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实验7：基于REST API的SDN北向应用实践

时间：2022-10-26 15:33:11浏览次数：41  
标签：__ url self flow REST headers API SDN requests

实验7：基于REST API的SDN北向应用实践

一、实验目的

1.能够编写程序调用OpenDaylight REST API实现特定网络功能；
2.能够编写程序调用Ryu REST API实现特定网络功能。

二、实验环境

1.下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox或VMware；
2.在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 20.04 Desktop amd64，并完整安装Mininet、OpenDaylight（Carbon版本）、Postman和Ryu；

三、实验要求

（一）基本要求

1.编写Python程序，调用OpenDaylight的北向接口实现以下功能

  • 利用Mininet平台搭建下图所示网络拓扑，并连接OpenDaylight；

  • 下发指令删除s1上的流表数据。

delFlows.py

#!/usr/bin/python
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def http_delete(url):
	url = url
	headers = {'Content-Type':'application/json'}
	resp = requests.delete(url,headers=headers,auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
	return resp 
	
if __name__ == "__main__":
	url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/'
	resp = http_delete(url)
	print (resp.content)
  • 下发硬超时流表，实现拓扑内主机h1和h3网络中断20s。

timeOut.py

# Timeout.py
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/config/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/flow/1'
    with open("./timeout.json") as file:
        str = file.read()
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.put(url, str, headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

timeout.json

# flowtable.json
{
    "flow": [
      {
        "id": "1",
        "match": {
          "in-port": "1",
          "ethernet-match": {
            "ethernet-type": {
              "type": "0x0800"
            }
          },
          "ipv4-destination": "10.0.0.3/32"
        },
        "instructions": {
          "instruction": [
            {
              "order": "0",
              "apply-actions": {
                "action": [
                  {
                    "order": "0",
                    "drop-action": {}
                  }
                ]
              }
            }
          ]
        },
        "flow-name": "flow",
        "priority": "65535",
        "hard-timeout": "20",
        "cookie": "2",
        "table_id": "0"
      }
    ]
   }
  • 获取s1上活动的流表数。

getFlows.py

# getflows.py
import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8181/restconf/operational/opendaylight-inventory:nodes/node/openflow:1/flow-node-inventory:table/0/opendaylight-flow-table-statistics:flow-table-statistics'
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.get(url,headers=headers, auth=HTTPBasicAuth('admin', 'admin'))
    print (res.content)

2.编写Python程序，调用Ryu的北向接口实现以下功能

  • 实现上述OpenDaylight实验拓扑上相同的硬超时流表下发。

ryuTimeout.py

import requests

if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/stats/flowentry/add'
    with open("./RYUflowtable.json") as f:
        jstr = f.read()
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    res = requests.post(url, jstr, headers=headers)
    print (res.content)

RYUflowtable.json

{
    "dpid": 1,
    "cookie": 1,
    "cookie_mask": 1,
    "table_id": 0,
    "hard_timeout": 20,
    "priority": 65535,
    "flags": 1,
    "match":{
        "in_port":1,
    },
    "actions":[

    ]
 }
  • 参考Ryu REST API的文档，基于VLAN实验的网络拓扑，编程实现相同的VLAN配置。

setTopo.py

from mininet.topo import Topo
 
class MyTopo(Topo):
    def __init__(self):
        # initilaize topology
        Topo.__init__(self)
 
        self.addSwitch("s1")
        self.addSwitch("s2")
 
        self.addHost("h1")
        self.addHost("h2")
        self.addHost("h3")
        self.addHost("h4")
 
        self.addLink("s1", "h1")
        self.addLink("s1", "h2")
        self.addLink("s2", "h3")
        self.addLink("s2", "h4")
        self.addLink("s1", "s2")
 
topos = {'mytopo': (lambda: MyTopo())}

setVlan.py

import json

import requests
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    url = 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/stats/flowentry/add'
    headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
    flow1 = {
        "dpid": 1,
        "priority": 1,
        "match":{
            "in_port": 1
        },
        "actions":[
            {
                "type": "PUSH_VLAN",    
                "ethertype": 33024      
            },
            {
                "type": "SET_FIELD",
                "field": "vlan_vid",    
                "value": 4096           
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 3
            }
        ]
    }
    flow2 = {
        "dpid": 1,
        "priority": 1,
        "match":{
            "in_port": 2
        },
        "actions":[
            {
                "type": "PUSH_VLAN",     
                "ethertype": 33024      
            },
            {
                "type": "SET_FIELD",
                "field": "vlan_vid",     
                "value": 4097           
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 3
            }
        ]
    }
    flow3 = {
        "dpid": 1,
        "priority": 1,
        "match":{
            "vlan_vid": 0
        },
        "actions":[
            {
                "type": "POP_VLAN",    
                "ethertype": 33024     
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 1
            }
        ]
    }
    flow4 = {
        "dpid": 1,
        "priority": 1,
        "match": {
            "vlan_vid": 1
        },
        "actions": [
            {
                "type": "POP_VLAN", 
                "ethertype": 33024  
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 2
            }
        ]
    }
    flow5 = {
        "dpid": 2,
        "priority": 1,
        "match": {
            "in_port": 1
        },
        "actions": [
            {
                "type": "PUSH_VLAN", 
                "ethertype": 33024 
            },
            {
                "type": "SET_FIELD",
                "field": "vlan_vid", 
                "value": 4096  
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 3
            }
        ]
    }
    flow6 = {
        "dpid": 2,
        "priority": 1,
        "match": {
            "in_port": 2
        },
        "actions": [
            {
                "type": "PUSH_VLAN",  
                "ethertype": 33024  
            },
            {
                "type": "SET_FIELD",
                "field": "vlan_vid",  
                "value": 4097 
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 3
            }
        ]
    }
    flow7 = {
        "dpid": 2,
        "priority": 1,
        "match": {
            "vlan_vid": 0
        },
        "actions": [
            {
                "type": "POP_VLAN", 
                "ethertype": 33024  
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 1
            }
        ]
    }
    flow8 = {
        "dpid": 2,
        "priority": 1,
        "match": {
            "vlan_vid": 1
        },
        "actions": [
            {
                "type": "POP_VLAN", 
                "ethertype": 33024  
            },
            {
                "type": "OUTPUT",
                "port": 2
            }
        ]
    }
    res1 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow1), headers=headers)
    res2 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow2), headers=headers)
    res3 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow3), headers=headers)
    res4 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow4), headers=headers)
    res5 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow5), headers=headers)
    res6 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow6), headers=headers)
    res7 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow7), headers=headers)
    res8 = requests.post(url, json.dumps(flow8), headers=headers)

提示：拓扑生成后需连接Ryu，且Ryu应能够提供REST API服务

VLAN_ID Hosts
0 h1 h3
1 h2 h4

（二）进阶要求

OpenDaylight或Ryu任选其一，编程实现查看前序VLAN实验拓扑中所有节点（含交换机、主机）的名称，以及显示每台交换机的所有流表项。

getNode.py

import requests
import time
import re
 
class GetNodes:
    def __init__(self, ip):
        self.ip = ip
        
    def get_switch_id(self):
        url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/stats/switches'
        re_switch_id = requests.get(url=url).json()
        switch_id_hex = []
        for i in re_switch_id:
            switch_id_hex.append(hex(i))
 
        return switch_id_hex
 
    def getflow(self):
        url = 'http://' + self.ip + '/stats/flow/%d'
        switch_list = self.get_switch_id()
        ret_flow = []
        for switch in switch_list:
            new_url = format(url % int(switch, 16))
            re_switch_flow = requests.get(url=new_url).json()
            ret_flow.append(re_switch_flow)
        return ret_flow
 
    def show(self):
        flow_list = self.getflow()
        for flow in flow_list:
            for dpid in flow.keys():
                dp_id = dpid
                switchnum= '{1}'.format(hex(int(dp_id)), int(dp_id))        
                print('s'+switchnum,end = " ")
                switchnum = int(switchnum)
            for list_table in flow.values():
                for table in list_table:          
                    string1 = str(table)
                    if re.search("'dl_vlan': '(.*?)'", string1) is not None:
                       num = re.search("'dl_vlan': '(.*?)'", string1).group(1);
                       if num == '0' and switchnum == 1:
                          print('h1',end = " ")
                       if num == '1' and switchnum == 1:
                          print('h2',end = " ")
                       if num == '0' and switchnum == 2:
                          print('h3',end = " ")
                       if num == '1' and switchnum == 2:
                          print('h4',end = " ")
        print("")
        flow_list = self.getflow()
        for flow in flow_list:
            for dpid in flow.keys():
                dp_id = dpid
                print('switch_name:s{1}'.format(hex(int(dp_id)), int(dp_id)))
            for list_table in flow.values():
                for table in list_table:
                    print(table)
s1 = GetNodes("127.0.0.1:8080")
s1.show()

（三）实验报告

本次实验难度较大，主要问题在于对python学习不够深入、对相关程序执行的过程一知半解、对报错的解决能力不够强等等。通过本次实验，我对OpenDayLight和Ryu的相关知识有了更加深入的了解，但是在学习ODL REST API和Ryu REST API的过程中投入了比较多的时间，比较难以理解。
比如在执行基础要求一中的删除s1流表的python文件时，遇到如下报错

经过多次调整拓扑启动和ODL连接，大致发现delFlows.py文件只能在首次连接ODL时执行一次，后续再次执行就会报错，解决问题，但是并不甚了解其中的原理。
在执行基础要求二中的RYU相关操作时，忘记提前连接ryu-manager，导致文件无法启动。
在进行Vlan配置时，curl指令无法执行，在按照系统提示安装curl以后成功解决。

实验中遇到一些问题虽然能够依照不断的实验总结去解决，但是始终没搞懂真正的运行原理，可见还有很多需要深入学习的地方，希望继续加油！

标签：__,url,self,flow,REST,headers,API,SDN,requests
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/jjc-daydayup/p/16828570.html

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