实验6：开源控制器实践——RYU

标签：控制器 parser datapath port msg 开源 ofproto RYU id

实验6：开源控制器实践——RYU

一、实验目的

1.能够独立部署RYU控制器；
2.能够理解RYU控制器实现软件定义的集线器原理；
3.能够理解RYU控制器实现软件定义的交换机原理。

二、实验环境

Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64

三、实验要求
（一）基本要求

1.搭建下图所示SDN拓扑，协议使用Open Flow 1.0，并连接Ryu控制器，通过Ryu的图形界面查看网络拓扑。

构建拓扑

连接ryu控制器

通过Ryu的图形界面查看网络拓扑,在浏览器中输入127.0.0.1:8080

2.阅读Ryu文档的The First Application一节，运行当中的L2Switch，h1 ping h2或h3，在目标主机使用 tcpdump 验证L2Switch，分析L2Switch和POX的Hub模块有何不同。

编写L2Switch.py

点击查看代码

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_0

class L2Switch(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_0.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(L2Switch, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        dp = msg.datapath
        ofp = dp.ofproto
        ofp_parser = dp.ofproto_parser

        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD)]

        data = None
        if msg.buffer_id == ofp.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
            data = msg.data

        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
            datapath=dp, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=msg.in_port,
            actions=actions, data = data)
        dp.send_msg(out)

运行L2Switch.py

重新构建拓扑，并对h2、h3节点进行抓包

h1 ping h2

h1 ping h3

查看流表

分析可得在RYU控制器下查看不到流表，但是在POX控制器下就可以看到流表

3.编程修改L2Switch.py，另存为L2xxxxxxxxx.py，使之和POX的Hub模块的变得一致？（xxxxxxxxx为学号）

修改L2Switch.py为L2-211806143.py

点击查看代码

from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3

class L2Switch(app_manager.RyuApp):
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(L2Switch, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        match = parser.OFPMatch()
        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                        ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)

    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions, buffer_id=None):
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
                                            actions)]
        if buffer_id:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=buffer_id,
                                    priority=priority, match=match,
                                    instructions=inst)
        else:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority,
                                    match=match, instructions=inst)
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        msg = ev.msg
        dp = msg.datapath
        ofp = dp.ofproto
        ofp_parser = dp.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']

        actions = [ofp_parser.OFPActionOutput(ofp.OFPP_FLOOD)]

        data = None
        if msg.buffer_id == ofp.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
            data = msg.data

        out = ofp_parser.OFPPacketOut(
            datapath=dp, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id, in_port=in_port,
            actions=actions, data = data)
        dp.send_msg(out)

运行L2-21180143.py并创建拓扑进行测试

（二）进阶要求

1.阅读Ryu关于simple_switch.py和simple_switch_1x.py的实现，以simple_switch_13.py为例，完成其代码的注释工作，并回答下列问题：

注释simple_switch_13.py代码

点击查看代码

# Copyright (C) 2011 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# 引入包
from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.lib.packet import ether_types


class SimpleSwitch13(app_manager.RyuApp):
    # 指定OpenFlow版本为1.3
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(SimpleSwitch13, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.mac_to_port = {} # 一个保存(交换机id, mac地址)到转发端口的字典

    # 处理EventOFPSwitchFeatures事件
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install table-miss flow entry
        #
        # We specify NO BUFFER to max_len of the output action due to
        # OVS bug. At this moment, if we specify a lesser number, e.g.,
        # 128, OVS will send Packet-In with invalid buffer_id and
        # truncated packet data. In that case, we cannot output packets
        # correctly.  The bug has been fixed in OVS v2.1.0.
        match = parser.OFPMatch()#match：流表项匹配，OFPMatch()：不匹配任何信息
        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                        ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)#添加流表项

    # 添加流表
    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions, buffer_id=None):
        # 获取交换机信息
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # 包装action 
        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
                                           actions)]
        # 判断是否有buffer_id，生成相应的mod对象
        if buffer_id:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=buffer_id,
                                    priority=priority, match=match,
                                    instructions=inst)
        else:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority,
                                    match=match, instructions=inst)
        # 发送mod
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    # 触发packet in事件时，调用_packet_in_handler函数
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def _packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        # If you hit this you might want to increase
        # the "miss_send_length" of your switch
        if ev.msg.msg_len < ev.msg.total_len:
            self.logger.debug("packet truncated: only %s of %s bytes",
                            ev.msg.msg_len, ev.msg.total_len)
        # 获取Packet_In报文中的各种信息：包信息，交换机信息，协议等等
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']

        pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data)
        eth = pkt.get_protocols(ethernet.ethernet)[0]

        # 忽略LLDP类型
        if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP:
            # ignore lldp packet
            return

        # 获取源端口，目的端口
        dst = eth.dst
        src = eth.src

        dpid = format(datapath.id, "d").zfill(16)
        self.mac_to_port.setdefault(dpid, {})

        self.logger.info("packet in %s %s %s %s", dpid, src, dst, in_port)

        # 学习包的源地址，和交换机上的入端口绑定
        # learn a mac address to avoid FLOOD next time.
        self.mac_to_port[dpid][src] = in_port

        # 在字典中查找目的mac地址是否有对应的出端口 
        if dst in self.mac_to_port[dpid]:
            out_port = self.mac_to_port[dpid][dst]
        # 没有就进行洪泛
        else:
            out_port = ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD

        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]

        # 下发流表处理后续包，不再触发 packet in 事件
        # install a flow to avoid packet_in next time
        if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD:
            match = parser.OFPMatch(in_port=in_port, eth_dst=dst, eth_src=src)
            # verify if we have a valid buffer_id, if yes avoid to send both
            # flow_mod & packet_out
            if msg.buffer_id != ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
                self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions, msg.buffer_id)
                return
            else:
                self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)
        data = None
        if msg.buffer_id == ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
            data = msg.data
    	# 发送Packet_out数据包
        out = parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,
                                  in_port=in_port, actions=actions, data=data)
        # 发送流表
        datapath.send_msg(out)

a) 代码当中的mac_to_port的作用是什么？解：保存mac地址到交换机端口的映射。

b) simple_switch和simple_switch_13在dpid的输出上有何不同？
解：1.simple_switch 直接输出dpid
“simple_switch.py : dpid = datapath.id”
2.simple_switch_13将dpid填充0至16位
“simple_switch_13.py：dpid = format(datapath.id, "d").zfill(16)”

c) 相比simple_switch，simple_switch_13增加的switch_feature_handler实现了什么功能？
解：switch_feature_handler的作用是：将缺失流表项添加到流表中，当封包没有匹配到流表项时，就触发packet_in。

d) simple_switch_13是如何实现流规则下发的？
解：1.在接收到packetin事件后，首先获取包学习，交换机信息，以太网信息，协议信息等。
2.如果以太网类型是LLDP类型，则不予处理。如果不是，则获取源端口目的端口，以及交换机id，先学习源地址对应的交换机的入端口，再查看是否已经学习目的mac地址，如果没有则进行洪泛转发。
3.如果学习过该mac地址，则查看是否有buffer_id，如果有的话，则在添加流动作时加上buffer_id，向交换机发送流表。

e) switch_features_handler和_packet_in_handler两个事件在发送流规则的优先级上有何不同？
解：switch_features_handler下发流表的优先级更高。

2.编程实现和ODL实验的一样的硬超时功能。

通过手动操作控制L2_212006158.py实现硬超时功能

通过代码实现硬超时功能

点击查看代码

# Copyright (C) 2011 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or
# implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# 引入包
from ryu.base import app_manager
from ryu.controller import ofp_event
from ryu.controller.handler import CONFIG_DISPATCHER, MAIN_DISPATCHER
from ryu.controller.handler import set_ev_cls
from ryu.ofproto import ofproto_v1_3
from ryu.lib.packet import packet
from ryu.lib.packet import ethernet
from ryu.lib.packet import ether_types


class SimpleSwitch13(app_manager.RyuApp):
    # 指定OpenFlow版本为1.3
    OFP_VERSIONS = [ofproto_v1_3.OFP_VERSION]

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(SimpleSwitch13, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.mac_to_port = {} # 一个保存(交换机id, mac地址)到转发端口的字典

    # 处理EventOFPSwitchFeatures事件
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPSwitchFeatures, CONFIG_DISPATCHER)
    def switch_features_handler(self, ev):
        datapath = ev.msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # install table-miss flow entry
        #
        # We specify NO BUFFER to max_len of the output action due to
        # OVS bug. At this moment, if we specify a lesser number, e.g.,
        # 128, OVS will send Packet-In with invalid buffer_id and
        # truncated packet data. In that case, we cannot output packets
        # correctly.  The bug has been fixed in OVS v2.1.0.
        match = parser.OFPMatch()#match：流表项匹配，OFPMatch()：不匹配任何信息
        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(ofproto.OFPP_CONTROLLER,
                                        ofproto.OFPCML_NO_BUFFER)]
        self.add_flow(datapath, 0, match, actions)#添加流表项

    # 添加流表
    def add_flow(self, datapath, priority, match, actions, buffer_id=None,hard_timeout=0):
        # 获取交换机信息
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser

        # 包装action 
        inst = [parser.OFPInstructionActions(ofproto.OFPIT_APPLY_ACTIONS,
                                            actions)]
        # 判断是否有buffer_id，生成相应的mod对象
        if buffer_id:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=buffer_id,
                                    priority=priority, match=match,
                                    instructions=inst,hard_timeout=hard_timeout)
        else:
            mod = parser.OFPFlowMod(datapath=datapath, priority=priority,
                                    match=match, instructions=inst,hard_timeout=hard_timeout)
        # 发送mod
        datapath.send_msg(mod)

    # 触发packet in事件时，调用_packet_in_handler函数
    @set_ev_cls(ofp_event.EventOFPPacketIn, MAIN_DISPATCHER)
    def _packet_in_handler(self, ev):
        # If you hit this you might want to increase
        # the "miss_send_length" of your switch
        if ev.msg.msg_len < ev.msg.total_len:
            self.logger.debug("packet truncated: only %s of %s bytes",
                            ev.msg.msg_len, ev.msg.total_len)
        # 获取Packet_In报文中的各种信息：包信息，交换机信息，协议等等
        msg = ev.msg
        datapath = msg.datapath
        ofproto = datapath.ofproto
        parser = datapath.ofproto_parser
        in_port = msg.match['in_port']

        pkt = packet.Packet(msg.data)
        eth = pkt.get_protocols(ethernet.ethernet)[0]

        # 忽略LLDP类型
        if eth.ethertype == ether_types.ETH_TYPE_LLDP:
            # ignore lldp packet
            return

        # 获取源端口，目的端口
        dst = eth.dst
        src = eth.src

        dpid = format(datapath.id, "d").zfill(16)
        self.mac_to_port.setdefault(dpid, {})

        self.logger.info("packet in %s %s %s %s", dpid, src, dst, in_port)

        # 学习包的源地址，和交换机上的入端口绑定
        # learn a mac address to avoid FLOOD next time.
        self.mac_to_port[dpid][src] = in_port

        # 在字典中查找目的mac地址是否有对应的出端口 
        if dst in self.mac_to_port[dpid]:
            out_port = self.mac_to_port[dpid][dst]
        # 没有就进行洪泛
        else:
            out_port = ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD

        actions = [parser.OFPActionOutput(out_port)]
        actions_timeout = []

        # 下发流表处理后续包，不再触发 packet in 事件
        # install a flow to avoid packet_in next time
        if out_port != ofproto.OFPP_FLOOD:
            match = parser.OFPMatch(in_port=in_port, eth_dst=dst, eth_src=src)
            # verify if we have a valid buffer_id, if yes avoid to send both
            # flow_mod & packet_out
            if msg.buffer_id != ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
                self.add_flow(datapath, 2, match, actions_timeout, msg.buffer_id,hard_timeout=10)
                self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions, msg.buffer_id)
                return
            else:
                self.add_flow(datapath, 2, match, actions_timeout,hard_timeout=10)
                self.add_flow(datapath, 1, match, actions)
        data = None
        if msg.buffer_id == ofproto.OFP_NO_BUFFER:
            data = msg.data
    	# 发送Packet_out数据包
        out = parser.OFPPacketOut(datapath=datapath, buffer_id=msg.buffer_id,
                                    in_port=in_port, actions=actions, data=data)
        # 发送流表
        datapath.send_msg(out)

（三）个人感想
1.在编程实现和ODL实验的一样的硬超时功能这一步骤中代码一直出现问题，看了老师提供的资料，还是不行，果然代码不适合我。
2.在这几次实验下来，发现每个控制器实现软件定义的方式都不一样，在RYU控制器中，是通过一个事件接受队列来处理进程实现各种功能。灵活性更高，可以自定义管理交换机，路由器等设备，但是需要编写代码，令人望而止步。

标签：控制器,parser,datapath,port,msg,开源,ofproto,RYU,id
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/211806143zhanglemnin/p/16837894.html

实验6：开源控制器实践——RYU

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