1.实验任务1：
实验源代码：
1 // 标准库string, vector, array基础用法
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <vector>
5 #include <array>
6 // 函数模板
7 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
8 template<typename T>
9 void output1(const T& obj) {
10 for (auto i : obj)
11 std::cout << i << ", ";
12 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
13 }
14 // 函数模板
15 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
16 template<typename T>
17 void output2(const T& obj) {
18 for (auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
19 std::cout << *p << ", ";
20 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
21 }
22 // array模板类基础用法
23 void test_array() {
24 using namespace std;
25 array<int, 5> x1; // 创建一个array对象，包含5个int元素，未初始化
26 cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
27 x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充
28 x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999
29 x1[4] = -999; // 把下表为4的元素值修改为-999
30 cout << "x1: ";
31 output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
32 cout << "x1: ";
33 output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
34 array<int, 5> x2{x1};
35 cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl;
36 x2.fill(22);
37 cout << "x2: ";
38 output1(x2);
39 swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1, x2
40 cout << "x1: ";
41 output1(x1);
42 cout << "x2: ";
43 output1(x2);
44 }
45 // vector模板类基础用法
46 void test_vector() {
47 using namespace std;
48 vector<int> v1;
49 cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数
50 cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数
51 v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素
52 cout << "v1: ";
53 output1(v1);
54 vector<int> v2 {1, 0, 5, 2};
55 v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素
56 v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项
57 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入
58 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入
59 cout << v2.size() << endl;
60 cout << "v2: ";
61 output2(v2);
62 vector<int> v3(5, 42); //创建vector对象，包含5个元素，每个元素值都是42
63 cout << "v3: ";
64 output1(v3);
65 vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2); // 创建vector对象，以v3对象的[v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2)区间作为元素值
66 cout << "v4: ";
67 output1(v4);
68 }
69 // string类基础用法
70 void test_string() {
71 using namespace std;
72 string s1{ "oop" };
73 cout << s1.size() << endl;
74 for (auto& i : s1)
75 i -= 32;
76 s1 += "2023";
77 s1.append(", hello");
78 cout << s1 << endl;
79 }
80 int main() {
81 using namespace std;
82 cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
83 test_array();
84 cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
85 test_vector();
86 cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
87 test_string();
88 }
运行测试截图：
2.实验任务2：
实验源代码：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3 // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex
4 void test_std_complex() {
5 using namespace std;
6 complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{ 4.5 };
7 const complex<double> c3{c2};
8 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
9 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
10 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
11 cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag()
12 << endl;
13 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
14 cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
15 cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库数学函数，对复数取模
16 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
17 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
18 cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl;
19 complex<double> c4 = 2;
20 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
21 c4 += c1;
22 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
23 }
24 int main() {
25 test_std_complex();
26 }
运行测试截图：
3.实验任务3：
实验源代码：
1 // 一个简单的类T：定义、使用
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 using namespace std;
5 // 类T的声明
6 class T {
7 public:
8 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 带有默认形值的构造函数
9 T(const T& t); // 复制构造函数
10 T(T&& t); // 移动构造函数
11 ~T(); // 析构函数
12 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1
13 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1
14 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2
15 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息
16 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19 public:
20 static void disply_count(); // 类方法，显示当前T类对象数目
21 public:
22 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述T类
23 static const int max_count; // 类属性，用于描述T类对象的上限
24 private:
25 static int count; // 类属性，用于描述当前T类对象数目
26 };
27 // 类的static数据成员：类外初始化
28 const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
29 const int T::max_count = 99;
30 int T::count = 0;
31 // 类T的实现
32 T::T(int x, int y) : m1{ x }, m2{ y } {
33 ++count;
34 cout << "constructor called.\n";
35 }
36 T::T(const T& t) : m1{ t.m1 }, m2{ t.m2 } {
37 ++count;
38 cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
39 }
40 T::T(T&& t) : m1{ t.m1 }, m2{ t.m2 } {
41 ++count;
42 cout << "move constructor called.\n";
43 }
44 T::~T() {
45 --count;
46 cout << "destructor called.\n";
47 }
48 void T::set_m1(int x) {
49 m1 = x;
50 }
51 int T::get_m1() const {
52 return m1;
53 }
54 int T::get_m2() const {
55 return m2;
56 }
57 void T::display() const {
58 cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl;
59 }
60 // 类方法
61 void T::disply_count() {
62 cout << "T objects: " << count << endl;
63 }
64 // 友元函数func()：实现
65 void func() {
66 T t1;
67 t1.set_m1(55);
68 t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员，依然可以直接访问
69 t1.display();
70 }
71 // 测试
72 void test() {
73 cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl;
74 cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl;
75 T::disply_count();
76 T t1;
77 t1.display();
78 t1.set_m1(42);
79 T t2{ t1 };
80 t2.display();
81 T t3{ std::move(t1) };
82 t3.display();
83 t1.display();
84 T::disply_count();
85 }
86 // 主函数
87 int main() {
88 cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
89 test();
90 cout << endl;
91 cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
92 func();
93 }
运行测试截图：
4实验任务4：
实验源代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;
class Rect {
private:
static int size;
public:
static const string doc;
static int size_info() {
return size;
}
friend void test();
private:
double length, width;
public:
Rect(double l = 2.0, double w = 1.0) : length{ l }, width{ w } {
size++;
}
Rect(const Rect& obj) : length{ obj.length }, width{ obj.width } {
size++;
}
~Rect() {
size--;
}
double len() const {
return length;
}
double wide() const {
return width;
}
double area() const {
return length * width;
}
double circumference() const {
return 2 * (length + width);
}
void resize(double times) {
length *= times;
width *= times;
}
void resize(double l_times, double w_times) {
length *= l_times;
width *= w_times;
}
};
int Rect::size = 0;
const string Rect::doc{"a simple Rect class"};
void output(const Rect& r) {
cout << "矩形信息: " << endl;
cout << fixed << setprecision(2);
cout << "长: \t" << r.len() << endl;
cout << "宽: \t" << r.wide() << endl;
cout << "面积: \t" << r.area() << endl;
cout << "周长: \t" << r.circumference() << endl;
}
void test() {
cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl;
cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
Rect r1;
output(r1);
Rect r2(4, 3);
output(r2);
Rect r3(r2);
r3.resize(2);
output(r3);
r3.resize(5, 2);
output(r3);
cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
}
int main() {
test();
cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl;
}
运行测试截图：
5.实验任务5：
实验源代码：
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
class Complex {
private:
double real, imag;
public:
Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0) : real{ r }, imag{ i } {};
Complex(const Complex& c) :real{ c.real }, imag{ c.imag } {};
double get_real() const {
return real;
}
double get_imag() const {
return imag;
}
void add(const Complex& c) {
real += c.get_real();
imag += c.get_imag();
}
void show() {
std::cout << real;
if (imag > 0) std::cout << " + " << abs(imag) << 'i';
if (imag < 0) std::cout << " - " << fabs(imag) << 'i';
}
void show() const {
std::cout << real;
if (imag > 0) std::cout << " + " << abs(imag) << 'i';
if (imag < 0) std::cout << " - " << fabs(imag) << 'i';
}
public:
friend Complex add(const Complex&, const Complex&);
friend bool is_equal(const Complex&, const Complex&);
friend double abs(const Complex&);
};
Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
double r, i;
r = c1.get_real() + c2.get_real();
i = c1.get_imag() + c2.get_imag();
Complex c(r, i);
return c;
}
bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
bool r, i;
r = c1.get_real() == c2.get_real();
i = c1.get_imag() == c2.get_imag();
return r && i;
}
double abs(const Complex& c) {
return sqrt(pow(c.get_real(), 2) + pow(c.get_imag(), 2));
}
void test() {
using namespace std;
Complex c1(3, -4);
const Complex c2(4.5);
Complex c3(c1);
cout << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = ";
c2.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
cout << "c3 = ";
c3.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = ";
cout << abs(c1) << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
Complex c4;
c4 = add(c1, c2);
cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
c4.show();
cout << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
}
int main() {
test();
}
运行测试截图：
标签：const,cout,22,张文瑞,double,imag,int,Complex,OOP From： https://www.cnblogs.com/zhangwenrui/p/17761603.html