任务1
//标准库string,vector,array基础用法 #include<iostream> #include<string> #include<vector> #include<array> //函数模板 //对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象,使用范围for输出 template<typename T> void output1(const T & obj) { for (autoi : obj) std::cout << i << ","; std::cout << "\b\b\n"; } //函数模板 //对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象,使用迭代器输出 template<typename T> void output2(constT& obj) { for (autop = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p) std::cout << *p << ","; std::cout << "\b\b\n"; } //array模板类基础用法 void test_array() { using namespace std; array<int, 5>x1;//创建一个array对象,包含5个int元素,未初始化 cout << "x1.size()=" << x1.size() << endl;//输出元素个数 x1.fill(42);//把x1的所有元素都用42填充 x1.at(0) = 999;//把下标为0的元素值修改为999 x1[4] = -999;//把下表为4的元素值修改为-999 cout << "x1:"; output1(x1);//调用模板函数output1输出x1 cout << "x1:"; output2(x1);//调用模板函数output1输出x1 array<int, 5>x2{ x1 }; cout << boolalpha << (x1 == x2) << endl; x2.fill(22); cout << "x2:"; output1(x2); swap(x1, x2);//交换array对象x1,x2 cout << "x1:"; output1(x1); cout << "x2:"; output1(x2); } //vector模板类基础用法 voidtest_vector() { usingnamespacestd; vector<int>v1; cout << v1.size() << endl;//输出目前元素个数 cout << v1.max_size() << endl;//输出元素个数之最大可能个数 v1.push_back(55);//在v1末尾插入元素 cout << "v1:"; output1(v1); vector<int>v2{ 1,0,5,2 }; v2.pop_back();//从v2末尾弹出一个元素 v2.erase(v2.begin());//删除v2.begin()位置的数据项 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999);//在v1.begin()之前的位置插入 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999);//在v1.end()之前的位置插入 cout << v2.size() << endl; cout << "v2:"; output2(v2); vector<int>v3(5, 42);//创建vector对象,包含5个元素,每个元素值都是 42 cout << "v3:"; output1(v3); vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2);//创建vector对象,以v3对象的 [v3.begin(), v3.end() - 2)区间作为元素值 cout << "v4:"; output1(v4); } //string类基础用法 voidtest_string() { usingnamespacestd; strings1{ "oop" }; cout << s1.size() << endl; for (auto& i : s1) i -= 32; s1 += "2023"; s1.append(",hello"); cout << s1 << endl; } intmain() { usingnamespacestd; cout << "===========测试1:array模板类基础用法===========" << endl; test_array(); cout << "\n===========测试2:vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl; test_vector(); cout << "\n===========测试3:string类基础用法===========" << endl; test_string(); }
实验2
// 一个简单的类T:定义、使用 #include <iostream> #include <string> using namespace std; // 类T的声明 class T { public: T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 带有默认形值的构造函数 T(const T & t); // 复制构造函数 T(T && t); // 移动构造函数 ~T(); // 析构函数 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数 private: int m1, m2; public: static void disply_count(); // 类方法,显示当前T类对象数目 public: static const string doc; // 类属性,用于描述T类 static const int max_count; // 类属性,用于描述T类对象的上限 private: static int count; // 类属性,用于描述当前T类对象数目 }; // 类的static数据成员:类外初始化 const string T::doc{ "a simple class" }; const int T::max_count = 99; int T::count = 0; // 类T的实现 T::T(int x, int y) : m1{ x }, m2{ y } { ++count; cout << "constructor called.\n"; } T::T(const T & t) : m1{ t.m1 }, m2{ t.m2 } { ++count; cout << "copy constructor called.\n"; } T::T(T && t) : m1{ t.m1 }, m2{ t.m2 } { ++count; cout << "move constructor called.\n"; } T::~T() { --count; cout << "destructor called.\n"; } void T::set_m1(int x) { m1 = x; } int T::get_m1() const { return m1; } int T::get_m2() const { return m2; } void T::display() const { cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl; } // 类方法 void T::disply_count() { cout << "T objects: " << count << endl; } // 友元函数func():实现 void func() { T t1; t1.set_m1(55); t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员,依然可以直接访问 t1.display(); } // 测试 void test() { cout << "T class info: " << T::doc << endl; cout << "T objects max_count: " << T::max_count << endl; T::disply_count(); T t1; t1.display(); t1.set_m1(42); T t2{ t1 }; t2.display(); T t3{ std::move(t1) }; t3.display(); t1.display(); T::disply_count(); } // 主函数 int main() { cout << "============测试类T============" << endl; test(); cout << endl; cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl; func(); }
实验3
#include <iostream> #include <complex> // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex void test_std_complex() { using namespace std; complex<double> c1{ 3, 4 }, c2{ 4.5 }; const complex<double> c3{ c2 }; cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl; cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl; cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl; cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag()<< endl; cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl; cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl; cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库数学函数,对复数取模 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出 cout << "c1 == c2: " << (c1 == c2) << endl; cout << "c3 == c2: " << (c3 == c2) << endl; complex<double> c4 = 2; cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl; c4 += c1; cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl; } int main() { test_std_complex(); }
实验4
#include <iostream> #include <string> #include <iomanip> using namespace std; class Rect { private: static int size; public: static const string doc; static int size_info() { return size; } friend void test(); private: double length, width; public: Rect(double l = 2.0, double w = 1.0) : length{ l }, width{ w } { size++; } Rect(const Rect& obj) : length{ obj.length }, width{ obj.width } { size++; } ~Rect() { size--; } double len() const { return length; } double wide() const { return width; } double area() const { return length * width; } double circumference() const { return 2 * (length + width); } void resize(double times) { length *= times; width *= times; } void resize(double l_times, double w_times) { length *= l_times; width *= w_times; } }; int Rect::size = 0; const string Rect::doc{ "a simple Rect class" }; void output(const Rect& r) { cout << "矩形信息: " << endl; cout << fixed << setprecision(2); cout << "长: \t" << r.len() << endl; cout << "宽: \t" << r.wide() << endl; cout << "面积: \t" << r.area() << endl; cout << "周长: \t" << r.circumference() << endl; } void test() { cout << "矩形类信息: " << Rect::doc << endl; cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl; Rect r1; output(r1); Rect r2(4, 3); output(r2); Rect r3(r2); r3.resize(2); output(r3); r3.resize(5, 2); output(r3); cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl; } int main() { test(); cout << "当前矩形对象数目: " << Rect::size_info() << endl; }
实验5
# include<iostream> # include<cmath> class Complex { public: Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0); Complex(const Complex& c); ~Complex() {}; double get_real() const; double get_imag() const; void add(const Complex& c); void show() const; friend Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2); friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2); friend double abs(const Complex& c1); private: double real; double imag; }; Complex::Complex(double r, double i) :real{ r }, imag{ i } {} Complex::Complex(const Complex& c) :real{ c.real }, imag{ c.imag } {} double Complex::get_real() const { return real; } double Complex::get_imag() const { return imag; } void Complex::add(const Complex& c) { real += c.real; imag += c.imag; } void Complex::show() const { if (imag > 0) { std::cout << real << " + " << imag << "i"; } else if (imag < 0) { std::cout << real << imag << "i"; } else if (imag == 0) { std::cout << real; } } Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) { double resultreal = c1.real + c2.real; double resultimag = c1.imag + c2.imag; return Complex(resultreal, resultimag); } bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) { return (c1.real == c2.real) && (c1.imag == c2.imag); } double abs(const Complex& c) { double x = sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag); return x; } void test() { using namespace std; Complex c1(3, -4); const Complex c2(4.5); Complex c3(c1); cout << "c1 = "; c1.show(); cout << endl; cout << "c2 = "; c2.show(); cout << endl; cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl; cout << "c3 = "; c3.show(); cout << endl; cout << "abs(c1) = "; cout << abs(c1) << endl; cout << boolalpha; cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl; cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl; Complex c4; c4 = add(c1, c2); cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = "; c4.show(); cout << endl; c1.add(c2); cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = "; c1.show(); cout << endl; } int main() { test(); }
标签:const,cout,int,double,void,Complex,实验 From: https://www.cnblogs.com/wtx2004/p/17775998.html