三子棋是一种民间传统游戏,又叫九宫棋、井字棋等。游戏分为双方对战,双方依次在9宫格棋盘上摆放棋子,率先将自己的三个棋子走成一条线就视为胜利,而对方就算输了,但是三子棋在很多时候会出现和棋的局面。今天我们就来用C语言来实现一下这个游戏
游戏分解:
本文采用分文件编写的模式,实现人机博弈:
test.c 测试游戏
game.c 游戏函数的实现
game.h 游戏函数的声明
1. 打印菜单
我们先为玩家提供一个菜单,选择开始游戏还是退出游戏
void menu()
{
printf("************************************\n");
printf("*********** 1. play ************\n");
printf("*********** 0. exit ************\n");
printf("************************************\n");
}
2. 实现棋盘
这一步,我们将实现初始化棋盘和打印棋盘两个步骤:
初始化棋盘:
采用二维数组的方式,实现3*3的棋盘
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
打印棋盘:
这一步,我们不仅要将棋盘的数据打印出来,为了美观,我们还应该设计打印分割线
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//打印数据
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
//打印分割线
if (i < row - 1)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
3. 实现下棋
由于本文实现的使人机博弈的三子棋,所以这一步又将分为玩家下棋和电脑下棋
玩家下棋显示为 * ,电脑下棋显示为 #
玩家下棋:
玩家输入要下位置的坐标。判断该位置是否合法,如果合法则可以落子,否则提醒玩家重新选择位置
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入下棋的坐标,中间使用空格:>");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
//坐标合法
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ') //可以落子
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
break;
}
else //不能落子
{
printf("坐标被占用,请重新输入\n");
}
}
else //非法
{
printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
电脑下棋:
当玩家落子后,电脑在空的位置随机落子
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("电脑下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
x = rand() % row;
y = rand() % col;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = '#';
break;
}
}
}
电脑下棋优化版
通过上面的代码我们会发现,电脑只是随机落子,并没有有意识的去围堵玩家。所以我们在上面代码的基础上进行优化,使电脑变得智能一些,增加游戏的乐趣
当玩家落子后形成一条线上有两个一样的,那么电脑进行拦截
//电脑下棋——智能版
int IntellComputer(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
//行
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][2] == ' ')
{
board[i][2] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == ' ')
{
board[i][1] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[i][2] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == ' ')
{
board[i][0] = '#';
return 1;
}
}
//列
for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[2][i] == ' ')
{
board[2][i] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[0][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] == ' ')
{
board[1][i] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[2][i] == board[1][i] && board[0][i] == ' ')
{
board[0][i] = '#';
return 1;
}
//主对角线
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[2][2] == ' ')
{
board[2][2] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[2][2] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == ' ')
{
board[0][0] = '#';
return 1;
}
//次对角线
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[2][0] == ' ')
{
board[2][0] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[0][2] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[2][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][2] == ' ')
{
board[0][2] = '#';
return 1;
}
//都不符合
return 0;
}
}
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("电脑下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
if (IntellComputer(board, row, col))
{
break;
}
else
{
x = rand() % row;
y = rand() % col;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = '#';
break;
}
}
}
}
4. 判断输赢
当任意一条线上的三子相同时,则有人胜出。否则该局为平局
//判断输赢
//玩家赢——*
//电脑赢——#
//平局—— Q
//继续——C
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row;i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
{
return 0;
}
}
}
return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
//赢
//行
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
{
return board[i][0];
}
}
//列
for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
{
return board[0][i];
}
}
//对角线
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
return board[1][1];
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
return board[1][1];
//平局
if (IsFull(board,row,col)==1)
{
return 'Q';
}
//继续
return 'C';
}
二、完整代码
game.h
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<time.h>
#define ROW 3
#define COL 3
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//电脑下棋
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
//判断输赢
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
game.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"game.h"
//初始化棋盘
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
//打印棋盘
void DisplayBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
//打印数据
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
//打印分割线
if (i < row - 1)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
printf("---");
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
//玩家下棋
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("玩家下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
printf("请输入下棋的坐标,中间使用空格:>");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
//坐标合法
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col)
{
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ') //可以落子
{
board[x - 1][y - 1] = '*';
break;
}
else //不能落子
{
printf("坐标被占用,请重新输入\n");
}
}
else //非法
{
printf("坐标非法,请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
//电脑下棋——智能版
int IntellComputer(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
//行
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][2] == ' ')
{
board[i][2] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[i][0] == board[i][2] && board[i][1] == ' ')
{
board[i][1] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[i][2] == board[i][1] && board[i][0] == ' ')
{
board[i][0] = '#';
return 1;
}
}
//列
for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[2][i] == ' ')
{
board[2][i] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[0][i] == board[2][i] && board[1][i] == ' ')
{
board[1][i] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[2][i] == board[1][i] && board[0][i] == ' ')
{
board[0][i] = '#';
return 1;
}
//主对角线
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[2][2] == ' ')
{
board[2][2] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[0][0] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[2][2] == board[1][1] && board[0][0] == ' ')
{
board[0][0] = '#';
return 1;
}
//次对角线
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[2][0] == ' ')
{
board[2][0] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[0][2] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] == ' ')
{
board[1][1] = '#';
return 1;
}
if (board[2][0] == board[1][1] && board[0][2] == ' ')
{
board[0][2] = '#';
return 1;
}
//都不符合
return 0;
}
}
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int x = 0;
int y = 0;
printf("电脑下棋:>\n");
while (1)
{
if (IntellComputer(board, row, col))
{
break;
}
else
{
x = rand() % row;
y = rand() % col;
if (board[x][y] == ' ')
{
board[x][y] = '#';
break;
}
}
}
}
//判断输赢
//玩家赢——*
//电脑赢——#
//平局—— Q
//继续——C
int IsFull(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row;i++)
{
int j = 0;
for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
{
if (board[i][j] == ' ')
{
return 0;
}
}
}
return 1;
}
char IsWin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col)
{
//赢
//行
int i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < row; i++)
{
if (board[i][0] == board[i][1] && board[i][1] == board[i][2] && board[i][0] != ' ')
{
return board[i][0];
}
}
//列
for (i = 0; i < col; i++)
{
if (board[0][i] == board[1][i] && board[1][i] == board[2][i] && board[0][i] != ' ')
{
return board[0][i];
}
}
//对角线
if (board[0][0] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][2] && board[1][1] != ' ')
return board[1][1];
if (board[0][2] == board[1][1] && board[1][1] == board[2][0] && board[1][1] != ' ')
return board[1][1];
//平局
if (IsFull(board,row,col)==1)
{
return 'Q';
}
//继续
return 'C';
}
test.c
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include"game.h"
//三子棋的实现:
//游戏不退出,继续完下一把
//应用多文件的形式写代码
//test.c 测试游戏
//game.c 游戏函数的实现
//game.h 游戏函数的声明
void menu()
{
printf("************************************\n");
printf("*********** 1. play ************\n");
printf("*********** 0. exit ************\n");
printf("************************************\n");
}
void game()
{
char board[ROW][COL];
//初始化棋盘
InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//打印棋盘
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//下棋
char ret = 0;
while (1)
{
//玩家下棋
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//判断输赢
ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
break;
//电脑下棋
ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
DisplayBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//判断输赢
ret = IsWin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'C')
break;
}
if (ret == '*')
printf("玩家赢\n");
else if (ret == '#')
printf("电脑赢\n");
else
printf("平局\n");
}
int main()
{
int input = 0;
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
do
{
menu();
printf("请选择:>");
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input)
{
case 1:
printf("开始游戏!\n");
game();
break;
case 0:
printf("退出游戏!\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误,请重新选择!\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
以上为实现三子棋游戏的全部代码