在线问诊 Python、FastAPI、Neo4j — 构建问题分类器

• 构建字典数据
• 构建 Trie 字典树
• 按实体组装字典
• 问题分析

构建字典数据

将构建的知识图片字典化， 用于后面对问题的解析，下图为症状的字典，其它字典同理

构建 Trie 字典树

将建字典数据，组装集合

cur_dir = '/'.join(os.path.abspath(__file__).split('/')[:-1])
# 　特征词路径
self.disease_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, '../dict/disease.txt')
self.check_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, '../dict/examine.txt')
self.drug_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, '../dict/drug.txt')
self.food_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, '../dict/food.txt')
self.symptom_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, '../dict/symptom.txt')
self.deny_path = os.path.join(cur_dir, '../dict/deny.txt')
# 加载数据
self.disease_wds = [i.strip() for i in open(self.disease_path, encoding="utf-8") if i.strip()]   # ['干眼', '右膝髌上囊及关节腔少量积液']
self.check_wds = [i.strip() for i in open(self.check_path, encoding="utf-8") if i.strip()]  # ['膝关节核磁', '视力', '砂眼', '辨色力', '角膜', '眼底']
self.drug_wds = [i.strip() for i in open(self.drug_path, encoding="utf-8") if i.strip()]
self.food_wds = [i.strip() for i in open(self.food_path, encoding="utf-8") if i.strip()]
self.symptom_wds = [i.strip() for i in open(self.symptom_path, encoding="utf-8") if i.strip()] # ['畏光','干涩','看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚']

# 读出所有 dict 里面的字典数据，并拼接成一个大而全的 集合
# ['干眼', '右膝髌上囊及关节腔少量积液','膝关节核磁', '视力', '砂眼', '辨色力', '角膜', '眼底','畏光','干涩','看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚']
self.region_words = set(self.disease_wds + self.check_wds + self.drug_wds + self.food_wds + self.symptom_wds)

构建 Trie 字典树
Trie字典树：https://www.cnblogs.com/vipsoft/p/17722820.html
Aho-Corasick 算法 AC自动机实现：https://www.cnblogs.com/vipsoft/p/17722761.html

# 目的是为了将来对用户提的问题，进行关键词快速提取
def build_actree(self, word_list):
    """
    构造actree，加速过滤
    :param word_list:
    :return:
    """
    actree = ahocorasick.Automaton()
    for index, word in enumerate(word_list):
        actree.add_word(word, (index, word))  # 向trie树中添加单词
    actree.make_automaton()
    return actree

按实体组装字典

# 将 ['干眼', '右膝髌上囊及关节腔少量积液','膝关节核磁', '视力', '砂眼', '辨色力', '角膜', '眼底']，进行分类，组装成不同类型的字典
def build_wdtype_dict(self):
    """
    构造词对应的类型
    :return:
    """
    wd_dict = dict()
    for wd in self.region_words:
        wd_dict[wd] = []
        if wd in self.disease_wds:
            wd_dict[wd].append('disease')
        if wd in self.check_wds:
            wd_dict[wd].append('check')
        if wd in self.drug_wds:
            wd_dict[wd].append('drug')
        if wd in self.food_wds:
            wd_dict[wd].append('food')
        if wd in self.symptom_wds:
            wd_dict[wd].append('symptom')
    return wd_dict

问题分析

通过AC算法，过滤关键词

# "请问最近看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚是怎么回事"
def check_medical(self, question):
    """
    问句过滤
    :param question:
    :return:
    """
    region_wds = []
    for i in self.region_tree.iter(question):  # 从问题中，找出关键词
        wd = i[1][1]  # 看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚
        region_wds.append(wd)
    stop_wds = []
    for wd1 in region_wds:
        for wd2 in region_wds:
            if wd1 in wd2 and wd1 != wd2:
                stop_wds.append(wd1)
    final_wds = [i for i in region_wds if i not in stop_wds]  # '看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚'
    medical_dict = {i: self.wdtype_dict.get(i) for i in final_wds}  # {'看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚': ['symptom']}
    return medical_dict

解析出问题的类型

data['args'] = medical_dict
# 若没有查到相关的外部查询信息，那么则将该疾病的描述信息返回
if question_types == [] and 'symptom' in types:
   question_types = ['symptom_disease']
# 将多个分类结果进行合并处理，组装成一个字典
data['question_types'] = question_types

输出字典

question = "请问最近看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚是怎么回事"
# 最终输出
data = {'args': {'看东西有时候清楚有时候不清楚': ['symptom']}, 'question_types': ['symptom_disease']}