实验任务1
button.hpp
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <string>
5
6 using std::string;
7 using std::cout;
8
9 // 按钮类
10 class Button {
11 public:
12 Button(const string &text);
13 string get_label() const;
14 void click();
15
16 private:
17 string label;
18 };
19
20 Button::Button(const string &text): label{text} {
21 }
22
23 inline string Button::get_label() const {
24 return label;
25 }
26
27 void Button::click() {
28 cout << "Button '" << label << "' clicked\n";
29 }
View Code
window.hpp
1 #pragma once
2 #include "button.hpp"
3 #include <vector>
4 #include <iostream>
5
6 using std::vector;
7 using std::cout;
8 using std::endl;
9
10 // 窗口类
11 class Window{
12 public:
13 Window(const string &win_title);
14 void display() const;
15 void close();
16 void add_button(const string &label);
17
18 private:
19 string title;
20 vector<Button> buttons;
21 };
22
23 Window::Window(const string &win_title): title{win_title} {
24 buttons.push_back(Button("close"));
25 }
26
27 inline void Window::display() const {
28 string s(40, '*');
29
30 cout << s << endl;
31 cout << "window title: " << title << endl;
32 cout << "It has " << buttons.size() << " buttons: " << endl;
33 for(const auto &i: buttons)
34 cout << i.get_label() << " button" << endl;
35 cout << s << endl;
36 }
37
38 void Window::close() {
39 cout << "close window '" << title << "'" << endl;
40 buttons.at(0).click();
41 }
42
43 void Window::add_button(const string &label) {
44 buttons.push_back(Button(label));
45 }
View Code
task1.cpp
1 #include "window.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::cin;
6
7 void test() {
8 Window w1("new window");
9 w1.add_button("maximize");
10 w1.display();
11 w1.close();
12 }
13
14 int main() {
15 cout << "用组合类模拟简单GUI:\n";
16 test();
17 }
View Code
问题一：定义了window和button两个类，使用了标准库的string、vector、iostream类
问题二：不需要加const和inline 因为这些成员函数调用的时候不会对数据造成改变，而且其调用频率比较低，不需要变成内联函数
问题三：其功能是创建一个长度为30的字符串，每一个字符都是*
实验任务2
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <vector>
3
4 using namespace std;
5
6 void output1(const vector<int> &v) {
7 for(auto &i: v)
8 cout << i << ", ";
9 cout << "\b\b \n";
10 }
11
12 void output2(const vector<vector<int>> v) {
13 for(auto &i: v) {
14 for(auto &j: i)
15 cout << j << ", ";
16 cout << "\b\b \n";
17 }
18 }
19
20 void test1() {
21 vector<int> v1(5, 42);
22 const vector<int> v2(v1);
23
24 v1.at(0) = -999;
25 cout << "v1: "; output1(v1);
26 cout << "v2: "; output1(v2);
27 cout << "v1.at(0) = " << v1.at(0) << endl;
28 cout << "v2.at(0) = " << v2.at(0) << endl;
29 }
30
31 void test2() {
32 vector<vector<int>> v1{{1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6, 7}};
33 const vector<vector<int>> v2(v1);
34
35 v1.at(0).push_back(-999);
36 cout << "v1: \n"; output2(v1);
37 cout << "v2: \n"; output2(v2);
38
39 vector<int> t1 = v1.at(0);
40 cout << t1.at(t1.size()-1) << endl;
41
42 const vector<int> t2 = v2.at(0);
43 cout << t2.at(t2.size()-1) << endl;
44 }
45
46 int main() {
47 cout << "测试1:\n";
48 test1();
49
50 cout << "\n测试2:\n";
51 test2();
52 }
View Code
问题一：第21行的代码是创建了一个名为v1的vector，包含五个元素，每个元素都是42
第22行的代码时创建了一个名为v2的vector，通过复制v1来初始化
第24行的代码是把v1的第0个元素改成-999，不影响v2
问题二：第32行代码创建了一个名为v1的二维vector
第33行代码创建了一个名为v2的二维vector，它通过复制v1来初始化，且值不能改变
第35行代码在v1索引为0的vector最后加一个元素-999
问题三：第39行代码创建了一个名为t1的int类型的vector，通过复制v1的第一个vector来初始化
第40行代码输出了t1最后一个元素的值
第42行代码创建了一个名为t2的int类型的vector，通过复制v2的第一个vector来初始化 ，且值不能被改变
第43行代码输出了t2最后一个元素的值
问题四：1、模板库内部封装的复制构造函数是浅复制；2、我觉得至少需要提供一个const成员作为接口，从而保证内部数据不易被改变
实验任务3
vectorInt.hpp
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <cassert>
5
6 using std::cout;
7 using std::endl;
8
9 // 动态int数组对象类
10 class vectorInt{
11 public:
12 vectorInt(int n);
13 vectorInt(int n, int value);
14 vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi);
15 ~vectorInt();
16
17 int& at(int index);
18 const int& at(int index) const;
19
20 vectorInt& assign(const vectorInt &v);
21 int get_size() const;
22
23 private:
24 int size;
25 int *ptr; // ptr指向包含size个int的数组
26 };
27
28 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
29 }
30
31 vectorInt::vectorInt(int n, int value): size{n}, ptr{new int[size]} {
32 for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
33 ptr[i] = value;
34 }
35
36 vectorInt::vectorInt(const vectorInt &vi): size{vi.size}, ptr{new int[size]} {
37 for(auto i = 0; i < size; ++i)
38 ptr[i] = vi.ptr[i];
39 }
40
41 vectorInt::~vectorInt() {
42 delete [] ptr;
43 }
44
45 const int& vectorInt::at(int index) const {
46 assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
47
48 return ptr[index];
49 }
50
51 int& vectorInt::at(int index) {
52 assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
53
54 return ptr[index];
55 }
56
57 vectorInt& vectorInt::assign(const vectorInt &v) {
58 delete[] ptr; // 释放对象中ptr原来指向的资源
59
60 size = v.size;
61 ptr = new int[size];
62
63 for(int i = 0; i < size; ++i)
64 ptr[i] = v.ptr[i];
65
66 return *this;
67 }
68
69 int vectorInt::get_size() const {
70 return size;
71 }
View Code
task3.cpp
1 #include "vectorInt.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cin;
5 using std::cout;
6
7 void output(const vectorInt &vi) {
8 for(auto i = 0; i < vi.get_size(); ++i)
9 cout << vi.at(i) << ", ";
10 cout << "\b\b \n";
11 }
12
13
14 void test1() {
15 int n;
16 cout << "Enter n: ";
17 cin >> n;
18
19 vectorInt x1(n);
20 for(auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
21 x1.at(i) = i*i;
22 cout << "x1: "; output(x1);
23
24 vectorInt x2(n, 42);
25 vectorInt x3(x2);
26 x2.at(0) = -999;
27 cout << "x2: "; output(x2);
28 cout << "x3: "; output(x3);
29 }
30
31 void test2() {
32 const vectorInt x(5, 42);
33 vectorInt y(10, 0);
34
35 cout << "y: "; output(y);
36 y.assign(x);
37 cout << "y: "; output(y);
38
39 cout << "x.at(0) = " << x.at(0) << endl;
40 cout << "y.at(0) = " << y.at(0) << endl;
41 }
42
43 int main() {
44 cout << "测试1: \n";
45 test1();
46
47 cout << "\n测试2: \n";
48 test2();
49 }
View Code
问题1：line14是深复制
问题2：将int&改成int后不能正常运行，at接口原来返回的是引用，允许直接修改元素值，改为int后返回的是值，意味着返回的是元素的拷贝，对原容器中值没有影响。line18前面的const删除返回值就变成了int&，允许修改元素值，与const成员函数相违背，存在安全隐患。
问题3：可以，但是不建议。返回一个新值可能会造成资源泄露，因为原对象中的资源在返回新对象后没有被正确释放。
实验任务4
Matrix.hpp
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <cassert>
5
6 using std::cout;
7 using std::endl;
8
9 // 类Matrix的声明
10 class Matrix {
11 public:
12 Matrix(int n, int m); // 构造函数，构造一个n*m的矩阵, 初始值为value
13 Matrix(int n); // 构造函数，构造一个n*n的矩阵, 初始值为value
14 Matrix(const Matrix &x); // 复制构造函数， 使用已有的矩阵X构造
15 ~Matrix();
16
17 void set(const double *pvalue); // 用pvalue指向的连续内存块数据按行为矩阵赋值
18 void clear(); // 把矩阵对象的值置0
19
20 const double& at(int i, int j) const; // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素const引用
21 double& at(int i, int j); // 返回矩阵对象索引(i,j)的元素引用
22
23 int get_lines() const; // 返回矩阵对象行数
24 int get_cols() const; // 返回矩阵对象列数
25
26 void display() const; // 按行显示矩阵对象元素值
27
28 private:
29 int lines; // 矩阵对象内元素行数
30 int cols; // 矩阵对象内元素列数
31 double *ptr;
32 };
33
34 Matrix::Matrix(int n,int m):lines{n},cols{m}{
35 ptr=new double[n*m];
36 }
37 Matrix::Matrix(int n){
38 ptr=new double[n*n];
39 }
40 Matrix::~Matrix(){
41 delete []ptr;
42 }
43 void Matrix::clear(){
44 for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;++i){
45 ptr[i]=0;
46 }
47 }
48 void Matrix::set(const double* pvalue){
49 for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++){
50 ptr[i]=pvalue[i];
51 }
52 }
53 Matrix::Matrix(const Matrix &x):lines{x.lines},cols{x.cols}{
54 ptr=new double[lines*cols];
55 for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++){
56 ptr[i]=x.ptr[i];
57 }
58 }
59 const double& Matrix::at(int i,int j)const {
60 return ptr[i*cols+j];
61 }
62 double& Matrix::at(int i,int j){
63 return ptr[i*cols+j];
64 }
65 int Matrix::get_lines()const{
66 return lines;
67 }
68 int Matrix::get_cols()const{
69 return cols;
70 }
71 void Matrix::display()const{
72 for(int i=0;i<lines*cols;i++){
73 if((i+1)%cols!=0){
74 cout<<ptr[i]<<" ,";
75 }else{
76 cout<<ptr[i]<<endl;
77 }
78 }
79 }
View Code
1 #include "matrix.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <cassert>
4
5 using std::cin;
6 using std::cout;
7 using std::endl;
8
9
10 const int N = 1000;
11
12 // 输出矩阵对象索引为index所在行的所有元素
13 void output(const Matrix &m, int index) {
14 assert(index >= 0 && index < m.get_lines());
15
16 for(auto j = 0; j < m.get_cols(); ++j)
17 cout << m.at(index, j) << ", ";
18 cout << "\b\b \n";
19 }
20
21
22 void test1() {
23 double x[1000] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
24
25 int n, m;
26 cout << "Enter n and m: ";
27 cin >> n >> m;
28
29 Matrix m1(n, m); // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小n×m
30 m1.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
31
32 Matrix m2(m, n); // 创建矩阵对象m1, 大小m×n
33 m2.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m1赋值
34
35 Matrix m3(2); // 创建一个2×2矩阵对象
36 m3.set(x); // 用一维数组x的值按行为矩阵m4赋值
37
38 cout << "矩阵对象m1: \n"; m1.display(); cout << endl;
39 cout << "矩阵对象m2: \n"; m2.display(); cout << endl;
40 cout << "矩阵对象m3: \n"; m3.display(); cout << endl;
41 }
42
43 void test2() {
44 Matrix m1(2, 3);
45 m1.clear();
46
47 const Matrix m2(m1);
48 m1.at(0, 0) = -999;
49
50 cout << "m1.at(0, 0) = " << m1.at(0, 0) << endl;
51 cout << "m2.at(0, 0) = " << m2.at(0, 0) << endl;
52 cout << "矩阵对象m1第0行: "; output(m1, 0);
53 cout << "矩阵对象m2第0行: "; output(m2, 0);
54 }
55
56 int main() {
57 cout << "测试1: \n";
58 test1();
59
60 cout << "测试2: \n";
61 test2();
62 }
View Code
实验任务5
user.hpp
1 #pragma once
2 #include<iostream>
3 #include<vector>
4 using namespace std;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::cin;
7 using std::cout;
8 using std::string;
9 class User{
10 public:
11 User(string Name,string Password="123456",string Email="");
12 void set_email();
13 void change_password();
14 void display() const;
15 private:
16 string name,password,email;
17 };
18
19 User::User(string Name,string Password,string Email):name(Name),password(Password),email(Email){};
20 void set_email(){
21 cout<<"Enter email address:";
22 string email1;
23 int flag=1;
24 while(1){
25 cin>>email1;
26 flag=1;
27 if(email1.find("@")!=-1){
28 flag=0;
29 }
30 if (flag==0) {
31 break;
32 }
33 else{
34 cout<<"illegal email.Please re-enter email:";
35 }
36 }email=email1;
37 cout<<"email is set successfully..."<<endl;
38 }
39
40 void change_password(){
41 cout<<"Enter old password:";
42 int count,flag=1;
43 while(1){
44 string password1;
45 if(password1!=password){
46 cout<<"password input error.Please re-enter again:";
47 count++;
48 }else{
49 break;
50 }if(count==3){
51 cout<<"password input error.Please try after a while."<<endl;
52 flag=0;
53 break;
54 }
55 }if (flag){
56 cout<<"Enter new password:";
57 cin>>password;
58 cout<<"new password is set successfully..."<<endl;
59 }
60 }
61 void display()const{
62 int length=0;
63 length=password.size();
64 string str(length,'*');
65 cout<<"name: " <<name<<endl;
66 cout<<"pass: " <<password<<endl;
67 cout<<"email: "<<email<<endl;
68 cout<<endl;
69 }
View Code
task5.cpp
1 #include "user.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <vector>
4 #include <string>
5
6 using std::cin;
7 using std::cout;
8 using std::endl;
9 using std::vector;
10 using std::string;
11
12 void test() {
13 vector<User> user_lst;
14
15 User u1("Alice", "2024113", "[email protected]");
16 user_lst.push_back(u1);
17 cout << endl;
18
19 User u2("Bob");
20 u2.set_email();
21 u2.change_password();
22 user_lst.push_back(u2);
23 cout << endl;
24
25 User u3("Hellen");
26 u3.set_email();
27 u3.change_password();
28 user_lst.push_back(u3);
29 cout << endl;
30
31 cout << "There are " << user_lst.size() << " users. they are: " << endl;
32 for(auto &i: user_lst) {
33 i.display();
34 cout << endl;
35 }
36 }
37
38 int main() {
39 test();
40 }
View Code
实验任务6
account.h
1 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
2 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
3 #include "date.h"
4 #include <string>
5 class SavingsAccount {
6
7 private:
8 std::string id;
9 double balance,rate,accumulation;
10 Date lastDate;
11 static double total;
12
13 void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
14
15 void error(const std::string& msg) const;
16
17 double accumulate(const Date& date) const {
18 return accumulation + balance * date.distance(lastDate);
19 }
20 public:
21 SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
22 const std::string& getId() const { return id; }
23 double getBalance() const { return balance; }
24 double getRate() const { return rate; }
25 static double getTotal() { return total; }
26
27 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
28
29 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
30
31 void settle(const Date& date);
32
33 void show() const;
34 };
35 #endif
View Code
account.cpp
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include <cmath>
3 #include <iostream>
4 using namespace std;
5 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
6 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate) :id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
7 date.show();
8 cout << "\t#" << id << "created" << endl;
9 }
10 void SavingsAccount::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
11 accumulation = accumulate(date);
12 lastDate = date;
13 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
14 balance += amount;
15 total += amount;
16 date.show();
17 cout << "t\#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
18 }
19 void SavingsAccount::error(const string& msg) const {
20 cout << "Error(# " << id << " ):" << msg << endl;
21 }
22 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date & date, double amount, const string & desc) {
23 record(date, amount, desc);
24 }
25 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date & date, double amount, const string& desc) {
26 if (amount > getBalance())
27 error("not enough money");
28 else
29 record(date, -amount, desc);
30 }
31 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
32 double interest = accumulate(date) * rate//计算年息
33 / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
34 if (interest != 0)
35 record(date, interest, "interest");
36 accumulation = 0;
37 }
38 void SavingsAccount::show() const {
39 cout << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
40 }
View Code
date.h
1 #ifndef __DATE_H__
2 #define __DATE_H__
3 class Date{
4 private:
5 int year,month,day,totalDays;
6 public:
7 Date(int year,int month,int day);
8 int getYear()const{return year;}
9 int getMonth()const{return month;}
10 int getDay() const{return day;}
11 int getMaxDay() const;
12 bool isLeapYear()const{
13 return year%4==0 && year%100!=0 ||year%400==0;
14 }
15 void show()const;
16 int distance(const Date &date)const{
17 return totalDays-date.totalDays;
18 }
19
20 };
21 #endif / / _DATE_H__
View Code
date.cpp
1 #include "date.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <cstdlib>
4 using namespace std;
5 namespace {
6 const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
7 }
8 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
9 if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
10 cout << "Invalid date:";
11 show();
12 cout << endl;
13 exit(1);
14 }
15 int years = year - 1;
16 totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
17 if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
18 }
19 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
20 if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
21 return 29;
22 else
23 return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
24 }
25 void Date::show() const{
26 cout << getYear() << " - " << getMonth() << " - " << getDay();
27 }
View Code
6.25.cpp
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 using namespace std;
4 int main() {
5 //起始日期
6 Date date(2008, 11, 1);
7 //建立几个账户
8 SavingsAccount accounts[] = {
9 SavingsAccount(date,"03755217",0.015),
10 SavingsAccount(date, "02342342", 0.015)
11 };
12 const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(SavingsAccount); //账户总数
13
14 accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
15 accounts[1].deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
16
17 accounts[0].deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
18 accounts[1].withdraw(Date(2008, 12, 20), 4000, "buy a laptop");
19
20 cout << endl;
21 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
22 accounts[i].settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
23 accounts[i].show();
24 cout << endl;
25 }
26 cout << "Total: " << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
27 return 0;
28 }
View Code
标签：std,const,cout,对象,int,实验,using,include From： https://www.cnblogs.com/wyhzmd/p/18526021