今天，我们继续html5游戏制作入门系列的系列文章。今天，我们将继续基础知识（也许甚至是高级技巧的基础）。我要告诉你如何具有渐变颜色填充对象，绘制文本，使用自定义的字体绘制文本，基本的动画，以及最重要的UI元素 – 按钮。
我们以前的文章中，你可以在这里阅读：html5游戏制作入门系列教程（一）。我们会用到以前的脚本，并将其功能加强。我要绘制文本，使用自定义字体，动画对象（方形）与渐变色填充，将利用“播放/暂停”按钮暂停动画。
这里有我们的演示和下载包：
好吧，下载所需文件，让我们开始编码！
步骤1： HTML
这里是我演示的HTML
index.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" >
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<title>html5game-html5游戏制作入门系列教程（二）</title>
<link href="main.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
<script src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.5.2/jquery.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="script.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<canvas id="scene" width="800" height="600"></canvas>
</div>
<footer>
<h2>html5游戏制作入门系列教程（二）</h2>
<a class="stuts" href="http://html5gamedev.org/?p=304">返回原文 <span>html5游戏制作入门系列教程（二）</span></a>
</footer>
</body>
</html>
步骤2：CSS
下面是CSS样式。
/* general styles */
*{
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
@font-face {
font-family: "DS-Digital";
src: url("Ds-digib.ttf");
}
body {
background-color:#bababa;
background-image: -webkit-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: -moz-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: -o-radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
background-image: radial-gradient(600px 300px, circle, #ffffff, #bababa 60%);
color:#fff;
font:14px/1.3 Arial,sans-serif;
min-height:1000px;
}
.container {
width:100%;
}
.container > * {
display:block;
margin:50px auto;
}
footer {
background-color:#212121;
bottom:0;
box-shadow: 0 -1px 2px #111111;
display:block;
height:70px;
left:0;
position:fixed;
width:100%;
z-index:100;
}
footer h2{
font-size:22px;
font-weight:normal;
left:50%;
margin-left:-400px;
padding:22px 0;
position:absolute;
width:540px;
}
footer a.stuts,a.stuts:visited{
border:none;
text-decoration:none;
color:#fcfcfc;
font-size:14px;
left:50%;
line-height:31px;
margin:23px 0 0 110px;
position:absolute;
top:0;
}
footer .stuts span {
font-size:22px;
font-weight:bold;
margin-left:5px;
}
h3 {
text-align:center;
}
#scene {
background-image:url(01.jpg);
position:relative;
}
注意@ font-face的这种使用方式，自定义字体文件（TTF）连接到我们的教程中（在画布上绘制）。
步骤3： JS
var canvas, ctx;
var circles = [];
var selectedCircle;
var hoveredCircle;
var button;
var moving = false;
var speed = 2.0;
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// objects :
function Circle(x, y, radius){
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.radius = radius;
}
function Button(x, y, w, h, state, image) {
this.x = x;
this.y = y;
this.w = w;
this.h = h;
this.state = state;
this.imageShift = 0;
this.image = image;
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// draw functions :
function clear() { // clear canvas function
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, ctx.canvas.width, ctx.canvas.height);
}
function drawCircle(ctx, x, y, radius) { // draw circle function
ctx.fillStyle = 'rgba(255, 35, 55, 1.0)';
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.arc(x, y, radius, 0, Math.PI*2, true);
ctx.closePath();
ctx.fill();
ctx.lineWidth = 1;
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0)';
ctx.stroke(); // draw border
}
function drawScene() { // main drawScene function
clear(); // clear canvas
// draw the title text
ctx.font = '42px DS-Digital';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Welcome to lesson #2', ctx.canvas.width/2, 50);
var bg_gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 200, 0, 400);
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.8)');
ctx.beginPath(); // custom shape begin
ctx.fillStyle = bg_gradient;
ctx.moveTo(circles[0].x, circles[0].y);
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) {
ctx.lineTo(circles[i].x, circles[i].y);
}
ctx.closePath(); // custom shape end
ctx.fill(); // fill custom shape
ctx.lineWidth = 2;
ctx.strokeStyle = 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.5)';
ctx.stroke(); // draw border
// reverting direction
if (circles[0].x <= 300 || circles[0].x >= 385) {
speed = -speed;
}
// central object behavior
if (moving) {
circles[0].x -= speed;
circles[0].y -= speed;
circles[1].x += speed;
circles[1].y -= speed;
circles[2].x += speed;
circles[2].y += speed;
circles[3].x -= speed;
circles[3].y += speed;
}
drawCircle(ctx, circles[0].x, circles[0].y, (hoveredCircle == 0) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[1].x, circles[1].y, (hoveredCircle == 1) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[2].x, circles[2].y, (hoveredCircle == 2) ? 25 : 15);
drawCircle(ctx, circles[3].x, circles[3].y, (hoveredCircle == 3) ? 25 : 15);
// draw button
ctx.drawImage(button.image, 0, button.imageShift, button.w, button.h, button.x, button.y, button.w, button.h);
// draw text
ctx.font = '30px DS-Digital';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Play/Pause', 135, 480);
ctx.fillText(button.state, 135, 515);
}
// -------------------------------------------------------------
// initialization
$(function(){
canvas = document.getElementById('scene');
ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
var circleRadius = 15;
var width = canvas.width;
var height = canvas.height;
// lets add 4 circles manually
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 - 20, height / 2 - 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 + 20, height / 2 - 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 + 20, height / 2 + 20, circleRadius));
circles.push(new Circle(width / 2 - 20, height / 2 + 20, circleRadius));
// load the guide sprite image
buttonImage = new Image();
buttonImage.src = 'button.png';
buttonImage.onload = function() {
}
button = new Button(50, 450, 180, 120, 'normal', buttonImage);
// binding mousedown event (for dragging)
$('#scene').mousedown(function(e) {
var mouseX = e.layerX || 0;
var mouseY = e.layerY || 0;
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) { // checking through all circles - are mouse down inside circle or not
var circleX = circles[i].x;
var circleY = circles[i].y;
var radius = circles[i].radius;
if (Math.pow(mouseX-circleX,2) + Math.pow(mouseY-circleY,2) < Math.pow(radius,2)) {
selectedCircle = i;
break;
}
}
// button behavior
if (mouseX > button.x && mouseX < button.x+button.w && mouseY > button.y && mouseY < button.y+button.h) {
button.state = 'pressed';
button.imageShift = 262;
}
});
$('#scene').mousemove(function(e) { // binding mousemove event for dragging selected circle
var mouseX = e.layerX || 0;
var mouseY = e.layerY || 0;
if (selectedCircle != undefined) {
// var canvasPosition = $(this).offset();
var radius = circles[selectedCircle].radius;
circles[selectedCircle] = new Circle(mouseX, mouseY,radius); // changing position of selected circle
}
hoveredCircle = undefined;
for (var i=0; i<circles.length; i++) { // checking through all circles - are mouse down inside circle or not
var circleX = circles[i].x;
var circleY = circles[i].y;
var radius = circles[i].radius;
if (Math.pow(mouseX-circleX,2) + Math.pow(mouseY-circleY,2) < Math.pow(radius,2)) {
hoveredCircle = i;
circles[hoveredCircle] = new Circle(circleX, circleY, 25);
break;
}
}
// button behavior
if (button.state != 'pressed') {
button.state = 'normal';
button.imageShift = 0;
if (mouseX > button.x && mouseX < button.x+button.w && mouseY > button.y && mouseY < button.y+button.h) {
button.state = 'hover';
button.imageShift = 131;
}
}
});
$('#scene').mouseup(function(e) { // on mouseup - cleaning selectedCircle
selectedCircle = undefined;
// button behavior
if (button.state == 'pressed') {
moving = !moving;
}
button.state = 'normal';
button.imageShift = 0;
});
setInterval(drawScene, 30); // loop drawScene
});
下面是关于一些新功能代码的解释：
1）我们可以绘制文本（自定义字体）使用下面的代码，如下：
ctx.font = '42px DS-Digital';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.fillStyle = '#ffffff';
ctx.fillText('Welcome to lesson #2', ctx.canvas.width/2, 50);
2）运用渐变色：
var bg_gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(0, 200, 0, 400);
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.0, 'rgba(255, 0, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(0.5, 'rgba(0, 255, 0, 0.8)');
bg_gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(0, 0, 255, 0.8)');
ctx.fillStyle = bg_gradient;
3）按钮 – 我用一个精灵图像，绘制按钮的三个状态，并添加悬停/事件的事件处理程序。下面是加载和绘制图像画布的方式：
buttonImage = new Image();
buttonImage.src = 'button.png';
.......
ctx.drawImage(image, sx, sy, sWidth, sHeight, dx, dy, width, height);
结论
超级酷，不是吗？我会很高兴看到您的评论和意见。祝你好运！
