注解和反射
注解
什么是注解
内置注解
package com.siu.annotation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
// 什么是注解
public class Test01 extends Object {
// @Override 重写的注解
@Override
public String toString() {
return super.toString();
}
// Deprecated,不推荐使用但是可以使用,maybe存在更好的方式
@Deprecated
public static void test() {
System.out.println("Siu~~~");
}
// SuppressWarnings("all")镇压警告,也可以放到类上面
@SuppressWarnings("all")
public void test02() {
List list = new ArrayList();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
test();
}
}
元注解
package com.siu.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
// 测试元注解
public class Test02 {
@MyAnnotation
public void test() {
}
}
// 定义一个注解
// Target表示注解可以放在哪些地方
@Target(value = {ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
// Retention表示注解在哪些地方有效
// RUNTIME > CLASS >SOURCE
@Retention(value = RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
// Documented表示是否将注解生成带JAVAdoc中
@Documented
// Inherited 表示子类可以继承父类的注解
@Inherited
@interface MyAnnotation {
}
自定义注解
package com.siu.annotation;
import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;
// 自定义注解
public class Test03 {
// 注解可以显示赋值,如果没有默认值,必须给注解赋值
@MyAnnotation2(name = "SIU", schools = "RealMadrid")
public void test() {}
@MyAnnotation3("SIU") // 只有一个参数且是value时,可以省略value
public void test2(){}
}
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation2 {
// 注解的参数:参数类型 + 参数名 + ()
String name() default "";
int age() default 0;
int id() default -1; // 如果默认值位-1,代表不存在
String[] schools() default {"Barcelona", "Manchester United"};
}
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface MyAnnotation3 {
String value();
}
反射
反射机制
静态VS动态语言
Java Reflection
Java 反射机制研究及应用
Java反射优缺点
主要API
package com.siu.reflection;
// 什么叫反射
public class Test02 extends Object {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// 通过反射获取类的class对象
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.User");
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.User");
Class c3 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.User");
Class c4 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.User");
// 一个类在内存中只有一个class对象
// 一个类被加载后,类的整个结构都被封装在Class对象中
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
System.out.println(c4.hashCode());
}
}
// 实体类:pojo, entity
class User {
private String name;
private int id;
private int age;
public User() {
}
public User(String name, int id, int age) {
this.name = name;
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
Class类
Class类常用方法
获取Class类的实例
package com.siu.reflection;
// 测试class类的创建方式有哪些
public class Test03 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
Person person = new Student();
System.out.println("这个人是:" + person.name);
// 方式1:通过对象获得
Class c1 = person.getClass();
System.out.println(c1.hashCode());
// 方式2:forName获得
Class c2 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.Student");
System.out.println(c2.hashCode());
// 方式3:通过类名.class
Class c3 = Student.class;
System.out.println(c3.hashCode());
// 方式4:基本内置的包装类都有一个TYPE属性
Class c4 = Integer.TYPE;
System.out.println(c4);
// 获得父类类型
Class c5 = c1.getSuperclass();
System.out.println(c5);
}
}
class Person {
public String name;
public Person() {
}
public Person(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Person{" + "name='" + name + '\'' + '}';
}
}
class Student extends Person {
public Student() {
this.name = "学生";
}
}
class Teacher extends Person {
public Teacher() {
this.name = "老师";
}
}
哪些类型可以有Class对象?
Java内存分析
类的加载与ClassLoader的理解
package com.siu.reflection;
public class Test05 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
A a = new A();
System.out.println(A.m);
/*
1、加载到内存,会产生一个类对应Class类
2、链接,链接结束后m=0
3、初始化
<clinit>(){
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
m = 100;
}
m = 100;
*/
}
}
class A{
static {
System.out.println("A类静态代码块初始化");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
public A(){
System.out.println("A类的无参构造初始化");
}
}
肾么时候会发生类初始化?
package com.siu.reflection;
// 测试类肾么时候会初始化
public class Test06 {
static {
System.out.println("Main类被加载");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// 主动引用
// Son son = new Son();
// 反射也会产生主动引用
// Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.Son");
// 不会产生类的引用的方法
// System.out.println(Son.b);
// Son[] array = new Son[5];
// 常量在链接阶段就被调入常用池
System.out.println(Son.M);
}
}
class Father {
static int b = 2;
static {
System.out.println("父类被加载");
}
}
class Son extends Father {
static {
System.out.println("子类被加载");
m = 300;
}
static int m = 100;
static final int M = 1;
}
类加载器的作用
package com.siu.reflection;
public class Test07 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {
// 获取系统类的加载器
ClassLoader systemClassLoader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
System.out.println(systemClassLoader);
// 获取系统类加载器的父类加载器-->扩展类加载器
ClassLoader parent = systemClassLoader.getParent();
System.out.println(parent);
// 获取扩展类加载器的父类加载器-->根加载器(C/C++)
ClassLoader parent1 = parent.getParent();
System.out.println(parent1);
// 测试当前类是哪个加载器加载的
ClassLoader classLoader = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.Test07").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
// 测试JDK内置类是谁加载的
classLoader = Class.forName("java.lang.Object").getClassLoader();
System.out.println(classLoader);
// 如何获得系统类加载器可以加载的路径
String property = System.getProperty("java.class.path");
System.out.println(property);
// 双亲委派机制
// java.lang.String-->
}
}
获取运行时类的完整结构
package com.siu.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
// 获得类的信息
public class Test08 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException, NoSuchMethodException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.User");
// 获得类的名字
System.out.println(c1.getName()); // 获得包名+类名
System.out.println(c1.getSimpleName()); // 获得类名
System.out.println(new User().getName());
// 获得类的属性
System.out.println("================================");
Field[] fields = c1.getFields(); // 只能找到public属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
fields = c1.getDeclaredFields(); // 可以找到全部属性
for (Field field : fields) {
System.out.println(field);
}
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); // 获得指定属性
System.out.println(name);
// 获得类的方法
System.out.println("================================");
Method[] methods = c1.getMethods(); // 包括父类方法,包括private
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
System.out.println("================================");
methods = c1.getDeclaredMethods(); // 不包括父类的方法,包括private
for (Method method : methods) {
System.out.println(method);
}
System.out.println("================================");
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null); // 获得指定方法,参数内空null
System.out.println(getName);
// 获得指定构造器
System.out.println("================================");
Constructor[] constructors = c1.getConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println(constructor);
}
constructors = c1.getDeclaredConstructors();
for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {
System.out.println("#" + constructor);
}
// 获得指定构造器
Constructor constructor = c1.getConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
System.out.println(constructor);
System.out.println(c1.getConstructor(null));
}
}
有了Class对象,能做肾么?
调用指定方法
setAccessible
package com.siu.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
// 通过反射动态创建对象
public class Test09 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.User");
// // 构造一个对象
// User user = (User) c1.newInstance(); // 本质上是调用了类的无参构造器
// System.out.println(user);
// // 通过构造器创建对象
// Constructor constructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class, int.class, int.class);
// User user2 = (User) constructor.newInstance("骡子", 007, 83);
// System.out.println(user2);
// 通过反射调用方法
User user3 = (User) c1.newInstance();
// 通过反射获取方法
Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class);
// invoke激活
// (对象, "方法的值")
setName.invoke(user3, "骡子1");
System.out.println(user3.getName());
// 通过方法操作属性
User user4 = (User) c1.newInstance();
Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name");
// 不能直接操作私有属性,需要关闭程序的程序安全检测,属性或者方法的setAccessible(true)
name.setAccessible(true); // 关闭权限
name.set(user4, "骡子2");
System.out.println(user4.getName());
}
}
性能分析
package com.siu.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
// 分析性能问题
public class Test10 {
// 普通方式调用
public static void test01() {
User user = new User();
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000_000; i++) {
user.getName();
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("普通方式:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
// 反射方式调用
public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000_000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user, null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
// 反射方法,关闭检测
public static void test03() throws InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMethodException {
User user = new User();
Class c1 = user.getClass();
Method getName = c1.getMethod("getName", null);
getName.setAccessible(true); // 关闭权限
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i < 1_000_000_000; i++) {
getName.invoke(user, null);
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("反射方式关闭检测:" + (endTime - startTime) + "ms");
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InvocationTargetException, NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException {
test01();
test02();
test03();
}
}
反射操作泛型(扩展)
package com.siu.reflection;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
// 通过反射获取泛型
public class Test1 {
public void test01(Map<String, User> map, List<User> list) {
System.out.println("test01");
}
public Map<String, User> test02() {
System.out.println("test02");
return null;
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException {
Method method = Test1.class.getMethod("test01", Map.class, List.class);
Type[] genericParameterTypes = method.getGenericParameterTypes();
for (Type genericParameterType : genericParameterTypes) {
System.out.println(genericParameterType);
if (genericParameterType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericParameterType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
System.out.println("========================================siu===================================");
method = Test1.class.getMethod("test02", null);
Type genericReturnType = method.getGenericReturnType();
if (genericReturnType instanceof ParameterizedType) {
Type[] actualTypeArguments = ((ParameterizedType) genericReturnType).getActualTypeArguments();
for (Type actualTypeArgument : actualTypeArguments) {
System.out.println(actualTypeArgument);
}
}
}
}
反射操作注解
练习:ORM
package com.siu.reflection;
import java.lang.annotation.*;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
// 练习反射操作注解
public class Test12 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException {
Class c1 = Class.forName("com.siu.reflection.Student2");
// 通过反射获得注解
Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations();
for (Annotation annotation : annotations) {
System.out.println(annotation);
}
// 获得注解的value的值
TableSiu table_siu = (TableSiu) c1.getAnnotation(TableSiu.class);
String value = table_siu.value();
System.out.println(value);
// 获得类指定的注解
Field f = c1.getDeclaredField("id");
FiledSiu annotation = f.getAnnotation(FiledSiu.class);
System.out.println(annotation.columnName());
System.out.println(annotation.type());
System.out.println(annotation.length());
}
}
@TableSiu("Siu")
class Student2 {
@FiledSiu(columnName = "db_id", type = "int", length = 10)
private int id;
@FiledSiu(columnName = "db_age", type = "int", length = 10)
private int age;
@FiledSiu(columnName = "db_name", type = "varchar", length = 3)
private String name;
public Student2(int id, int age, String name) {
this.id = id;
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public int getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public Student2() {
}
}
// 类名的注解
@Target({ElementType.TYPE})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface TableSiu {
String value();
}
// 属性的注解
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@interface FiledSiu {
String columnName();
String type();
int length();
}
标签:Java,name,System,笔记,class,println,注解,public,out
From: https://www.cnblogs.com/liujianwansui/p/16800737.html