Pytorch | Tutorial-07 保存和加载模型

这是对 Pytorch 官网的 Tutorial 教程的中文翻译。

在本节中，我们将了解如何通过保存、加载和运行模型预测来持久保存模型状态。

import torch
import torchvision.models as models

保存和加载模型权重

PyTorch 模型将学习到的参数存储在内部状态字典中，称为 state_dict 。这些可以通过 torch.save 方法保存：

model = models.vgg16(weights='IMAGENET1K_V1')
torch.save(model.state_dict(), 'model_weights.pth')

Downloading: "https://download.pytorch.org/models/vgg16-397923af.pth" to /var/lib/jenkins/.cache/torch/hub/checkpoints/vgg16-397923af.pth

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要加载模型权重，您需要先创建同一模型的实例，然后使用 load_state_dict() 方法加载参数。

model = models.vgg16() # we do not specify ``weights``, i.e. create untrained model
model.load_state_dict(torch.load('model_weights.pth'))
model.eval()

VGG(
  (features): Sequential(
    (0): Conv2d(3, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (1): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (2): Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (3): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (4): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (5): Conv2d(64, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (6): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (7): Conv2d(128, 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (8): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (9): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (10): Conv2d(128, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (11): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (12): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (13): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (14): Conv2d(256, 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (15): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (16): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (17): Conv2d(256, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (18): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (19): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (20): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (21): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (22): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (23): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
    (24): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (25): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (26): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (27): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (28): Conv2d(512, 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1))
    (29): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (30): MaxPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2, padding=0, dilation=1, ceil_mode=False)
  )
  (avgpool): AdaptiveAvgPool2d(output_size=(7, 7))
  (classifier): Sequential(
    (0): Linear(in_features=25088, out_features=4096, bias=True)
    (1): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (2): Dropout(p=0.5, inplace=False)
    (3): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=4096, bias=True)
    (4): ReLU(inplace=True)
    (5): Dropout(p=0.5, inplace=False)
    (6): Linear(in_features=4096, out_features=1000, bias=True)
  )
)

请务必在推理之前调用 model.eval() 方法，将 dropout 和批量归一化层设置为评估模式。如果不这样做将会产生不一致的推理结果。

保存和加载带有形状的模型

加载模型权重时，我们需要首先实例化模型类，因为该类定义了网络的结构。我们可能希望将此类的结构与模型一起保存，在这种情况下，我们可以将 model （而不是 model.state_dict() ）传递给保存函数：

torch.save(model, 'model.pth')

然后我们可以像这样加载模型：

model = torch.load('model.pth')

此方法在序列化模型时使用 Python pickle 模块，因此它依赖于加载模型时实际可用的类的定义。