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实验3

时间：2024-11-10 13:57:02浏览次数：1  
标签：std const cout int void 实验 string

任务一




#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::cout;

// °´Å¥Àà
class Button {
public:
    Button(const string &text);
    string get_label() const;
    void click();

private:
    string label;
};

Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
}

inline string Button::get_label() const {
    return label;
}

void Button::click() {
    cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
}
#include "window.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::cin;

void test() {
    Window w1("new window");
    w1.add_button("maximize");
    w1.display();
    w1.close();
}

int main() {
    cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
    test();
}
#pragma once
#include "button.hpp"
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>

using std::vector;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// ´°¿ÚÀà
class Window{
public:
    Window(const string &win_title);
    void display() const;
    void close();
    void add_button(const string &label);

private:
    string title;
    vector<Button> buttons;
};

Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
    buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
}

inline void Window::display() const {
    string s(40, '*');

    cout << s << endl;
    cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
    cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
    for(const auto &i: buttons)
        cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
    cout << s << endl;
}

void Window::close() {
    cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
    buttons.at(0).click();
}

void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
    buttons.push_back(Button(label));
}







 问题一：运用标准库中的vector和string 两个类；组合关系：window类中用Button类，button集合是window类的属性；


问题二：不适合，const修饰的对象是不可以更改的，而inline可以减少函数调用的开销；在小型函数中inline可以提高效率；


问题三：增强输出的可读性，作用是输出40个“*”；


任务二



#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
    for(auto &i: v)
        cout << i << ", ";
    cout << "\b\b \n";
}

void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
    for(auto &i: v) {
        for(auto &j: i)
            cout << j << ", ";
        cout << "\b\b \n";
    }
}

void test1() {
    vector<int> v1(5, 42);
    const vector<int> v2(v1);

    v1.at(0) = -999;
    cout << "v1: ";  output1(v1);
    cout << "v2: ";  output1(v2);
    cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
    cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
    const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);

    v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
    cout << "v1: \n";  output2(v1);
    cout << "v2: \n";  output2(v2);

    vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
    cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
    
    const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
    cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "²âتش1:\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n²âتش2:\n";
    test2();
}





 


问题一：初始化v1,并且v2复制v1,将v1的42改成-999；


问题二：初始化v1 ；v2为常量复制v1 ；将v1第一行中的最后一个改成-999；


问题三：将v1，v2的第一行元素分别复制给f1,f2，输出这一行最后一个元素;


问题四：进行深复制；


任务三：



#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <cassert>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 动态int数组对象类
class vectorInt{
public:
    vectorInt(int n);
    vectorInt(int n, int value);
    vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
    ~vectorInt();

    int& at(int index);
    const int& at(int index) const;

    vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
    int get_size() const;

private:
    int size;
    int *ptr;       // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
};

vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
}

vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
    for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = value;
}

vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
    for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
}

vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
    delete [] ptr;
}

const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);

    return ptr[index];
}

int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
    assert(index >= 0 && index < size);

    return ptr[index];
}

vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {  
    delete[] ptr;       // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源

    size = v.size;
    ptr = new int[size];

    for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
        ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];

    return *this;
}

int vectorInt::get_size() const {
    return size;
}
#include "vectorInt.hpp"

#include <iostream>



using std::cin;

using std::cout;



void output(const vectorInt &vi) {

    for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)

        cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";

    cout << "\b\b \n";

}





void test1() {

    int n;

    cout << "Enter n: ";

    cin >> n;



    vectorInt x1(n);

    for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)

        x1.at(i) = i*i;

    cout << "x1: ";  output(x1);



    vectorInt x2(n, 42);

    vectorInt x3(x2);

    x2.at(0) = -999;

    cout << "x2: ";  output(x2);

    cout << "x3: ";  output(x3);

}



void test2() {

    const vectorInt  x(5, 42);

    vectorInt y(10, 0);



    cout << "y: ";  output(y);

    y.assign(x);

    cout << "y: ";  output(y);

    

    cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;

    cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;

}



int main() {

    cout << "²âÊÔ1: \n";

    test1();



    cout << "\n²âÊÔ2: \n";

    test2();

}





 问题一：深


问题二：不能；报错：左操作数必须为左值；删除const后，可以运行；


问题三：可以改成vectorInt，但是需要额外空间；


任务四


#pragma once



#include <iostream>

#include <cassert>



using std::cout;

using std::endl;



// 类Matrix的声明

class Matrix {

public:

    Matrix(int n, int m);           // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value

    Matrix(int n);                  // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value

    Matrix(const Matrix &x);        // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造

    ~Matrix();



    void set(const double *pvalue);         // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值

    void clear();                           // 把矩阵对象的值置0

    

    const double& at(int i, int j) const;   // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用

    double& at(int i, int j);               // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用

    

    int get_lines() const;                  // 返回矩阵对象行数

    int get_cols() const;                   // 返回矩阵对象列数



    void display() const;                    // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值



private:

    int lines;      // 矩阵对象内元素行数

    int cols;       // 矩阵对象内元素列数

    double *ptr;

};



// 类Matrix的实现：待补足

// xMatrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x): lines{x.get_lines()}, cols{x.get_cols()}, ptr{new double[lines*cols]}{     for(int i = 0;i < lines;i++)          for(int j = 0;j < cols;j++){             *(ptr+cols*i+j) = x.ptr[cols*i + j];         }      }


  }
  
  Matrix::Matrix(int n, int m): lines{n}, cols{m}, ptr{new double[lines*cols]} {}
 
  Matrix::Matrix(int n): lines{n}, cols{n}, ptr{new double[lines*cols]} {}
  
  Matrix::~Matrix(){
      delete [] ptr;
  }
  
  void Matrix::set(const double *pvalue){
      for(int i = 0;i < lines;i++){
          for(int j = 0;j < cols;j++){
              *(ptr+cols*i+j) = *(pvalue+cols*i+j);
          }
      }
  }
  
  void Matrix::clear(){
      for(int i = 0;i < lines;i++){
          for(int j = 0;j < cols;j++){
              *(ptr+cols*i+j) = 0;
          }
      }
  }
  
  const double& Matrix::at(int i, int j) const{
      assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
      
      return *(ptr+cols*i+j);
  }
  
  double& Matrix::at(int i, int j){
      assert(i >= 0 && i < lines && j >= 0 && j < cols);
      
      return *(ptr+cols*i+j);
  }
  
  int Matrix::get_lines() const{
      return lines;
  }
  
  int Matrix::get_cols() const{
      return cols;
  }
  
 void Matrix::display() const{
      for(int i = 0;i < lines;i++){
          for(int j = 0;j < cols;j++){
              cout << *(ptr+cols*i+j) << " ";
          }
          cout << endl;
     }
  }
#include "matrix.hpp"

#include <iostream>

#include <cassert>



using std::cin;

using std::cout;

using std::endl;





const int N = 1000;



// 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素

void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {

    assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());



    for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)

        cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";

    cout << "\b\b \n";

}


void test1() {

    double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};



    int n, m;

    cout << "Enter n and m: ";

    cin >> n >> m;



    Matrix m1(n, m);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m

    m1.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值



    Matrix m2(m, n);    // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n

    m2.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值



    Matrix m3(2);       // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象

    m3.set(x);          // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值



    cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n";   m1.display();  cout << endl;

    cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n";   m2.display();  cout << endl;

    cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n";   m3.display();  cout << endl;

}



void test2() {

    Matrix m1(2, 3);

    m1.clear();

    

    const Matrix m2(m1);

    m1.at(0, 0) = -999;



    cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;

    cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;

    cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);

    cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);

}



int main() {

    cout << "测试1: \n";

    test1();



    cout << "测试2: \n";

    test2();

}




 任务五


#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class User {
public:
    User(const std::string& username, const std::string& password = "", const std::string& email = "");

    void set_email();
    void change_password();
    void display() const;
    
private:
    std::string username_;
    std::string password_;
    std::string email_;
};

// 构造函数实现
User::User(const std::string& username, const std::string& password, const std::string& email)
    : username_(username), password_(password), email_(email) {}

void User::set_email() {
    std::string input_email;
    bool has_at_symbol = false;
    do {
        std::cout << "Enter email for " << username_ << ": ";
        std::cin >> input_email;
      
        for (char c : input_email) {
            if (c == '@') {
                has_at_symbol = true;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!has_at_symbol) {
            std::cout << "无效的邮箱" << std::endl;
        }
    } while (!has_at_symbol);
    email_ = input_email;
}

void User::change_password() {
    std::string old_password;
    int attempts = 0;
    while (attempts < 3) {
        std::cout << "输入旧密码： " << username_ << ": ";
        std::cin >> old_password;
        if (old_password == password_) {
            std::string new_password;
            std::cout << "输入新密码： " << username_ << ": ";
            std::cin >> new_password;
            password_ = new_password;
            break;
        }
        else {
            attempts++;
            std::cout << "旧密码错误 " << 3 - attempts << std::endl;
        }
    }
    if (attempts == 3) {
        std::cout << "错误多次，稍后再试" << std::endl;
    }
}

void User::display() const {
    std::string password_display(password_.length(), '*');
    std::cout << "Username: " << username_ << ", Password: " << password_display << ", Email: " << email_;
}


#include "user.hpp"

#include <iostream>

#include <vector>

#include <string>



using std::cin;

using std::cout;

using std::endl;

using std::vector;

using std::string;



void test() {

    vector<User> user_lst;



    User u1("Alice", "2024113", "[email protected]");

    user_lst.push_back(u1);

    cout << endl;



    User u2("Bob");

    u2.set_email();

    u2.change_password();

    user_lst.push_back(u2);

    cout << endl;



    User u3("Hellen");

    u3.set_email();

    u3.change_password();

    user_lst.push_back(u3);

    cout << endl;



    cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;

    for(auto &i: user_lst) {

        i.display();

        cout << endl;

    }

}



int main() {

    test();

}




 任务六：


//account.h
#ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
#define __ACCOUNT_H__
#include "date.h"
#include <string>
class SavingsAccount {//储蓄账户类
 private:
    std::string id;//账号
        double balance;//余额
        double rate;//存款的年利率
        Date lastDate;//上次变更余额的时期
        double accumulation;//按日累加以和
        static double total;//所有账户的总金额
             //记录一笔账，date为日期，amount为金额，desc为说明
        void record(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);
    //报告错误信息
        void error(const std::string & msg) const;
    //获得指定日期为止的存款金额按日累增值
        double accumulate(const Date & date) const {
        return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
    }
public:
    //构造函数
        SavingsAccount(const Date & date, const std::string & id, double rate);//获得账号
        const std::string & getId() const { return id; } //获得余额
        double getBalance() const { return balance; } //获得年利率
        double getRate() const { return rate; }
    static double getTotal() { return total; }//存入现金
 void deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);//取出现金
        void withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const std::string & desc);//结算利息，每年1月1日调用一次该函数
        void settle(const Date & date);
        //显示账户信息
        void show() const;
};
#endif //__ACCOUNT_H__#pragma once


//date.h
 #ifndef __DATE_H__
#define __DATE_H__
 class Date {//日期类
private:
         int year; //年
         int month;//月
         int day;//日
         int totalDays;//该日期是从公元元年1月1日开始的第几天
 public:
         Date(int year, int month, int day);//用年、月、日构造日期
         int getYear() const { return year; }
         int getMonth() const { return month; }
         int getDay() const { return day; }
         int getMaxDay() const;//获得当月有多少天
         bool isLeapYear() const {//判断当年是否为闰年
                     return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
    }
     void show() const;//输出当前日期
         int distance(const Date & date) const {
        return totalDays - date.totalDays;
    }
};
 #endif //__DATE_H__


//account.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
//SavingsAccount类相关成员函数的实现
 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date &date,const string &id,double rate):id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::record(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
    accumulation = accumulate(date);
    lastDate = date;
    amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
    //保留小数点后两位
        balance += amount;
    total += amount;
    date.show();
    cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::error(const string & msg) const {
    cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
}
void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
    record(date, amount, desc);
}
void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
    if (amount > getBalance())
        error("not enough money");
    else
        record(date, -amount, desc);
}
void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date & date) {
    double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
    if (interest != 0)
        record(date, interest, "interest");
    accumulation = 0;
}
void SavingsAccount::show() const {
    cout << "ID: " << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
}


//date.cpp
#include "date.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
namespace {
    //namespace使下面的定义只在当前文件中有效
        const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 356 };
}
Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
    if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
        cout << "Invalid date: ";
        show();
        cout << endl;
        exit(1);
    }
    int years = year - 1;
    totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
    if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
}
int Date::getMaxDay() const {
    if (isLeapYear() && month == 2) return 29;
    else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
}
void Date::show() const {
    cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
}


//6.25.cpp
#include "account.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main() {
    Date date(2008, 11, 1);
    //起始日期
        //建立几个账户
        SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
       SavingsAccount(date, "03755217", 0.015),
       SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
     };
    //几笔账目
        accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
    accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
    accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
    accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
    //结算所有账户并输出各个账户信息
        cout << endl;
    for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); i++) {
        accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
        accounts[i].show();
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
    return 0;
}




标签：std,const,cout,int,void,实验,string	

From： https://www.cnblogs.com/jhgvj/p/18537897
      

      




      

      

        
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