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实验7：基于REST API的SDN北向应用实践

时间：2022-11-03 10:22:05浏览次数：36  
标签：url self VLAN flow REST switch API SDN id

一.实验目的

　　1.能够编写程序调用OpenDaylight REST API实现特定网络功能

　　2.能够编写程序调用Ryu REST API实现特定网络功能。

二.实验环境

　　1.下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox或VMware；

　　2.在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64，并完整安装Mininet、OpenDaylight（Carbon版本）、Postman和Ryu；

三.

(一)基本要求

编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口实现以下功能

（1） 利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，并连接OpenDaylight；

 运行 karaf 启动 ODL（不能用超级权限） 
$ ./distribution-karaf-0.6.4-Carbon/bin/karaf //Carbon 版本 
$ ./distribution-karaf-0.4.4-Beryllium-SR4/bin/karaf //Beryllium 版本 
生成拓扑 sudo mn --topo=single,3 --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6633 --switch ovsk,protocols=OpenFlow13

浏览器访问：http://控制器 IP 地址:8181/index.html，本实验中 ODL 若安装在本地，则使 用 http://127.0.0.1:8181/index.html 访问。 用户名 admin，密码 admin 

然后在生成拓扑的输入pingall

然后在ODL刷新

观察生成的拓扑

 

 

（2） 下发指令删除s1上的流表数据。

python代码

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def delete(url):
        url = url
        headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
        resp = requests.delete(url,headers=headers,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
        return resp

if __name__ == "__main__":
        url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/'
        resp = delete(url)
        print (resp.content)

然后运行

（3） 下发硬超时流表，实现拓扑内主机h1和h3网络中断20s。

先在生成的拓扑下输入命令

h1 ping h3

python 代码为

1.（3）
#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
def out(url,jstr):
    url = url
    headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
    resp = requests.put(url,jstr,headers=headers,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    return resp 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1'
    with open("./timeout.json") as f:
        j = f.read()
    resp = out(url,j)
    print (resp.content)

然后要创建一个timeout.json

{
  "flow": [
    {
      "id": "1",
      "match": {
        "in-port": "1",
        "ethernet-match": {
          "ethernet-type": {
            "type": "0x0800"
          }
        },
        "ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"
      },
      "instructions": {
        "instruction": [
          {
            "order": "0",
            "apply-actions": {
              "action": [
                {
                  "order": "0",
                  "drop-action": {}
                }
              ]
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      "flow-name": "flow",
      "priority": "65535",
      "hard-timeout": "20",
      "cookie": "2",
      "table_id": "0"
    }
  ]
}

然后运行后观察h1 ping h3 的情况

（4） 获取s1上活动的流表数。

python代码为

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
def getflowNum(url):
    url = url
    headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
    resp = requests.get(url,headers=headers,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    return resp 

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/opendaylight-flow-table-statistics:flow-table-statistics'
    resp = getflowNum(url)
    print (resp.content)

得到以下情况

 

 

2.编写Python程序，调用Ryu的北向接口实现以下功能

（1）实现上述OpenDaylight实验拓扑上相同的硬超时流表下发。

输入命令为

ryu-manager ryu/ryu/app/ofctl_rest.py ryu/ryu/app/simple_switch_13.py

打开ryu

运行拓扑为

生成拓扑 sudo mn --topo=single,3 --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6633 --switch ovsk,protocols=OpenFlow13

在拓扑中输入 h1 ping h3 命令

然后python代码为

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

if __name__ == '__main__':
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/stats/flowentry/add'
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    json = open('ryutimeout.json').read()
    response = requests.post(url, data=json, headers=headers)
    print(response.content)
ryutimeout.json这个文件为
{
    "dpid": 1,
    "cookie": 1,
    "cookie_mask": 1,
    "table_id": 0,
    "hard_timeout": 20,
    "priority": 65535,
    "flags": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port":1
    },
    "actions":[]
 }

观察 h1 ping h3 的情况

（2）参考Ryu REST API的文档，基于VLAN实验的网络拓扑，编程实现相同的VLAN配置。

VLAN_IDHosts
0 h1 h3
1 h2 h4

用Python代码建拓扑

ryu_topo.py为

rom mininet.topo import Topo

class ryu_topo(Topo):
    def __init__(self):
        Topo.__init__(self)
        self.addSwitch("s1")
        self.addSwitch("s2")
        self.addHost("h1")
        self.addHost("h2")
        self.addHost("h3")
        self.addHost("h4")
        self.addLink("s1","h1")
        self.addLink("s1","h2")
        self.addLink("s2","h3")
        self.addLink("s2","h4")
        self.addLink("s1","s2")
topos = {'ryu_topo': (lambda: ryu_topo())}

运行拓扑

sudo mn --custom ryu_topo.py --topo ryu_topo --mac --controller=remote,ip=127.0.0.1,port=6633 --switch ovsk,protocols=OpenFlow13

输入pingall

 

 

创建一个shell

ryu_shell.sh为

# To set VLAN ID to non-VLAN-tagged frame（s1从1、2口收到h1、h2发来的包并打上vlan_tag,从3口转发)
curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4096            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 2
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4097            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

#Pop the outer VLAN tag（ 将s1发回至h1、h2的包从1、2号端口脱掉vlan_tag)
curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 0
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Pop the outer VLAN tag
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 1
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 1,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Pop the outer VLAN tag
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

# To set VLAN ID to non-VLAN-tagged frame（s2从1、2口收到h3、h4发来的包并打上vlan_tag,从3口转发)
curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4096            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port": 2
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     # Push a new VLAN tag if a input frame is non-VLAN-tagged
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "SET_FIELD",
            "field": "vlan_vid",     # Set VLAN ID
            "value": 4097            # Describe sum of vlan_id(e.g. 6) | OFPVID_PRESENT(0x1000=4096)
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 3
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add


#Pop the outer VLAN tag（ 将s2发回至h3、h4的包从1、2号端口脱掉vlan_tag)
curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 0
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Pop the outer VLAN tag
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 1
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

 curl -X POST -d '{
    "dpid": 2,
    "priority": 1,
    "match":{
        "vlan_vid": 1
    },
    "actions":[
        {
            "type": "POP_VLAN",     # Pop the outer VLAN tag
            "ethertype": 33024       # Ethertype 0x8100(=33024): IEEE 802.1Q VLAN-tagged frame
        },
        {
            "type": "OUTPUT",
            "port": 2
        }
    ]
}' http://localhost:8080/stats/flowentry/add

然后在sudo  chmod +x ryu_shell.sh 赋予脚本执行

然后执行脚本

执行脚本之后

然后pingall

提示：拓扑生成后需连接Ryu，且Ryu应能够提供REST API服务

（二）进阶要求

OpenDaylight或Ryu任选其一，编程实现查看前序VLAN实验拓扑中所有节点（含交换机、主机）的名称，以及显示每台交换机的所有流表项。

 

 所以Python3代码为

def get_switch_id(self):
        url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/stats/switches'
        re_switch_id = requests.get(url=url).json()
        switch_id_hex = []
        for i in re_switch_id:
            switch_id_hex.append(hex(i))
        return switch_id_hex

 

 所以python3代码为

　　　　

def getflow(self):
        url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/stats/flow/%d'
        switch_list = self.get_switch_id()
        ret_flow = []
        for switch in switch_list:
            new_url = format(url % int(switch, 16))
            re_switch_flow = requests.get(url=new_url).json()
            ret_flow.append(re_switch_flow)
        return ret_flow

全部的pyhton3代码为

import requests
import time
import re


class GetNodes:
def __init__(self, ip):
self.ip = ip

def get_switch_id(self):
url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/stats/switches'
re_switch_id = requests.get(url=url).json()
switch_id_hex = []
for i in re_switch_id:
switch_id_hex.append(hex(i))

return switch_id_hex

def getflow(self):
url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/stats/flow/%d'
switch_list = self.get_switch_id()
ret_flow = []
for switch in switch_list:
new_url = format(url % int(switch, 16))
re_switch_flow = requests.get(url=new_url).json()
ret_flow.append(re_switch_flow)
return ret_flow

def show(self):
flow_list = self.getflow()
for flow in flow_list:
for dpid in flow.keys():
dp_id = dpid
switchnum= '{1}'.format(hex(int(dp_id)), int(dp_id))
print('s'+switchnum,end = " ")
switchnum = int(switchnum)
for list_table in flow.values():
for table in list_table:
string1 = str(table)
if re.search("'dl_vlan': '(.*?)'", string1) is not None:
num = re.search("'dl_vlan': '(.*?)'", string1).group(1);
if num == '0' and switchnum == 1:
print('h1',end = " ")
if num == '1' and switchnum == 1:
print('h2',end = " ")
if num == '0' and switchnum == 2:
print('h3',end = " ")
if num == '1' and switchnum == 2:
print('h4',end = " ")
print("")
flow_list = self.getflow()
for flow in flow_list:
for dpid in flow.keys():
dp_id = dpid
print('switch_name:s{1}'.format(hex(int(dp_id)), int(dp_id)))
for list_table in flow.values():
for table in list_table:
print(table)
s1 = GetNodes("127.0.0.1:8080")
s1.show()

然后运行结果

 个人总结：

这次主要就是看着文档，写url就行了。北向接口是实现控制器和开发者之间的交互。这次用的是python3来写的，python可能会报错。以前发送请求可以通过postman发送的，现在通过Python代码实现的，开发者和控制器之间通过编程来实现。基础就是前面的实现转变成python代码，前面odl和ryu实现，现在再做一遍，然后进阶实现的内容很多，一个一个慢慢去文档找，然后url输入，循环遍历，然后就能达到效果。ryu由python实现，然后支持of v1.0，v1.2 v1.3。ODL是有java实现的。两个控制器再一次进行操作，来对比他们之间的不同，对前面实验的复习。

标签：url,self,VLAN,flow,REST,switch,API,SDN,id
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/battlefield/p/16846113.html

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