任务1：
t.h
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <string>
4
5 // 类T: 声明
6 class T {
7 // 对象属性、方法
8 public:
9 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数
10 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
11 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
12 ~T(); // 析构函数
13
14 void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据
15 void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22 static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数
23
24 public:
25 static const string doc； // 类T的描述信息
26 static const int max_cnt； // 类T对象上限
27
28 private:
29 static int cnt ； // 当前T类对象数目
30
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32 friend void func();
33 };
t.cpp
// 类T: 实现
// 普通函数实现
#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
// static成员数据类外初始化
const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;
// 对象方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
++cnt;
cout << "T constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
++cnt;
cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
++cnt;
cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}
T::~T() {
--cnt;
cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}
void T::adjust(int ratio) {
m1 *= ratio;
m2 *= ratio;
}
void T::display() const {
cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}
// 类方法
int T::get_cnt() {
return cnt;
}
// 友元
void func() {
T t5(42);
t5.m2 = 2049;
cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}
task1.cpp
1 #include "t.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7 void test();
8
9 int main() {
10 test();
11 cout << "\nmain: \n";
12 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
13 }
14
15 void test() {
16 cout << "test class T: \n";
17 cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
18 cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
19 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
20
21
22 T t1;
23 cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
24
25 T t2(3, 4);
26 cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
27
28 T t3(t2);
29 t3.adjust(2);
30 cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
31
32 T t4(std::move(t2));
33 cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
34
35 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
36
37 func();
38 }
运行结果：
问题1：能正常运行，因为func()已经在类内部声明为友元函数，无需在类外再次声明。
问题2：
普通构造函数：在对象被创建时利用特定的值构造对象，将对象初始化为一个特定的状态；主函数中声明T t2(3,4) 时调用。
复制构造函数：使用一个已经存在的对象（由复制构造函数的参数指定），去初始化同类的一个新对象；主函数中声明T t3(t2) 时调用。
移动构造函数：通过移动右值引用对象来安全地构造新对象，并且避免冗余复制对象的代价；主函数中T t4(std::move(t2)) 时调用。
析构函数：用来完成对象被删除前的一些清理工作；在对象的生存周期即将结束的时刻被自动调用。
问题3：不能正确运行。
任务2：
Complex.h 1 #include <stdlib.h>
2 #include <string>
3 #include <math.h>
4
5 using namespace std;
6
7 class Complex{
8 public:
9 Complex(double r,double i);
10 Complex(double r);
11 Complex();
12 Complex(const Complex&c);
13 private:
14 double real;
15 double imag;
16
17 public:
18 static const string doc;
19 public:
20 double get_real() const;
21 double get_imag() const;
22 void add(const Complex &c);
23 friend Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
24 friend bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
25 friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2);
26 friend void output(Complex c);
27 friend double abs(Complex c);
28 };
Complex.cpp
1 #include "y.h"
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 const string Complex::doc{"a simplified Complex calss"};
6
7 Complex::Complex(double r,double i){
8 real=r;
9 imag=i;
10 }
11
12 Complex::Complex(double r) {real=r;imag=0;}
13
14 Complex::Complex() {real=0;imag=0;}
15
16 Complex::Complex(const Complex&c){
17 real=c.real;
18 imag=c.imag;
19 }
20
21 double Complex::get_real() const {
22 return real;
23 }
24
25 double Complex::get_imag() const {
26 return imag;
27 }
28
29 void Complex::add(const Complex &c){
30 real+=c.real;
31 imag+=c.imag;
32 }
33
34 Complex add(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
35 Complex sum;
36 sum.real+=c1.real+c2.real;
37 sum.imag+=c1.imag+c2.imag;
38 return sum;
39 }
40
41 bool is_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
42 bool flag=false;
43 if(c1.real==c2.real && c1.imag==c2.imag)
44 flag=true;
45 return flag;
46 }
47
48 bool is_not_equal(const Complex &c1,const Complex &c2){
49 bool flag=true;
50 if(c1.real==c2.real && c1.imag==c2.imag)
51 flag=false;
52 return flag;
53 }
54
55 void output(Complex c){
56 cout<<c.real;
57 if(c.imag<0)
58 cout<<" - "<<-c.imag<<'i';
59 else
60 cout<<" + "<<c.imag<<'i';
61 }
62
63 double abs(Complex c){
64 double ans=0;
65 double r1,i1;
66 r1=c.real*c.real;
67 i1=c.imag*c.imag;
68 ans=sqrt(r1+i1);
69 return ans;
70 }
task2.cpp
1 #include "y.h"
2
3 using std::cout;
4 using std::endl;
5 using std::boolalpha;
6
7 void test() {
8 cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
9 cout << Complex::doc << endl;
10
11 cout << endl;
12
13 cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
14 Complex c1;
15 Complex c2(3, -4);
16 const Complex c3(3.5);
17 Complex c4(c3);
18
19 cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
20 cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
21 cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
22 cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
23 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
24
25 cout << endl;
26
27 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
28 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
29 c1.add(c2);
30 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
31 cout << boolalpha;
32 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
33 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
34 c4 = add(c2, c3);
35 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
36 }
37
38 int main() {
39 test();
40 }
运行结果：
任务3：
task3.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::boolalpha;
7 using std::complex;
8
9 void test() {
10 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11 complex<double> c1;
12 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14 complex<double> c4(c3);
15
16 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21 cout << endl;
22
23 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25 c1 += c2;
26 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27 cout << boolalpha;
28 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30 c4 = c2 + c3;
31 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }
33
34 int main() {
35 test();
36 }
运行结果：
1）1.使用了默认构造函数 Complex() {real=0;imag=0;} 2.使用普通构造函数 Complex(double r) {real=r;imag=0;} 和 Complex(double r,double i){real=r;imag=i;} 3.使用复制构造函数 Complex(const Complex&c){real=c.real;imag=c.imag;} 4.使用判断两个复数类是否相等的函数 5.使用复数类加法函数。
2）1.声明不同：此代码通过 Complex <数据类型> 类名称 （输入数据）的方法声明；用real() 和 imag() 代替了 get_real 和 get_imag；省略了输出函数output()；通过(c1==c2)等式子可直接返回bool类型值；
复数类可直接进行加法运算。
2.可以将输出函数写进构造函数中以避免其反复出现，节约空间。
任务4：
Fraction.h
1 #pragma once
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <cstdlib>
5
6 using namespace std;
7
8 class Fraction{
9 public:
10 Fraction();
11 Fraction(int u);
12 Fraction(int u,int d);
13 Fraction(const Fraction &f);
14
15 static const string doc;
16
17 private:
18 int up,down;
19
20 public:
21 int get_up() const;
22 int get_down() const;
23 Fraction negative();
24
25 friend void output(Fraction f);
26 friend Fraction add(Fraction f1,Fraction f2);
27 friend Fraction sub(Fraction f1,Fraction f2);
28 friend Fraction mul(Fraction f1,Fraction f2);
29 friend Fraction div(Fraction f1,Fraction f2);
30 };
Fraction.cpp
1 #include "Fraction.h"
2
3 using namespace std;
4
5 Fraction::Fraction() {
6 up=1;
7 down=1;
8 }
9
10 Fraction::Fraction(int u) {
11 up=u;
12 down=1;
13 }
14
15 Fraction::Fraction(int u,int d) {
16 up=u;
17 down=d;
18 }
19
20 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction &f) {
21 up=f.up;
22 down=f.down;
23 }
24
25 const string Fraction::doc{"Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算"};
26
27 int Fraction::get_up() const {
28
29 if(!up && down)
30 return 0;
31 else if(down){
32 int up1=up,down1=down;
33 int r=up1%down1;
34 while(r){
35 up1=down1;
36 down1=r;
37 r=up1%down1;
38 }//最大公约数；
39 r=down1;
40 up1=up/r;
41 return up1;
42 }
43 }
44 int Fraction::get_down() const {
45 if(down){
46 int up1=up,down1=down;
47 int r=up1%down1;
48 while(r){
49 up1=down1;
50 down1=r;
51 r=up1%down1;
52 }//最大公约数；
53 r=down1;
54 down1=down/r;
55 return down1;
56 }
57 else{
58 cout<<"分母不能为0";
59 return 0;
60 }
61 }
62 Fraction Fraction::negative() {
63 Fraction f0;
64 f0.up=-up;
65 f0.down=down;
66 return f0;
67 }
68
69 void output(Fraction f){
70 int up1=f.get_up(),down1=f.get_down();
71 if(!up1 && down1)
72 cout<<0;
73 else if(down1){
74 int flag=1;
75 if(up1*down1<0)
76 flag=-1;
77
78 up1=abs(up1);
79 down1=abs(down1);
80 cout<<flag*up1<<'/'<<down1;
81 }
82
83 }
84
85 Fraction add(Fraction f1,Fraction f2){
86 Fraction f0;
87 int up1=f1.up,down1=f1.down,up2=f2.up,down2=f2.down;
88
89 int flag1=1,flag2=1;
90 if(up1*down1<0)
91 flag1=-1;
92 if(up2*down2<0)
93 flag2=-1;
94
95 up1=abs(up1);
96 up2=abs(up2);
97 down1=abs(down1);
98 down2=abs(down2);
99
100 int down_m;
101 int r=down1%down2;
102 while(r){
103 down1=down2;
104 down2=r;
105 r=down1%down2;
106 }//最大公约数；
107 r=down2;
108
109 down1=abs(f1.down);
110 down2=abs(f2.down);
111
112 down_m=down1*down2/r;//最小公倍数
113 up1*=down_m/down1;
114 up2*=down_m/down2; //约分
115
116 f0.up=flag1*up1+flag2*up2;
117 f0.down=down_m;
118 return f0;
119 }
120
121 Fraction sub(Fraction f1,Fraction f2){
122 Fraction f0=add(f1,f2.negative());
123 return f0;
124 }
125
126
127 Fraction mul(Fraction f1,Fraction f2){
128 Fraction f0;
129 f0.up=f1.up*f2.up;
130 f0.down=f1.down*f2.down;
131 return f0;
132 }
133
134 Fraction div(Fraction f1,Fraction f2){
135 Fraction f0;
136 f0.up=f1.up*f2.down;
137 f0.down=f1.down*f2.up;
138 return f0;
139 }
task4.cpp
1 #include "Fraction.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7
8 void test1() {
9 cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
10 cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
11
12 Fraction f1(5);
13 Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
14 Fraction f4(f3);
15 cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
16 cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
17 cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
18 cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
19
20 Fraction f5(f4.negative());
21 cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
22 cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
23
24 cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
25 cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
26 cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
27 cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
28 cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
29 }
30
31 void test2() {
32 Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
33 cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
34 cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
35 cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
36 }
37
38 int main() {
39 cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
40 test1();
41
42 cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
43 test2();
44 }
运行结果：
任务5：
account.h
1 class SavingAccount{
2 private:
3 int id;
4 double balance;
5 double rate;
6 int lastDate;
7 double accumulation;
8 static double total;
9
10 void record(int,double);
11 double accumulate(int date) const {
12 return accumulation+balance*(date-lastDate);
13 }
14 public:
15 SavingAccount(int,int,double);
16 int get_ID() const {return id;}
17 double getBalance() const {return balance;}
18 double getRate() const {return rate;}
19 static double getTotal() {return total;}
20 void deposit(int,double);
21 void withdraw(int,double);
22 void settle(int);
23 void show() const;
24 };
account.cpp
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include <cmath>
3 #include <iostream>
4
5 using namespace std;
6
7 double SavingAccount::total=0;
8 SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int date,int id,double rate)
9 :id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
10 cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<"is created"<<endl;
11 }
12 void SavingAccount::record(int date,double amount){
13 accumulation=accumulate(date);
14 lastDate=date;
15 amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
16 balance+=amount;
17 total+=amount;
18 cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl;
19 }
20 void SavingAccount::deposit(int date,double amount){
21 record(date,amount);
22 }
23 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int date,double amount){
24 if(amount>getBalance())
25 cout<<"Error: not enough money"<<endl;
26 else
27 record(date,-amount);
28 }
29 void SavingAccount::settle(int date){
30 double interest=accumulate(date)*rate/365;
31 if(interest!=0)
32 record(date,interest);
33 accumulation=0;
34 }
35 void SavingAccount::show() const{
36 cout<<"#"<<id<<"\tBalance: "<<balance;
37 }
5_11.cpp
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 using namespace std;
4 int main(){
5 SavingAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
6 SavingAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
7
8 sa0.deposit(5,5000);
9 sa1.deposit(25,10000);
10 sa0.deposit(45,5500);
11 sa1.withdraw(60,4000);
12 sa0.settle(90);
13 sa1.settle(90);
14 sa0.show();cout<<endl;
15 sa1.show();cout<<endl;
16 cout<<"Total: "<<SavingAccount::getTotal()<<endl;
17 return 0;
18 }
运行结果：
问题：合理，但阅读起来不够简洁
标签：real,const,int,double,C++,Complex,实验,Fraction From： https://www.cnblogs.com/tt3n/p/18494354