task 1
1 // 标准库string, vector, array基础用法
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <vector>
5 #include <array>
6 // 函数模板
7 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
8 template<typename T>
9 void output1(const T &obj) {
10 for(auto i: obj)
11 std::cout << i << ", ";
12 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
13 }
14 // 函数模板
15 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
16 template<typename T>
17 void output2(const T &obj) {
18 for(auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
19 std::cout << *p << ", ";
20 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
21 }
22 // array模板类基础用法
23 void test_array() {
24 using namespace std;
25 array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象，包含5个int元素，未初始化
26 cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
27 x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充
28 x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999
29 x1[4] = -999; // 把下表为4的元素值修改为-999
30 cout << "x1: ";
31 output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
32 cout << "x1: ";
33 output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
34
35 array<int,5> x2{x1};
36 cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl;
37 x2.fill(22);
38 cout << "x2: ";
39 output1(x2);
40 swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1, x2
41 cout << "x1: ";
42 output1(x1);
43 cout << "x2: ";
44 output1(x2);
45 }
46 // vector模板类基础用法
47 void test_vector() {
48 using namespace std;
49 vector<int> v1;
50 cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数
51 cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数
52 v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素
53 cout << "v1: ";
54 output1(v1);
55 vector<int> v2 {1, 0, 5, 2};
56 v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素
57 v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项
58 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入
59 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入
60 cout << v2.size() << endl;
61 cout << "v2: ";
62 output2(v2);
63 vector<int> v3(5, 42); //创建vector对象，包含5个元素，每个元素值都是42
64 cout << "v3: ";
65 output1(v3);
66 vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end()-2); // 创建vector对象，以v3对象的[v3.begin(), v3.end()-2)区间作为元素值
67 cout << "v4: ";
68 output1(v4);
69 }
70 // string类基础用法
71 void test_string() {
72 using namespace std;
73 string s1{"oop"};
74 cout << s1.size() << endl;
75 for(auto &i: s1)
76 i -= 32;
77 s1 += "2023";
78 s1.append(", hello");
79 cout << s1 << endl;
80 }
81 int main() {
82 using namespace std;
83 cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
84 test_array();
85 cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
86 test_vector();
87 cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
88 test_string();
89 }
task2
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3 // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex
4 void test_std_complex() {
5 using namespace std;
6 complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{4.5};
7 const complex<double> c3{c2};
8 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
9 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
10 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
11 cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag()
12 << endl;
13 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
14 cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
15 cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库数学函数，对复数取模
16 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
17 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
18 cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl;
19 complex<double> c4 = 2;
20 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
21 c4 += c1;
22 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
23 }
24 int main() {
25 test_std_complex();
26 }
task3
1 // 一个简单的类T：定义、使用
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 using namespace std;
5 // 类T的声明
6 class T {
7 public:
8 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 带有默认形值的构造函数
9 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
10 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
11 ~T(); // 析构函数
12 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1
13 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1
14 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2
15 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息
16 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19 public:
20 static void disply_count(); // 类方法，显示当前T类对象数目
21 public:
22 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述T类
23 static const int max_count; // 类属性，用于描述T类对象的上限
24 private:
25 static int count; // 类属性，用于描述当前T类对象数目
26 };
27 // 类的static数据成员：类外初始化
28 const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
29 const int T::max_count = 99;
30 int T::count = 0;
31 // 类T的实现
32 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
33 ++count;
34 cout << "constructor called.\n";
35 }
36 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
37 ++count;
38 cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
39 }
40 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
41 ++count;
42 cout << "move constructor called.\n";
43 }
44 T::~T() {
45 --count;
46 cout << "destructor called.\n";
47 }
48 void T::set_m1(int x) {
49 m1 = x;
50 }
51 int T::get_m1() const {
52 return m1;
53 }
54 int T::get_m2() const {
55 return m2;
56 }
57 void T::display() const {
58 cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl;
59 }
60 // 类方法
61 void T::disply_count() {
62 cout << "T objects: " << count << endl;
63 }
64 // 友元函数func()：实现
65 void func() {
66 T t1;
67 t1.set_m1(55);
68 t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员，依然可以直接访问
69 t1.display();
70 }
71 // 测试
72 void test() {
73 cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl;
74 cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl;
75 T::disply_count();
76 T t1;
77 t1.display();
78 t1.set_m1(42);
79 T t2{t1};
80 t2.display();
81 T t3{std::move(t1)};
82 t3.display();
83 t1.display();
84 T::disply_count();
85 }
86 // 主函数
87 int main() {
88 cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
89 test();
90 cout << endl;
91 cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
92 func();
93 }
task4
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3 #include <iomanip>
4 using namespace std;
5 // 矩形类Rect的定义
6 // 待补足
7 class Rect {
8 public:
9 Rect(float l= 2.0, float w = 1.0);
10 Rect(const Rect& r);
11 ~Rect();
12
13 float len() const;
14 float wide() const;
15 float area() const;
16 float circumference() const;
17 void resize(int t);
18 void resize(int lt, int wt);
19
20
21 private:
22 float length, width;
23 public:
24 static int size_info(){
25 return size;
26 };
27 public:
28 static const string doc;
29 private:
30 static int size;
31
32 };
33
34 const string Rect::doc{ "a simple Rect class" };
35 int Rect::size;
36
37 Rect::Rect(float l, float w) {
38 ++size;
39 }
40
41
42 Rect::Rect(const Rect& r) {
43 ++size;
44 }
45
46 Rect::~Rect() {
47 --size;
48 }
49
50 float Rect::len() const {
51 return length;
52 }
53
54 float Rect::wide() const {
55 return width;
56 }
57
58 float Rect::area() const {
59 float area;
60 return area = length * width;
61 }
62
63 float Rect::circumference() const {
64 float circumference;
65 return circumference = 2 * (length + width);
66 }
67
68 void Rect::resize(int t) {
69 length *= t;
70 width *= t;
71 }
72
73 void Rect::resize(int lt,int wt) {
74 length *= lt;
75 width *= wt;
76 }
77
78
79 // 普通函数：输出矩形信息
80 void output(const Rect& r) {
81 cout << "矩形信息: " << endl;
82 cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // 控制输出格式：以浮点数形式输出，小数部分保留两位
83 // 补足代码：分行输出矩形长、宽、面积、周长
84 cout << "长： " << r.len() << endl;
85 cout << "宽： " << r.wide() << endl;
86 cout << "面积： " << r.area() << endl;
87 cout << "周长： " << r.circumference() << endl;
88 }
89 // 测试代码
90 void test() {
91 cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl;
92 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
93 Rect r1;
94 output(r1);
95 Rect r2(4, 3);
96 output(r2);
97 Rect r3(r2);
98 r3.resize(2);
99 output(r3);
100 r3.resize(5, 2);
101 output(r3);
102 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
103 }
104 // 主函数
105 int main() {
106 test();
107 cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
108 }
成功运行了，但是发生了运算错误，正在寻找bug。
task5
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <cmath>
3 // 复数类Complex：定义
4 // 待补足
5 class Complex {
6 private:
7 double real;
8 double imag;
9
10 public:
11 Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
12 Complex(const Complex& c);
13 ~Complex();
14
15 double get_real() const;
16 double get_imag() const;
17 void show() const;
18 void add(Complex const& c1);
19
20 friend Complex add(Complex const& c1, Complex const& c2);
21 friend bool is_equal(Complex const& c1, Complex const& c2);
22 friend double abs(Complex const& c1);
23 };
24
25 Complex::Complex(double r, double i) :real{ r }, imag{ i }{
26
27 }
28 Complex::Complex(const Complex& c) {
29
30 }
31
32 Complex::~Complex() {
33
34 }
35
36 double Complex::get_real() const {
37 return real;
38 }
39
40 double Complex::get_imag() const {
41 return imag;
42 }
43
44 void Complex::show() const {
45 using namespace std;
46 cout << real << "+" << imag << "i" << endl;
47 }
48
49 void Complex::add(Complex const& c1) {
50 real += c1.real;
51 imag += c1.imag;
52 }
53
54 Complex add(Complex const& c1, Complex const& c2) {
55 Complex c3;
56 c3.real = c1.real + c2.real;
57 c3.imag = c1.imag + c2.imag;
58 return c3;
59 }
60
61 bool is_equal(Complex const& c1, Complex const& c2) {
62 if (c1.real == c2.real && c1.imag == c2.imag)
63 return true;
64 else
65 return false;
66 }
67
68 double abs(Complex const& c1) {
69 return sqrt(c1.real * c1.real + c1.imag * c1.imag);
70 }
71 // 复数类Complex: 测试
72 void test() {
73 using namespace std;
74 Complex c1(3, -4);
75 const Complex c2(4.5);
76 Complex c3(c1);
77 cout << "c1 = ";
78 c1.show();
79 cout << endl;
80 cout << "c2 = ";
81 c2.show();
82 cout << endl;
83 cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
84 cout << "c3 = ";
85 c3.show();
86 cout << endl;
87 cout << "abs(c1) = ";
88 cout << abs(c1) << endl;
89 cout << boolalpha;
90 cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
91 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
92 Complex c4;
93 c4 = add(c1, c2);
94 cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
95 c4.show();
96 cout << endl;
97 c1.add(c2);
98 cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
99 c1.show();
100 cout << endl;
101 }
102 int main() {
103 test();
104 }
与task4同样的错误。
本次实验发生了很多错误，希望能在课后的交流中发现这些bug，以免下次重现。
标签：const,int,void,float,Complex,实验,Rect From： https://www.cnblogs.com/Serenity-X/p/17774956.html