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React 全家桶-React基础

时间:2022-11-06 19:44:16浏览次数:82  
标签:return log render 全家 基础 React 组件 console

React 全家桶-React基础

用于构建用户界面的JavaScript库

facebook开源组件化声明式编码React Native移动端开发虚拟DOM+Diffing算法

官网:https://react.docschina.org/

第一章:React的基本使用

1.相关js库

  • react.js:React核心库
  • React-dom.js:提供操作DOM的react扩展库
  • Babel.min.js:解析JSX语法代码转为JS代码的库
    • ES6转ES5

2.创建虚拟DOM的两种方式

  • JSX
  • JS

3.JSX

React定义的一种类似于XML的JS扩展语法:JS + XML

它最终产生的结果不是字符串,也不是HTML/XML标签,而是一个JS对象

语法规则:

  • 标签中混入JS表达式要用{}

    • 表达式:一个表达式会返回一个值,而代码块不一定有值返回

  • 样式的类名指定不要用class属性名,用className

  • 内联样式,要用style={{key: value}}的形式去写

  • 只能有一个根标签

  • 标签必须闭合

  • JSX标签转换规则

    • 若小写字母开头,则将该标签转换为html中同名元素,若html中无该标签对应的同名元素,则报错
    • 若大写开头,则渲染对应的组件,若组件未曾定义,则报错

4.模块化与组件化

模块:向外提供特定功能的js程序,一般是一个js文件

组件:实现局部功能效果的代码和资源的集合

第二章:React面向组件编程

1.基本理解和使用

1.1 React开发者工具

React Developer Tools 浏览器插件

1.2 效果

函数式组件

<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        // 1. 创建函数式组件
        function Demo () {
            console.log(this) // 此处的this是undefined,因为babel编译后开启了严格模式
            return <h2>用函数定义的组件</h2>
        }

        // 2. 渲染组件到页面
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
        /*
            渲染步骤:
            1. React解析组件标签,找到了了Demo组件
            2. 发现组件是使用函数定义的。随后调用该函数,将返回的虚拟DOM转为真实DOM,随后呈现在页面上
        */
    </script>    
</body>

类式组件

<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        // 1. 创建类式组件
        class MyComponent extends React.Component {
            render () {
                console.log(this)
                return <h2>用类定义的组件,适用于复杂组件的定义</h2>
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<MyComponent/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
        /*
            渲染步骤:
            1. React解析组件标签,找到了了 MyComponent 组件
            2. 发现组件是使用类定义的。随后new出该类的实例,并通过该实例调用原型上的render方法,将返回的虚拟DOM转为真实DOM,随后呈现在页面上
        */
    </script>    
</body>

2.组件三大核心属性

2.1 state

<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Weather extends React.Component {
            state = {
                isHot: false
            }
            render () {
                const {isHot} = this.state
                return <h2 onClick={this.changeWeather}>天气:{isHot ? '热' : '凉' },风速:{isHot ? '一级' : '二级' }</h2>
            }
            // 自定义方法,要用赋值语句+箭头函数(箭头函数没有自己的this)
            changeWeather = () => {
                this.state.isHot = !this.state.isHot
                this.setState(this.state)
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Weather/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>

2.2 props

类式组件使用props
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Person extends React.Component {

            // 构造器是否接收props,是否传递给super?问题取决于:是否希望在构造器中通过this访问props
            constructor(props) {
                super(props)
                console.log('c', this.props)
            }

            // 对标签属性进行类型、必要性的限制
            static propTypes = {
                name: PropTypes.string.isRequired
            }
            
            // 指定默认值
            static defaultProps = {
                sex: '未知'
            }

            render () {
                const {name, age, sex} = this.props
                return (
                    <ul>
                        <li>姓名:{name}</li>    
                        <li>性别:{sex}</li>    
                        <li>年龄:{age}</li>    
                    </ul>
                )
            }
        }
        
        
        const p = {name: '逾期', age: 18, sex: '女'}
        ReactDOM.render(<Person {...p}/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
函数式组件使用props
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        
        function Person (props) {
            const {name, sex, age} = props
            return (
                    <ul>
                        <li>姓名:{name}</li>    
                        <li>性别:{sex}</li>    
                        <li>年龄:{age}</li>    
                    </ul>
                )
        }

        // 对标签属性进行类型、必要性的限制
        Person.propTypes = {
            name: PropTypes.string.isRequired
        }
        
        // 指定默认值
        Person.defaultProps = {
            sex: '未知'
        }
        
        const p = {name: '逾期', age: 18, sex: '女'}
        ReactDOM.render(<Person {...p}/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>

2.3 refs与事件处理

组件内的标签可以定义ref属性来标识自己

2.3.1 字符串形式的refs
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Demo extends React.Component {
            showData = () => {
                const {input1} = this.refs
                alert(input1.value)
            }
            showData2 = () => {
                const {input2} = this.refs
                alert(input2.value)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <div>
                        <input ref="input1" type="text" placeholder="点击按钮提示数据"/>
                        <button onClick={this.showData}>点我提示左侧数据</button>
                        <input ref="input2" onBlur={this.showData2} type="text" placeholder="失去焦点提示数据"/>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
2.3.2 回调函数形式的refs
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Demo extends React.Component {
            showData = () => {
                const {input1} = this
                alert(input1.value)
            }
            showData2 = () => {
                const {input2} = this
                alert(input2.value)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <div>
                        <input ref={c => this.input1 = c} type="text" placeholder="点击按钮提示数据"/>
                        <button onClick={this.showData}>点我提示左侧数据</button>
                        <input onBlur={this.showData2} ref={c => this.input2 = c} type="text" placeholder="失去焦点提示数据"/>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
2.3.3 createRef
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Demo extends React.Component {
            myRef = React.createRef()
            showData = () => {
                console.log(this.myRef)
                alert(this.myRef.current.value)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <div>
                        <input ref={this.myRef} type="text" placeholder="点击按钮提示数据"/>
                        <button onClick={this.showData}>点我提示左侧数据</button>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
2.3.4 事件处理

image-20221020005016547

2.4 收集表单数据

2.4.1 受控组件
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Demo extends React.Component {
            state = {
                username: '',
                password: ''
            }
            saveUsername = (e) => {
                this.setState({username: e.target.value})
            }
            savePassword = (e) => {
                this.setState({password: e.target.value})
            }
            handleSubmit = (e) => {
                e.preventDefault() // 阻止form表单提交事件
                const {username, password} = this.state
                alert(`username: ${username.value}, password: ${password.value}`)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
                        用户名:<input onChange={this.saveUsername} type="text" name="username"/>
                        密  码:<input onChange={this.savePassword} type="text" placeholder="password"/>
                        <button>login</button>
                    </form>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
2.4.2 非受控组件
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Demo extends React.Component {
            handleSubmit = (e) => {
                e.preventDefault() // 阻止form表单提交事件
                const {username, password} = this
                alert(`username: ${username.value}, password: ${password.value}`)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
                        用户名:<input ref={c => this.username = c} type="text" name="username"/>
                        密  码:<input ref={c => this.password = c} type="text" placeholder="password"/>
                        <button>login</button>
                    </form>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
2.4.3 函数的柯里化
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Demo extends React.Component {
            state = {
                username: '',
                password: ''
            }
        		/**
             * 高阶函数:如果一个函数符合下面两个规范中的任一,那该函数就是高阶函数
             * 1. 若A函数接收的参数是一个函数,那么A就可以称之为高阶函数
             * 2. 若A函数调用的返回值依然是一个函数,那么A就可以称之为高阶函数
             * 函数的柯里化:通过函数调用继续返回函数的方式,实现多次接收参数,最后统一处理的函数编码形式
             */
            saveFormData = (dataType) => {
                return (e) => {
                    return this.setState({[dataType]: e.target.value})
                }
            }
            handleSubmit = (e) => {
                e.preventDefault() // 阻止form表单提交事件
                const {username, password} = this.state
                alert(`username: ${username.value}, password: ${password.value}`)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <form onSubmit={this.handleSubmit}>
                        用户名:<input onChange={this.saveFormData('username')} type="text" name="username"/>
                        密  码:<input onChange={this.saveFormData('password')} type="text" placeholder="password"/>
                        <button>login</button>
                    </form>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Demo/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>

2.5 组件生命周期

2.5.1 旧版生命周期
image-20221022113756797
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react/16.4.0/umd/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/react-dom/16.4.0/umd/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="https://cdn.staticfile.org/babel-standalone/6.26.0/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Count extends React.Component {

            constructor(props) {
                console.log('Count-constructor')
                super(props)
                this.state = {
                    count: 0
                }
            }
            add = () => {
                const {count} = this.state
                this.setState({
                    count: count+1
                })
            }
            death = () => {
                ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(document.getElementById('ctx'))
            }
            force = () => {
                this.forceUpdate()
            }
            componentWillMount() {
                console.log('Count-componentWillMount')
            }
            componentDidMount() {
                console.log('Count-componentDidMount')
            }
            shouldComponentUpdate() {
                console.log('Count-shouldComponentUpdate')
                return false
            }
            componentWillUpdate() {
                console.log('Count-componentWillUpdate')
            }
            componentDidUpdate() {
                console.log('Count-componentDidUpdate')
            }
            componentWillUnmount() {
                console.log('Count-componentWillUnmount')
            }
            
            render() {
                console.log('Count-render')
                const {count} = this.state
                return (
                    <div>
                        <h2>当前求和为: {count}</h2>
                        <button onClick={this.add}>点我+1</button>
                        <button onClick={this.death}>卸载组件</button>
                        <button onClick={this.force}>强制更新</button>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        
        // 父组件A
        class A extends React.Component {
            state = {
                carName: '奔驰'
            }
            changeCar = () => {
                this.setState({carName: '奥迪'})
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <div>
                        <div>A component</div>
                        <button onClick={this.changeCar}>换车</button>
                        <B carName={this.state.carName}/>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        // 子组件B
        class B extends React.Component {
            // 第一次渲染不会调用这个钩子
            componentWillReceiveProps(props) {
                console.log('B-componentWillReceiveProps', props)
            }
            render() {
                return (
                    <div>
                        <div>B component: carName={this.props.carName}</div>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        // ReactDOM.render(<Count/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
        ReactDOM.render(<A/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>
2.5.2 新版生命周期
image-20221023140121313
<body>
    <div id="ctx"></div>
    <script src="../newjs/react.development.js"></script>
    <script src="../newjs/react-dom.development.js"></script>
    <script src="../js/babel.min.js"></script>
    <!-- 引入prop-types,用于对组件标签进行限制 -->
    <script src="../js/prop-types.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
    <script type="text/babel">
        class Count extends React.Component {

            constructor(props) {
                console.log('Count-constructor')
                super(props)
                this.state = {
                    count: 0
                }
            }
            add = () => {
                const {count} = this.state
                this.setState({
                    count: count+1
                })
            }
            death = () => {
                ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(document.getElementById('ctx'))
            }
            force = () => {
                this.forceUpdate()
            }
            // 在更新之前获取快照,方法返回值将会作为参数传递给componentDidUpdate钩子
            getSnapshotBeforeUpdate () {
                console.log('getSnapshotBeforeUpdate')
                return 'liergou'
            }
            // getDerivedStateFromProps方法的返回值会作为state的值
            static getDerivedStateFromProps (props, state) {
                console.log('getDeriverdStateFromProps', props, state)
                return null
            }
            componentDidMount() {
                console.log('Count-componentDidMount')
            }
            shouldComponentUpdate() {
                console.log('Count-shouldComponentUpdate')
                return true
            }
            componentDidUpdate(preProps, preState, snapshotValue) {
                console.log('Count-componentDidUpdate', preProps, preState, snapshotValue)
            }
            componentWillUnmount() {
                console.log('Count-componentWillUnmount')
            }
            
            render() {
                console.log('Count-render')
                const {count} = this.state
                return (
                    <div>
                        <h2>当前求和为: {count}</h2>
                        <button onClick={this.add}>点我+1</button>
                        <button onClick={this.death}>卸载组件</button>
                        <button onClick={this.force}>强制更新</button>
                    </div>
                )
            }
        }
        ReactDOM.render(<Count age={88}/>, document.getElementById('ctx'))
    </script>    
</body>

2.6 虚拟DOM与DOM Diff算法

https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000012921279

第三章:React应用(基于React脚手架)

第四章:React ajax

第五章:React-router

第六章:React UI 组件库

第七章:Redux

标签:return,log,render,全家,基础,React,组件,console
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/bwqueen/p/16863566.html

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