- 在介绍接口隔离原则之前我们先看下面举例说明中的第一个例子——反例
一、举例说明
1.反例
(1)类图说明
- 因为类图比较清晰,我们先看类图
- 可以看出, DogPlays.java 和 CatPlays.java 分别实现了接口
PetInterface
,DogPlaysUse 和 CatPlaysUse 又分别通过该接口依赖 DogPlays 和 CatPlays ,但是都没有用完实现类里的所有方法,造成资源浪费
(2)代码说明
- 如果类图不是很明白的,直接看代码感受一下!
- 直接上代码:
package com.liu.susu.principle.segregation.example1;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
/**
* @Description 接口隔离原则——反例
* @Author susu
* @date 2022-02-12
**/
public interface PetInterface {
void playBall();//玩球
void climbTree();//爬树
void catchMouse();//抓老鼠
void likeToGoOut();//遛狗
}
@Service("dog")
class DogPlays implements PetInterface{
@Override
public void playBall() {
System.out.println("狗狗喜欢玩球……");
}
public void climbTree() {
System.out.println("DogPlays类 实现了 climbTree 方法");
}
public void catchMouse() {
System.out.println("DogPlays类 实现了 catchMouse 方法");
}
public void likeToGoOut() {
System.out.println("狗狗喜欢每天被遛遛……");
}
}
@Service
class CatPlays implements PetInterface{
public void playBall() {
System.out.println("小猫喜欢玩球……");
}
public void climbTree() {
System.out.println("小猫喜欢爬树……");
}
public void catchMouse() {
System.out.println("小猫喜欢抓老鼠……");
}
public void likeToGoOut() {
System.out.println("CatPlays 类 实现了 likeToGoOut 方法");
}
}
/**
* DogPlaysUse 类通过接口PetInterface 依赖(使用)DogPlays类,
* 但是只用到 playBall 和 likeToGoOut 方法
*/
@Service
class DogPlaysUse {
public void playBall(PetInterface petInterface){
petInterface.playBall();
}
public void likeToGoOut(PetInterface petInterface) {
petInterface.likeToGoOut();
}
}
/**
* CatPlaysUse 类通过接口PetInterface 依赖(使用)DogPlays类,
* 但是只用到 playBall、climbTree 和 catchMouse 方法
*/
@Service
class CatPlaysUse {
public void playBall(PetInterface petInterface){
petInterface.playBall();
}
public void climbTree(PetInterface petInterface) {
petInterface.climbTree();
}
public void catchMouse(PetInterface petInterface) {
petInterface.catchMouse();
}
}
class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//DogPlaysUse 这个类通过接口 依赖 DogPlays 类
DogPlaysUse dogPlaysUse = new DogPlaysUse();
dogPlaysUse.playBall(new DogPlays());
dogPlaysUse.likeToGoOut(new DogPlays());
System.out.println("\n======小猫开始表演……=====\n" );
//DogPlaysUse 这个类通过接口 依赖 CatPlays 类
CatPlaysUse catPlaysUse = new CatPlaysUse();
catPlaysUse.playBall(new CatPlays());
}
}
测试类
package com.liu.susu.principle.segregation.example1;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
/**
* @FileName PetController
* @Description
* @Author susu
* @date 2022-02-12
**/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/dog")
public class PetController {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("dog")
private PetInterface petInterface;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("catPlays")
private PetInterface petInterface2;
@Autowired
private DogPlaysUse dogPlaysUse;
@Autowired
private CatPlaysUse catPlaysUse;
@RequestMapping("/hello")
@ResponseBody
public String hello(){
dogPlay();
catPlay();
return "hello world!";
}
public void dogPlay(){
dogPlaysUse.playBall(petInterface);
System.out.println("dogPlaysUse.playBall(petInterface)--->ok");
}
public void catPlay(){
catPlaysUse.playBall(petInterface2);
System.out.println("catPlaysUse.playBall(petInterface2)--->ok");
}
}
(4)分析缺点(总结)
可以看出,PetInterface 的实现有两个,分别是 DogPlays.java 和 CatPlays.java
DogPlaysUse 这个类通过接口 PetInterface 依赖 DogPlays 类,但是只用到 playBall 和 likeToGoOut 方法。
而 DogPlays 类实现了 PetInterface 接口的所有方法,所以造成浪费
同样的,CatPlaysUse 这个类通过接口 PetInterface 依赖 CatPlays 类,但是只用到 playBall、climbTree 和 catchMouse 方法,所以也造成浪费
2.正例
那么对于上面的案例怎么来优化呢?
既然一个接口有浪费,那么我们就把它拆解,这其实就是我们的接口隔离原则,请继续……
(1)类图说明
- 如图可见,对于上述案例,如果用接口隔离原则优化的话,我们设计的时候拆成3个接口最为合理
(2)代码说明
package com.liu.susu.principle.segregation.example2;
/**
* @Description 接口隔离原则——正例
* @Author susu
* @date 2022-02-12
**/
public interface PetInterface {
void playBall();//玩球
}
interface DogInterface {
void likeToGoOut();//遛狗
}
interface CatInterface {
void climbTree();//爬树
void catchMouse();//抓老鼠
}
class DogPlays implements PetInterface,DogInterface{
public void playBall() {
System.out.println("狗狗喜欢玩球……");
}
public void likeToGoOut() {
System.out.println("狗狗喜欢每天被遛遛……");
}
}
class CatPlays implements PetInterface,CatInterface{
public void playBall() {
System.out.println("小猫喜欢玩球……");
}
public void climbTree() {
System.out.println("小猫喜欢爬树……");
}
public void catchMouse() {
System.out.println("小猫喜欢抓老鼠……");
}
}
class DogPlaysUse {
public void playBall(PetInterface petInterface){
petInterface.playBall();
}
public void likeToGoOut(DogInterface dogInterface) {
dogInterface.likeToGoOut();
}
}
class CatPlaysUse {
public void playBall(PetInterface petInterface){
petInterface.playBall();
}
public void climbTree(CatInterface catInterface) {
catInterface.climbTree();
}
public void catchMouse(CatInterface catInterface) {
catInterface.catchMouse();
}
}
/**
* 测试类
*/
class Test{
public static void main(String[] args) {
DogPlaysUse dogPlaysUse = new DogPlaysUse();
dogPlaysUse.playBall(new DogPlays());
dogPlaysUse.likeToGoOut(new DogPlays());
System.out.println("\n======小猫开始表演……=====\n" );
CatPlaysUse catPlaysUse = new CatPlaysUse();
catPlaysUse.playBall(new DogPlays());
catPlaysUse.climbTree(new CatPlays());
catPlaysUse.catchMouse(new CatPlays());
}
}
(4)方案评价
对比第一种写法,使用接口隔离的这种写法明显让旁人看着代码也是很清晰,接口拆开之后各行其职责,代码看着不臃肿,后续功能变更或新增的话维护起来也好维护
三、总结
客户端不应该依赖它不需要的接口
一个类对另外一个类的依赖,应建立在最小的接口上,其实就是一个接口里不要放一个功能模块外的其他方法,理解起来跟单一职责原则有点像,自己体会体会吧