
break;
case GET_GYRO:
data.gyro.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_XOUT_L);
data.gyro.x = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_XOUT_H) << 8;
data.gyro.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_YOUT_L);
data.gyro.y = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_YOUT_H) << 8;
data.gyro.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_ZOUT_L);
data.gyro.z = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,GYRO_ZOUT_H) << 8;
break;
case GET_TEMP:
data.temp = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,TEMP_OUT_L);
data.temp = mpu6050_read_byte(pmydev->pclt,TEMP_OUT_H) << 8;
break;
default:
return -EINVAL;
}
if(copy_to_user((void *)arg,&data,sizeof(data)))
{
return -EFAULT;
}
return sizeof(data);
}
void init_mpu6050(struct i2c_client *pclt)
{
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,PWR_MGMT_1,0x00);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,SMPLRT_DIV,0x07);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,CONFIG,0x06);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,GYRO_CONFIG,0xF8);
mpu6050_write_byte(pclt,ACCEL_CONFIG,0x19);
}
struct file_operations myops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.open = mpu6050_open,
.release = mpu6050_close,
.unlocked_ioctl = mpu6050_ioctl,
};
static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *pclt,const struct i2c_device_id *pid)
{
int ret = 0;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(major,minor);
/*申请设备号*/
ret = register_chrdev_region(devno,mpu6050_num,"mpu6050");
if(ret)
{
ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno,minor,mpu6050_num,"mpu6050");
if(ret)
{
printk("get devno failed\n");
return -1;
}
major = MAJOR(devno);//容易遗漏,注意
}
pgmydev = (struct mpu6050_dev *)kmalloc(sizeof(struct mpu6050_dev),GFP_KERNEL);
if(NULL == pgmydev)
{
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,mpu6050_num);
printk("kmalloc failed\n");
return -1;
}
memset(pgmydev,0,sizeof(struct mpu6050_dev));
pgmydev->pclt = pclt;
/*给struct cdev对象指定操作函数集*/
cdev_init(&pgmydev->mydev,&myops);
/*将struct cdev对象添加到内核对应的数据结构里*/
pgmydev->mydev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
cdev_add(&pgmydev->mydev,devno,mpu6050_num);
init_mpu6050(pgmydev->pclt);
return 0;
}
static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *pclt)
{
dev_t devno = MKDEV(major,minor);
cdev_del(&pgmydev->mydev);
unregister_chrdev_region(devno,mpu6050_num);
kfree(pgmydev);
pgmydev = NULL;
return 0;
}
struct of_device_id mpu6050_dt[] =
{
{.compatible = "invensense,mpu6050"}, //名称要与设备树节点一样
{}
};
struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_ids[] =
{
{"mpu6050",0},
{}
};
struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver =
{
.driver = {
.name = "mpu6050",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.of_match_table = mpu6050_dt, //设备树匹配
},
.probe = mpu6050_probe,
.remove = mpu6050_remove,
.id_table = mpu6050_ids,
};
#if 0
int __init mpu6050_driver_init(void)
{
i2c_add_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
}
void __exit mpu6050_driver_exit(void)
{
i2c_del_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
}
module_init(mpu6050_driver_init);
module_exit(mpu6050_driver_exit);
#else
module_i2c_driver(mpu6050_driver);
#endif
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
#ifndef MPU_6050_H
#define MPU_6050_H
struct accel_data
{
unsigned short x;
unsigned short y;
unsigned short z;
};
struct gyro_data
{
unsigned short x;
unsigned short y;
unsigned short z;
};
union mpu6050_data
{
struct accel_data accel;
struct gyro_data gyro;
unsigned short temp;
};
#define MPU6050_MAGIC 'K'
#define GET_ACCEL _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC,0,union mpu6050_data)
#define GET_GYRO _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC,1,union mpu6050_data)
#define GET_TEMP _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC,2,union mpu6050_data)
#endif
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "mpu6050.h"
int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
int fd = -1;
union mpu6050_data data;
if(argc < 2)
{
printf("The argument is too few\n");
return 1;
}
fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("open %s failed \n",argv[1]);
return 2;
}
while(1)
{
sleep(2);
ioctl(fd,GET_ACCEL,&data);
printf("Accel-x=0x%x\n",data.accel.x);
printf("Accel-y=0x%x\n",data.accel.y);
printf("Accel-z=0x%x\n",data.accel.z);
ioctl(fd,GET_GYRO,&data);
printf("Gyro-x=0x%x\n",data.gyro.x);
printf("Gyro-y=0x%x\n",data.gyro.y);
printf("Gyro-z=0x%x\n",data.gyro.z);
ioctl(fd,GET_TEMP,&data);
printf("Temp=0x%x\n",data.temp);
printf("\n");
}
close(fd);
fd = -1;
return 0;
}
标签:i2c,struct,int,总线,mpu6050,read,驱动,I2C,data From: https://www.cnblogs.com/kn-zheng/p/17066470.html