代码随想录Day15

二叉树迭代遍历：

递归遍历是从后往前推，迭代遍历是从前往后推。

例如前序遍历：

中左右。我们用栈来实现迭代遍历的时候，由于栈是先进后出，压入栈的时候的顺序是中右左。// 前序遍历顺序：中-左-右，入栈顺序：中-右-左

class Solution {
    public List<Integer> preorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null){
            return result;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.isEmpty()){
            TreeNode node = stack.pop();
            result.add(node.val);
            if (node.right != null){
                stack.push(node.right);
            }
            if (node.left != null){
                stack.push(node.left);
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

// 中序遍历顺序: 左-中-右 入栈顺序： 左-右
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> inorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null){
            return result;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        TreeNode cur = root;
        while (cur != null || !stack.isEmpty()){
           if (cur != null){
               stack.push(cur);
               cur = cur.left;
           }else{
               cur = stack.pop();
               result.add(cur.val);
               cur = cur.right;
           }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

// 后序遍历顺序 左-右-中 入栈顺序：中-左-右 出栈顺序：中-右-左， 最后翻转结果
class Solution {
    public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
        if (root == null){
            return result;
        }
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        stack.push(root);
        while (!stack.isEmpty()){
            TreeNode node = stack.pop();
            result.add(node.val);
            if (node.left != null){
                stack.push(node.left);
            }
            if (node.right != null){
                stack.push(node.right);
            }
        }
        Collections.reverse(result);
        return result;
    }

}