前置知识:
搅动法(perturbation method)
若 \(S_n=\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n}a_k\)
则有 \(S_n+a_{n+1}=\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n+1}a_k=a_0+\displaystyle\sum_{1≤k≤n+1}a_k=a_0+\displaystyle\sum_{1≤k+1≤n+1}a_{k+1}=a_0+\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n}a_{k+1}\)
求一般几何级数之和:
\(S_n=\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n}ax^k\)
显然有 \(S_n=(n+1)a\),(\(x=1\))
考虑 \(x≠1\) 的情况:
\(S_n+ax^{n+1}=ax^0+\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n}ax^{k+1}\),(根据搅动法)
\(S_n+ax^{n+1}=ax^0+x\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n}ax^k\),(分配律)
\(S_n+ax^{n+1}=ax^0+xS_n\),(注意到 \(S_n=\displaystyle\sum_{0≤k≤n}ax^k\) ,替换)
\(S_n=\frac{a-ax^{n+1}}{1-x}\),(\(x≠1\)),(整理)
标签:搅动,sum,一般,计算,ax,几何级数,displaystyle From: https://www.cnblogs.com/Exotic-sum/p/17736798.html