1.Basic Queue 简单队列模型
1.1导入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId>
</dependency>1.2 yaml
spring:
rabbitmq:
host: 192.168.150.101 # 主机名
port: 5672 # 端口
virtual-host: / # 虚拟主机
username: itcast # 用户名
password: 123321 # 密码1.3 消息发送
package cn.itcast.mq.spring;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class SpringAmqpTest {
@Autowired
private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
@Test
public void testSimpleQueue() {
// 队列名称
String queueName = "simple.queue";
// 消息
String message = "hello, spring amqp!";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message);
}
}1.4消息接收
package cn.itcast.mq.listener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class SpringRabbitListener {
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenSimpleQueueMessage(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("spring 消费者接收到消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
}2.WorkQueue
2.1消息发送
/**
* workQueue
* 向队列中不停发送消息，模拟消息堆积。
*/
@Test
public void testWorkQueue() throws InterruptedException {
// 队列名称
String queueName = "simple.queue";
// 消息
String message = "hello, message_";
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(queueName, message + i);
Thread.sleep(20);
}
}
2.2消息接收
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue1(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.out.println("消费者1接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
Thread.sleep(20);
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "simple.queue")
public void listenWorkQueue2(String msg) throws InterruptedException {
System.err.println("消费者2........接收到消息：【" + msg + "】" + LocalTime.now());
Thread.sleep(200);
}2.3yaml 添加属性
spring:
rabbitmq:
listener:
simple:
prefetch: 1 # 每次只能获取一条消息，处理完成才能获取下一个消息3.发布/订阅
- Publisher：生产者，也就是要发送消息的程序，但是不再发送到队列中，而是发给X（交换机）
- Exchange：交换机，图中的X。一方面，接收生产者发送的消息。另一方面，知道如何处理消息，例如递交给某个特别队列、递交给所有队列、或是将消息丢弃。到底如何操作，取决于Exchange的类型。Exchange有以下3种类型：
- Fanout：广播，将消息交给所有绑定到交换机的队列
- Direct：定向，把消息交给符合指定routing key 的队列
- Topic：通配符，把消息交给符合routing pattern（路由模式） 的队列
- Consumer：消费者，与以前一样，订阅队列，没有变化
- Queue：消息队列也与以前一样，接收消息、缓存消息。
3.1Fanout
3.1.1 声明交换机和队列
package cn.itcast.mq.config;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
public class FanoutConfig {
/**
* 声明交换机
* @return Fanout类型交换机
*/
@Bean
public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange(){
return new FanoutExchange("itcast.fanout");
}
/**
* 第1个队列
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue1(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue1");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(fanoutExchange);
}
/**
* 第2个队列
*/
@Bean
public Queue fanoutQueue2(){
return new Queue("fanout.queue2");
}
/**
* 绑定队列和交换机
*/
@Bean
public Binding bindingQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange fanoutExchange){
return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(fanoutExchange);
}
}3.1.2消息发送
@Test
public void testFanoutExchange() {
// 队列名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.fanout";
// 消息
String message = "hello, everyone!";
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "", message);
}3.1.3消息接收
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue1")
public void listenFanoutQueue1(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者1接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(queues = "fanout.queue2")
public void listenFanoutQueue2(String msg) {
System.out.println("消费者2接收到Fanout消息：【" + msg + "】");
}3.2Direct
3.2.1基于注解声明队列和交换机，消息接收
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red", "blue"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "direct.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.direct", type = ExchangeTypes.DIRECT),
key = {"red", "yellow"}
))
public void listenDirectQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到direct.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}3.2.2消息发送
@Test
public void testSendDirectExchange() {
// 交换机名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.direct";
// 消息
String message = "红色警报！日本乱排核废水，导致海洋生物变异，惊现哥斯拉！";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "red", message);
}3.3Topic
3.3.1 特点
Topic类型的Exchange与Direct相比，都是可以根据RoutingKey把消息路由到不同的队列。
只不过Topic类型Exchange可以让队列在绑定Routing key 的时候使用通配符！
Routingkey 一般都是有一个或多个单词组成，多个单词之间以”.”分割，例如： item.insert
通配符规则： #：匹配一个或多个词 *：匹配不多不少恰好1个词
举例： item.#：能够匹配item.spu.insert 或者 item.spu item.*：只能匹配
3.3.2消息发送
/**
* topicExchange
*/
@Test
public void testSendTopicExchange() {
// 交换机名称
String exchangeName = "itcast.topic";
// 消息
String message = "喜报！孙悟空大战哥斯拉，胜!";
// 发送消息
rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchangeName, "china.news", message);
}3.3.3消息接收
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue1"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "china.#"
))
public void listenTopicQueue1(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue1的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}
@RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding(
value = @Queue(name = "topic.queue2"),
exchange = @Exchange(name = "itcast.topic", type = ExchangeTypes.TOPIC),
key = "#.news"
))
public void listenTopicQueue2(String msg){
System.out.println("消费者接收到topic.queue2的消息：【" + msg + "】");
}