m通过matlab对比PID控制器,自适应PID控制器以及H无穷控制器的控制性能

1.算法仿真效果

matlab2022a仿真结果如下：

2.算法涉及理论知识概要

PID控制器

       PID控制器（比例-积分-微分控制器），由比例单元 P、积分单元 I 和微分单元 D 组成。通过Kp， Ki和Kd三个参数的设定。PID控制器主要适用于基本线性和动态特性不随时间变化的系统。

        PID 控制器的方块图PID 控制器是一个在工业控制应用中常见的反馈回路部件。这个控制器把收集到的数据和一个参考值进行比较，然后把这个差别用于计算新的输入值，这个新的输入值的目的是可以让系统的数据达到或者保持在参考值。和其他简单的控制运算不同，PID控制器可以根据历史数据和差别的出现率来调整输入值，这样可以使系统更加准确，更加稳定。可以通过数学的方法证明，在其他控制方法导致系统有稳定误差或过程反复的情况下，一个PID反馈回路却可以保持系统的稳定。

       具有比例-积分-微分控制规律的控制器，称PID控制器。这种组合具有三种基本规律各自的特点，其运动方程为：

        由此可见，当利用PID控制器进行串联校正时，除可使系统的型别提高一级外，还将提供两个负实零点。与PI控制器相比，PID控制器除了同样具有提高系统的稳态性能的优点外，还多提供一个负实零点，从而在提高系统动态性能方面，具有更大的优越性。因此，在工业过程控制系统中，广泛使用PID控制器。PID控制器各部分参数的选择，在系统现场调试中最后确定。通常，应使积分部分发生在系统频率特性的低频段，以提高系统的稳态性能；而使微分部分发生在系统频率特性的中频段，以改善系统的动态性能。

H无穷控制器

         H∞控制是一种具有很好鲁棒性的设计方法，具有设计思想明确、控制效果好等优点，尤其适用于模型摄动的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统。H∞控制在控制理论、设计方法及应用等方面，经过多年不断发展和完善，已成为一种具有较完整体系的鲁棒控制理论。为适应控制系统稳定性、自适应性、智能化及工程化的更高要求，基于线性矩阵不等式(LMI)的H∞控制、非线性H∞控制以及H∞控制与神经网络和模糊控制结合，成为近年来H∞控制研究的热点。随着H∞控制研究的深入，其存在的诸如理论复杂、计算量大和参数摄动范围有限等问题将会逐步得到解决，适用范围也会更广、应用前景会更好。

        关于H无穷控制器的设计，主要需要根据具体的控制对象进行设计，这里，提供一个网站，是结合matlab进行介绍说明的，感觉还不错：

       http://wenku.baidu.com/view/9b5a2218c281e53a5802ff14.html

3.MATLAB核心程序

function edit3_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
 
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit3 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit3 as a double
 
 
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit3_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit3 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
 
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
 
 
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton1.
function pushbutton1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
 
SEL  = get(handles.checkbox1,'Value');
kps  = str2num(get(handles.edit1,'String'));
kis  = str2num(get(handles.edit2,'String'));
kds  = str2num(get(handles.edit3,'String'));
Time = str2num(get(handles.edit5,'String'));
 
ts        = 0.001;
J         = 0.05;
q         = 0.1;
sys       = tf(1,[J,q,0]);
dsys      = c2d(sys,ts,'z');
[num,den] = tfdata(dsys,'v');
    
u_1       = 0;
u_2       = 0;
y_1       = 0;
y_2       = 0;
error_1   = 0;
ei        = 0;
kp        = zeros(Time/ts,1);
ki        = zeros(Time/ts,1);
kd        = zeros(Time/ts,1);
 
for k=1:1:Time/ts
    time(k)   =  k*ts;
    yd(k)     =  1;
    y(k)      = -den(2)*y_1-den(3)*y_2+num(2)*u_1+num(3)*u_2;
    error(k)  =  yd(k)-y(k);  
    derror(k) = (error(k)-error_1)/ts;
 
    %kp
    P_c1     = kps;
    tmpsp(k) = P_c1 + sech(error(k));   
    if SEL == 0
       kp(k)= kps;
    end
    if SEL == 1
       kp(k)= tmpsp(k);
    end 
    
    
    %kd
    P_d1     = kis;
    tmpsd(k) = P_d1 + sech(error(k));   
    if SEL == 0
       kd(k)= kis; 
    end
    if SEL == 1
       kd(k)= tmpsd(k); 
    end
    
    
    %ki
    P_i1   = kds;
    tmpsi(k) = P_i1 + sech(error(k));    
    if SEL == 0
       ki(k)= kds; 
    end
    if SEL == 1
       ki(k)= tmpsi(k); 
    end
    
    ei        = ei+error(k)*ts;
    u(k)      = kp(k)*error(k)+kd(k)*derror(k)+ki(k)*ei;
 
    %延迟，参数更新
    u_2       = u_1;
    u_1       = u(k);
    y_2       = y_1;
    y_1       = y(k);
    error_1   = error(k);
end
 
 
if SEL == 0
   save pidr1.mat time yd y  
end
if SEL == 1
   save pidr2.mat time yd y   
end
 
axes(handles.axes1);
plot(time,kp,'r');
xlabel('time(s)');
ylabel('kp');
axes(handles.axes3);
plot(time,kd,'r');
xlabel('time(s)');
ylabel('kd');
axes(handles.axes4);
plot(time,ki,'r');
xlabel('time(s)');
ylabel('ki');
 
axes(handles.axes2);
cla reset
plot(time,yd,'r',time,y,'k:','linewidth',2);
xlabel('time(s)');
ylabel('Position signal');
legend('Ideal position signal','Position tracking');
 
t1 = (max(y)-mean(yd))/mean(yd);
msgbox(['Over adjust: ',num2str(100*t1),'%','  Kp,Ki,Kd is:  ',num2str(kp(end)),'; ',num2str(ki(end)),'; ',num2str(kd(end))]);
 
 
% --- Executes on button press in pushbutton2.
function pushbutton2_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to pushbutton2 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
axes(handles.axes2);
cla reset
load pidr1.mat 
plot(time,y,'r:');
xlabel('time(s)');
ylabel('Position signal');
hold on
load pidr2.mat 
plot(time,y,'b:');
xlabel('time(s)');
ylabel('Position signal');
legend('initial kpkikd','adpative kpkikd');
 
 
function edit5_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
 
% Hints: get(hObject,'String') returns contents of edit5 as text
%        str2double(get(hObject,'String')) returns contents of edit5 as a double
 
 
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function edit5_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject    handle to edit5 (see GCBO)
% eventdata  reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles    empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
 
% Hint: edit controls usually have a white background on Windows.
%       See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
    set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end