1. 实验任务1
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <string>
4
5 // 类T: 声明
6 class T {
7 // 对象属性、方法
8 public:
9 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数
10 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
11 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
12 ~T(); // 析构函数
13
14 void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据
15 void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22 static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数
23
24 public:
25 static const std::string doc; // 类T的描述信息
26 static const int max_cnt; // 类T对象上限
27
28 private:
29 static int cnt; // 当前T类对象数目
30
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32 friend void func();
33 };
34
35 // 普通函数声明
36 void func();
1 // 类T: 实现
2 // 普通函数实现
3
4 #include "t.h"
5 #include <iostream>
6 #include <string>
7
8 using std::cout;
9 using std::endl;
10 using std::string;
11
12 // static成员数据类外初始化
13 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
14 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
15 int T::cnt = 0;
16
17
18 // 对象方法
19 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
20 ++cnt;
21 cout << "T constructor called.\n";
22 }
23
24 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
25 ++cnt;
26 cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
27 }
28
29 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
30 ++cnt;
31 cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
32 }
33
34 T::~T() {
35 --cnt;
36 cout << "T destructor called.\n";
37 }
38
39 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
40 m1 *= ratio;
41 m2 *= ratio;
42 }
43
44 void T::display() const {
45 cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
46 }
47
48 // 类方法
49 int T::get_cnt() {
50 return cnt;
51 }
52
53 // 友元
54 void func() {
55 T t5(42);
56 t5.m2 = 2049;
57 cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
58 }
问题1：
不能去掉line36
分析原因：line32只是表明func与这个类的关系，没有起到声明函数的作用
问题2：
1. 普通构造函数
功能:
初始化对象的基本属性。
可以提供默认参数值。
调用时机:
当使用new创建对象时。
当在栈上定义对象时。
当创建对象的临时副本时。
2. 复制构造函数
功能:
创建一个对象的副本。
适用于需要深拷贝的情况。
调用时机:
当传递对象作为参数时。
当返回对象时。
当对象被复制初始化时。
3. 移动构造函数
功能:
允许将资源的所有权从一个对象转移到另一个对象，而不进行深拷贝。
通常用于优化性能，尤其是涉及动态内存分配时。
调用时机:
当对象被移动。
当临时对象被初始化到另一个对象时。
4.析构函数
功能:
清理对象的资源，释放动态分配的内存。
在对象生命周期结束时被调用。
调用时机:
当对象超出作用域。
当使用delete释放动态分配的对象。
当一个对象的生命周期结束。
问题3：
调整后无法正常编译运行
2.实验任务2
Complex.h
1 #ifndef COMPLEX_H
2 #define COMPLEX_H
3
4 #include <iostream>
5
6 class Complex {
7 private:
8 double real;
9 double imag;
10
11 public:
12
13 Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0);
14 Complex(const Complex &other);
15
16 double get_real() const;
17 double get_imag() const;
18
19
20 void add(const Complex &other) ;
21
22 friend bool is_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
23 friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
24
25 friend Complex add(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
26 friend void output(const Complex &other);
27 friend double abs(const Complex &other);
28
29 static char doc[40];
30 };
31
32 bool is_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
33 bool is_not_equal(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
34
35 Complex add(const Complex &other1 , const Complex &other2);
36 void output(const Complex &other);
37 double abs(const Complex &other);
38
39 #endif
Complex.cpp
1 #include "Complex.h"
2 #include <cmath>
3
4 Complex::Complex(double r, double i) : real(r), imag(i) {}
5
6 double Complex::get_real() const {
7 return real;
8 }
9
10 double Complex::get_imag() const {
11 return imag;
12 }
13
14 Complex::Complex(const Complex &other){
15 real = other.get_real();
16 imag = other.get_imag();
17 }
18
19 void Complex::add(const Complex& other){
20 real += other.real;
21 imag += other.imag;
22
23 return ;
24 }
25
26 double abs(const Complex& other){
27
28 double sum;
29 sum = other.imag * other.imag + other.real * other.real;
30 double ave = sqrt(sum);
31 return ave;
32 }
33
34 bool is_equal(const Complex& other1 , const Complex& other2){
35 if(other1.get_imag() == other2.get_imag() && other1.get_real() == other2.get_real()){
36 return true;
37 }
38
39 else
40 return false;
41 }
42
43 bool is_not_equal(const Complex& other1 , const Complex& other2){
44 if(other1.get_imag() == other2.get_imag() && other1.get_real() == other2.get_real()){
45 return false;
46 }
47
48 else
49 return true;
50 }
51
52 Complex add(const Complex& other1 , const Complex& other2){
53 return Complex(other1.get_real() + other2.get_real() , other1.get_imag() + other2.get_imag());
54 }
55
56 void output(const Complex& other){
57 std::cout << other.get_real();
58 double imagy;
59 if(other.get_imag() < 0){
60 std::cout << " - ";
61 imagy = (-1.0) * other.get_imag();
62 }
63 else{
64 std::cout << " + ";
65 imagy = other.get_imag();
66 }
67 std::cout << imagy << 'i';
68
69
70 return;
71 }
72
73 char Complex::doc[40] = {"a simplified Complex class"};
task2.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include "Complex.h"
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::boolalpha;
7
8 void test() {
9 cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
10 cout << Complex::doc << endl;
11
12 cout << endl;
13
14 cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
15 Complex c1;
16 Complex c2(3, -4);
17 const Complex c3(3.5);
18 Complex c4(c3);
19
20 cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
21 cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
22 cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
23 cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
24 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << endl;
25
26 cout << endl;
27
28 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
29 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
30 c1.add(c2);
31 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
32 cout << boolalpha;
33 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
34 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
35 c4 = add(c2, c3);
36 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
37 }
38
39 int main() {
40 test();
41 }
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::boolalpha;
7 using std::complex;
8
9 void test() {
10 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
11 complex<double> c1;
12 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
13 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
14 complex<double> c4(c3);
15
16 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
17 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
18 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
19 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
20 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() << endl;
21 cout << endl;
22
23 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
24 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
25 c1 += c2;
26 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
27 cout << boolalpha;
28 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
29 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
30 c4 = c2 + c3;
31 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
32 }
33
34 int main() {
35 test();
36 }
1 #ifndef FRACTION_H
2 #define FRACTION_H
3
4 #include <iostream>
5 #include <numeric>
6 #include <stdexcept>
7 #include <string>
8
9 using std::string;
10
11 class Fraction {
12 private:
13 int up;
14 int down;
15
16 void reduce();
17
18 public:
19 static string doc;
20
21 Fraction(int num = 0, int denom = 1);
22 Fraction(const Fraction &f);
23
24 Fraction negative() const;
25 int get_up() const;
26 int get_down() const;
27
28 friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
29 friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
30 friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
31 friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2);
32 friend void output(const Fraction &f);
33 };
34
35 #endif
Fraction.cpp
1 #include "Fraction.h"
2 #include <cstdlib>
3
4 string Fraction::doc {"Fraction类 v 0.01版.\n目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算."};
5
6 Fraction::Fraction(int num, int denom) : up(num), down(denom) {
7 if (denom == 0) {
8 std::cout << "分母不能为零" << std::endl;
9 exit(0);
10 }
11 reduce();
12 }
13
14 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction &f) : up(f.up), down(f.down) {}
15
16
17 int gcd(int a, int b) {
18
19 while (b != 0) {
20 int temp = b;
21 b = a % b;
22 a = temp;
23 }
24 return a ;
25 }
26
27 int abs(int a){
28 if(a < 0){
29 return -a;
30 }
31 else{
32 return a;
33 }
34 }
35
36 void Fraction::reduce() {
37
38 int a = up;
39 int b = down;
40
41 int oka = 1;
42 int okb = 1;
43
44 if(a < 0){
45 a *= -1;
46 oka = 0;
47 }
48 if(b < 0){
49 b *= -1;
50 okb = 0;
51 }
52
53 int divi = gcd(a, b);
54 up /= divi;
55 down /= divi;
56
57 if(down < 0){
58 down *= -1;
59 up *= -1;
60 }
61 }
62
63 Fraction Fraction::negative() const {
64 return Fraction(-up, down);
65 }
66
67 int Fraction::get_up() const {
68 return up;
69 }
70
71 int Fraction::get_down() const {
72 return down;
73 }
74
75 Fraction add(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
76 int up_1;
77 int down_1;
78
79 down_1 = f1.get_down() * f2.get_down();
80 up_1 = f1.get_up() * f2.get_down() + f2.get_up() * f1.get_down();
81 return Fraction(up_1 , down_1);
82 }
83
84 Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
85 return add(f1, f2.negative());
86 }
87
88 Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
89 return Fraction(f1.up * f2.up, f1.down * f2.down);
90 }
91
92 Fraction div(const Fraction &f1, const Fraction &f2) {
93 return mul(f1, Fraction(f2.down, f2.up));
94 }
95
96 void output(const Fraction &f) {
97 int ok = 1;
98
99 if(f.get_down() < 0 || f.get_up() < 0){
100 ok = 0;
101 std::cout << '-';
102 }
103
104 int a = abs(f.get_up());
105 int b = abs(f.get_down());
106
107 if(b == 1){
108 std::cout << a;
109 }
110 else{
111 std::cout << a << "/" << b;
112 }
113 }
task4.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include "Fraction.h"
3
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6
7
8 void test1() {
9 cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
10 cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
11
12 Fraction f1(5);
13 Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
14 Fraction f4(f3);
15 cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
16 cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
17 cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
18 cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
19
20 Fraction f5(f4.negative());
21 cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
22 cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;
23
24 cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
25 cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
26 cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
27 cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
28 cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
29 }
30
31 void test2() {
32 Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
33 cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
34 cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
35 cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
36 }
37
38 int main() {
39 cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
40 test1();
41
42 cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
43 test2();
44 }
1 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
2 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
3
4 class SavingAccount{
5 private:
6 int id;
7 double balance;
8 double rate;
9 double lastData;
10 double accumulation;
11
12 static double total;
13
14 void record(int data,double amount);
15 double accumulate(int data) const
16 {
17 return accumulation+balance*(data-lastData);
18 }
19 public:
20 SavingAccount(int data,int id,double rate);
21 int getId() const {return id;}
22 double getBalance() const {return balance;}
23 double getRate() const {return rate;}
24 static double getTotal() {return total;}
25 void deposit(int data,double amount);
26 void withdraw(int data,double amount);
27 void settle(int data);
28 void show() const;
29 };
30 #endif
account.cpp
1 #include <bits/stdc++.h>
2 #include "account.h"
3 using namespace std;
4
5 double SavingAccount::total=0;
6 SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int data,int id,double rate)
7 :id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastData(data),accumulation(0)
8 {
9 cout<<data<<"\t#"<<id<<"is created"<<endl;
10 }
11
12 void SavingAccount::record(int data,double amount)
13 {
14 accumulation=accumulate(data);
15 lastData=data;
16 amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
17 balance+=amount;
18 total+=amount;
19 cout<<data<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl;
20 }
21
22 void SavingAccount::deposit(int data,double amount)
23 {
24 record(data,amount);
25 }
26
27 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int data,double amount)
28 {
29 if (amount>getBalance())
30 cout<<"Error:not enough money"<<endl;
31 else
32 record(data,-amount);
33 }
34
35 void SavingAccount::settle(int data)
36 {
37 double interest=accumulate(data)*rate/365;
38 if (interest!=0)
39 record(data,interest);
40 accumulation=0;
41 }
42 void SavingAccount::show() const
43 {
44 cout<<"#"<<id<<"\tBalance:"<<balance;
45 }
main.cpp
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main ()
6 {
7 SavingAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
8 SavingAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
9
10 sa0.deposit(5,5000);
11 sa1.deposit(25,10000);
12 sa0.deposit(45,5500);
13 sa1.deposit(60,4000);
14
15 sa0.settle(90);
16 sa1.settle(90);
17
18 sa0.show();cout<<endl;
19 sa1.show();cout<<endl;
20 cout<<"Total:"<<SavingAccount::getTotal()<<endl;
21 return 0;
22 }
标签：const,int,double,Complex,实验,Fraction,include From： https://www.cnblogs.com/Obrez/p/18494267