R绘图（06）——带errorbar的柱状图

每次找R绘图美化都很麻烦，索性自己写个笔记慢慢补充绘图美化的指令

### 生成数据 ###
# 设置种子以获得可重复的结果
set.seed(222)
# 生成字符序列 "AAAABBBB"
char_sequence <- c("A", "A", "A", "A", "B", "B", "B", "B")
# 生成相应数量的随机数，这里使用正态分布
random_numbers <- runif(8, min = 0, max = 100)
# 创建数据框
data_frame <- data.frame(Char = char_sequence, Value = random_numbers)

# 计算每个条件下的平均值和标准差
summary_data <- data_frame %>%
  group_by(Char) %>%
  summarise(
    Mean = mean(Value),
    StdErr = sd(Value, na.rm = TRUE) / sqrt(n()) 
  )

#### 绘图 ####
ggplot() +
  geom_col(data = summary_data, aes(x = Char, y = Mean), fill = "lightblue") +  # 绘制柱状图
  geom_errorbar(data = summary_data,  # 使用summary_data数据框中的均值和标准差
                aes(x = Char, ymin = Mean - StdErr, ymax = Mean + StdErr),
                width = 0.2, position = position_dodge(0.5)) +
  geom_point(data = summary_data,  # 在均值位置添加点
             aes(x = Char, y = Mean),
             position = position_dodge(0.5),
             color = "red") +
  labs(x = "Character", y = "Value", title = "Bar Chart with Error Bars") + # 设置变量名称和title
  theme_minimal()+ #使用简洁主题 
  theme(axis.line = element_line(color = "black", size = 0.5),  # 显示轴的线条
  axis.text = element_text(size = 12),  # 轴标签文字大小
  axis.title = element_text(size = 14), # 轴标题文字大小
  panel.grid = element_blank()) +  # 去掉网格线 
  scale_y_continuous(limits =c(0, 90) ,expand = c(0,0)) # 贴近x轴

# + theme(axis.text.x = element_text(angle = 45, hjust = 1)) # 旋转x轴标签角度