1.实验任务一
task1源代码：
1 // 标准库string, vector, array基础用法
2
3 #include<iostream>
4 #include<string>
5 #include<vector>
6 #include<array>
7
8 // 函数模板
9 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用范围for输出
10 template<typename T>
11 void output1(const T &obj){
12 for(auto i: obj)
13 std::cout << i << ", ";
14 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
15 }
16
17 // 函数模板
18 // 对满足特定条件的序列类型T对象，使用迭代器输出
19 template<typename T>
20 void output2(const T &obj){
21 for(auto p = obj.begin(); p != obj.end(); ++p)
22 std::cout << *p << ", ";
23 std::cout << "\b\b \n";
24 }
25
26 // array模板类基础用法
27 void test_array(){
28 using namespace std;
29
30 array<int, 5> x1; //创建一个array对象，包含5个int元素，未初始化
31 cout << "x1.size() = " << x1.size() << endl; // 输出元素个数
32 x1.fill(42); // 把x1的所有元素都用42填充
33 x1.at(0) = 999; // 把下标为0的元素值修改为999
34 x1[4] = -999; // 把下标为4的元素值修改为-999
35 cout << "x1：";
36 output1(x1); // 调用模板函数output1输出x1
37 cout << "x2：";
38 output2(x1); // 调用模板函数output2输出x1
39
40 array<int, 5> x2(x1);
41 cout << boolalpha << (x1==x2) << endl;
42 x2.fill(22);
43 cout << "x2：";
44 output1(x2);
45
46 swap(x1, x2); // 交换array对象x1,x2
47 cout << "x1：";
48 output1(x1);
49 cout << "x2：";
50 output1(x2);
51 }
52
53 // vector模板类基础用法
54 void test_vector(){
55 using namespace std;
56
57 vector<int> v1;
58 cout << v1.size() << endl; // 输出目前元素个数
59 cout << v1.max_size() << endl; // 输出元素个数之最大可能个数
60 v1.push_back(55); // 在v1末尾插入元素
61 cout << "v1：";
62 output1(v1);
63
64 vector<int> v2 {1, 0, 5, 2};
65 v2.pop_back(); // 从v2末尾弹出一个元素
66 v2.erase(v2.begin()); // 删除v2.begin()位置的数据项
67 v2.insert(v2.begin(), 999); // 在v1.begin()之前的位置插入
68 v2.insert(v2.end(), -999); // 在v1.end()之前的位置插入
69 cout << v2.size() << endl;
70 cout << "v2: ";
71 output2(v2);
72
73 vector<int> v3(5, 42); // 创建vector对象，包含5个元素，每个元素值都是42
74 cout << "v3：";
75 output1(v3);
76
77 vector<int> v4(v3.begin(), v3.end()-2); // 创建vector对象，以v3对象的 【v3.begin(), v3.end()-2】区间作为元素值
78 cout << "v4：";
79 output1(v4);
80 }
81
82 // string类基础用法
83 void test_string(){
84 using namespace std;
85
86 string s1{"oop"};
87 cout << s1.size() << endl;
88 for(auto &i: s1)
89 i -= 32;
90 s1 += "2023";
91 s1.append(", hello");
92 cout << s1 << endl;
93 }
94
95 int main(){
96 using namespace std;
97
98 cout << "===========测试1: array模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
99 test_array();
100
101 cout << "\n===========测试2: vector模板类基础用法===========" << endl;
102 test_vector();
103
104 cout << "\n===========测试3: string类基础用法===========" << endl;
105 test_string();
106 }
task1
task1运行结果：
2.实验任务二
task2源代码：
1 #include<iostream>
2 #include<complex>
3
4 // 测试标准库提供的复数类模板complex
5 void test_std_complex(){
6 using namespace std;
7
8 complex<double> c1{3, 4}, c2{4.5};
9 const complex<double> c3{c2};
10
11 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
12 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
13 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
14 cout << "c3.real = " << c3.real() << ", " << "c3.imag = " << c3.imag() << endl;
15
16 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
17 cout << "c1 - c2 = " << c1 - c2 << endl;
18 cout << "abs(c1) = " << abs(c1) << endl; // abs()是标准库 数学函数，对复数取模
19
20 cout << boolalpha; // 设置bool型值以true/false方式输出
21 cout << "c1 == c2：" << (c1 == c2) << endl;
22 cout << "c3 == c2：" << (c3 == c2) << endl;
23
24 complex<double> c4 = 2;
25 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
26 c4 += c1;
27 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
28
29 }
30
31 int main(){
32 test_std_complex();
33 }
task2
task2运行结果：
3.实验任务三
task3源代码：
1 // 一个简单的类T：定义、使用
2
3 #include<iostream>
4 #include<string>
5
6 using namespace std;
7
8 // 类T的声明
9 class T{
10 public:
11 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 带有默认形值的构造函数
12 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
13 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
14 ~T(); // 析构函数
15
16 void set_m1(int x); // 设置T类对象的数据成员m1
17 int get_m1() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m1
18 int get_m2() const; // 获取T类对象的数据成员m2
19 void display() const; // 显示T类对象的信息
20
21 friend void func(); // 声明func()为T类友元函数
22
23 private:
24 int m1, m2;
25
26 public:
27 static void disply_count(); // 类方法，显示当前T类对象数目
28
29 public:
30 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述T类
31 static const int max_count; // 类属性，用于描述T类对象的上限
32
33 private:
34 static int count; // 类属性，用于描述当前T类对象数目
35 };
36
37 // 类的static数据成员，类外初始化
38 const string T::doc{"a simple class"};
39 const int T::max_count = 99;
40 int T::count = 0;
41
42 // 类T的实现
43
44 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
45 ++count;
46 cout << "constructor called.\n";
47 }
48
49
50 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
51 ++count;
52 cout << "copy constructor called.\n";
53 }
54
55 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
56 ++count;
57 cout << "more constructor called.\n";
58 }
59
60 T::~T() {
61 --count;
62 cout << "destructor called.\n";
63 }
64
65 void T::set_m1(int x) {
66 m1 = x;
67 }
68
69 int T::get_m1() const {
70 return m1;
71 }
72
73 int T::get_m2() const {
74 return m2;
75 }
76
77 void T::display() const {
78 cout << m1 << ", " << m2 << endl;
79 }
80
81 // 类方法
82 void T::disply_count() {
83 cout << "T objects：" << count << endl;
84 }
85
86 // 友元函数func()：实现
87 void func() {
88 T t1;
89 t1.set_m1(55);
90 t1.m2 = 77; // 虽然m2是私有成员，依然可以直接访问
91 t1.display();
92 }
93
94 // 测试
95 void test() {
96 cout << "T class info：" << T::doc << endl;
97 cout << "T objects max_count：" << T::max_count << endl;
98 T::disply_count();
99
100 T t1;
101 t1.display();
102 t1.set_m1(42);
103
104 T t2{t1};
105 t2.display();
106
107 T t3{std::move(t1)};
108 t3.display();
109 t1.display();
110
111 T::disply_count();
112 }
113
114 // 主函数
115 int main() {
116 cout << "============测试类T============" << endl;
117 test();
118 cout << endl;
119
120 cout << "============测试友元函数func()============" << endl;
121 func();
122 }
task3
task3运行结果：
4.实验任务四
task4源代码：
1 #include<iostream>
2 #include<string>
3 #include<iomanip>
4
5 using namespace std;
6
7 // 矩形类Rect的定义
8 class Rect {
9 public:
10 Rect(double length = 2.0, double width = 1.0); // 带默认值的构造函数
11 Rect(const Rect &r);
12 ~Rect(); // 析构函数
13
14 double len() const;
15 double wide() const;
16 double circumference() const; // 周长
17 double area() const; // 面积
18 void resize(double times);
19 void resize(double length_times, double width_times);
20
21 public:
22 static const string doc; // 类属性，用于描述类基础信息
23 void display() const;
24 static int size_info(); // 类方法，返回当前矩形对象总数
25
26 private:
27 double length, width;
28 static int size; // 类属性，用于描述当前矩形对象总数
29 };
30
31 const string Rect::doc{"a simple Rect class"};
32 int Rect::size = 0;
33
34 Rect::Rect(double length, double width): length{length}, width(width) {
35 ++size;
36 }
37
38 Rect::Rect(const Rect &r): length{r.length}, width{r.width} {
39 ++size;
40 }
41
42 Rect::~Rect() {
43 --size;
44 }
45
46 double Rect::len() const{
47 return length;
48 }
49
50 double Rect::wide() const {
51 return width;
52 }
53
54 double Rect::circumference() const {
55 return 2 * length + 2 * width;
56 }
57
58 double Rect::area() const {
59 return length * width;
60 }
61
62 void Rect::resize(double times) {
63 length *= times;
64 width *= times;
65 }
66
67 void Rect::resize(double length_times, double width_times) {
68 cout << size;
69 }
70
71 int Rect::size_info() {
72 return size;
73 }
74
75 // 普通函数：输出矩形信息
76 void output(const Rect &r) {
77 cout << "矩形信息：" << endl;
78 cout << fixed << setprecision(2); // 控制输出格式：以浮点数形式输出，小数部分保留两位
79
80 cout << left << setw(12) << "长：" << r.len() << endl;
81 cout << left << setw(12) << "宽：" << r.wide() << endl;
82 cout << left << setw(12) << "面积：" << r.area() << endl;
83 cout << left << setw(12) << "周长：" << r.circumference() << endl;
84 }
85
86 void test() {
87 cout << "矩形类信息：" << Rect::doc << endl;
88 cout << "当前矩形对象数目：" << Rect::size_info() << endl;
89 Rect r1;
90 output(r1);
91
92 Rect r2(4, 3);
93 output(r2);
94
95 Rect r3(r2);
96 r3.resize(2);
97 output(r3);
98 r3.resize(5, 2);
99 output(r3);
100 cout << "当前矩形对象数目：" << Rect::size_info() << endl;
101 }
102
103 // 主函数
104 int main() {
105 test();
106 cout << "当前矩形对象数目：" << Rect::size_info() << endl;
107 }
task4运行结果：
5.实验任务五
task5源代码：
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
class Complex{
public:
Complex(double real = 0.0, double imag = 0.0);
Complex(const Complex &c);
~Complex();
double get_real() const;
double get_imag() const;
void add(const Complex &c);
void show() const;
friend Complex add(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2);
friend double abs(const Complex &c);
private:
double real, imag;
};
Complex::Complex(double real, double imag): real{real}, imag{imag} {}
Complex::Complex(const Complex &c): real{c.real}, imag{c.imag} {}
Complex::~Complex() {}
double Complex::get_real() const {
return real;
}
double Complex::get_imag() const {
return imag;
}
void Complex::show() const {
using namespace std;
if(imag == 0) {
cout << real << endl;
}
else if(imag > 0) {
cout << real << "+" << imag << "i" << endl;
}
else if(imag < 0) {
cout << real << imag << "i" << endl;
}
}
void Complex::add(const Complex &c) {
real += c.real;
imag += c.imag;
}
Complex add(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) {
return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}
bool is_equal(const Complex &c1, const Complex &c2) {
if(c1.real == c2.real && c1.imag == c2. imag) {
return true;
}
else {
return false;
}
}
double abs(const Complex &c) {
return sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag);
}
// 复数类Complex：调试
void test() {
using namespace std;
Complex c1(3, -4);
const Complex c2(4.5);
Complex c3(c1);
cout << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2 = ";
c2.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "c2.imag = " << c2.get_imag() << endl;
cout << "c3 = ";
c3.show();
cout << endl;
cout << "abs(c1) = ";
cout << abs(c1) << endl;
cout << boolalpha;
cout << "c1 == c3 : " << is_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
Complex c4;
c4 = add(c1, c2);
cout << "c4 = c1 + c2 = ";
c4.show();
cout << endl;
c1.add(c2);
cout << "c1 += c2, " << "c1 = ";
c1.show();
cout << endl;
}
int main() {
test();
}
task5运行结果：
标签：const,int,double,void,Complex,实验,Rect From： https://www.cnblogs.com/atry/p/17761655.html