一、环境规划
K8S集群角色 Ip 主机名 控制节点 192.168.84.155 master1 工作节点 192.168.84.156 node1 工作节点 192.168.84.157 node2
二、node-exporter安装和配置
2.1、node-exporter介绍
node-exporter可以采集机器（物理机、虚拟机、云主机等）的监控指标数据，能够采集到的指标包括CPU, 内存，磁盘，网络，文件数等信息。
2.2、node-exporter安装
# 创建监控namespace
[root@master ~# kubectl create ns monitoring
namespace/monitoringcreated
# 创建node-export.yaml
[root@master ~]# cat node-export.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet # 可以保证k8s集群的每个节点都运行完全一样的pod
metadata:
name: node-exporter
namespace: monitor-sa
labels:
name: node-exporter
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
name: node-exporter
template:
metadata:
labels:
name: node-exporter
spec:
hostPID: true
hostIPC: true
hostNetwork: true
containers:
- name: node-exporter
image: prom/node-exporter:v0.16.0
ports:
- containerPort: 9100
resources:
requests:
cpu: 0.15 # 这个容器运行至少需要0.15核cpu
securityContext:
privileged: true # 开启特权模式
args:
- --path.procfs
- /host/proc
- --path.sysfs
- /host/sys
- --collector.filesystem.ignored-mount-points
- '"^/(sys|proc|dev|host|etc)($|/)"'
volumeMounts:
- name: dev
mountPath: /host/dev
- name: proc
mountPath: /host/proc
- name: sys
mountPath: /host/sys
- name: rootfs
mountPath: /rootfs
tolerations:
- key: "node-role.kubernetes.io/master"
operator: "Exists"
effect: "NoSchedule"
volumes:
- name: proc
hostPath:
path: /proc
- name: dev
hostPath:
path: /dev
- name: sys
hostPath:
path: /sys
- name: rootfs
hostPath:
path: /
# hostNetwork、hostIPC、hostPID都为True时，表示这个Pod里的所有容器，会直接使用宿主机的网络，直接与宿主机进行IPC（进程间通信）通信，可以看到宿主机里正在运行的所有进程。加入了hostNetwork:true会直接将我们的宿主机的9100端口映射出来，从而不需要创建service 在我们的宿主机上就会有一个9100的端口
# 更新node-exporter.yaml文件
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f node-export.yaml
# 查看node-exporter是否部署成功
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n monitoring -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
node-exporter-nl5qz 1/1 Running 0 13s 192.168.40.181 k8s-node1 <none> <none>
node-exporter-nxwkf 1/1 Running 0 13s 192.168.40.180 k8s-master1 <none> <none>
node-exporter-x494t 1/1 Running 0 13s 192.168.40.182 k8s-node2 <none> <none>
# 通过node-exporter采集数据 curl http://主机ip:9100/metrics
# node-export默认的监听端口是9100，可以看到当前主机获取到的所有监控数据
[root@master ~]# curl http://192.168.84.155:9100/metrics | grep node_cpu_seconds
# HELP node_cpu_seconds_total Seconds the cpus spent in each mode.
# TYPE node_cpu_seconds_total counter
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="idle"} 9429.89
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="iowait"} 3.96
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="irq"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="nice"} 2.81
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="softirq"} 45.77
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="steal"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="system"} 527.92
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="0",mode="user"} 847.3
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="idle"} 9432.26
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="iowait"} 5.12
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="irq"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="nice"} 2.81
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="softirq"} 58
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="steal"} 0
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="system"} 528.33
node_cpu_seconds_total{cpu="1",mode="user"} 814.66
[root@k8s-master1 prometheus]# curl http://192.168.84.155:9100/metrics | grep node_load # HELP node_load1 1m load average. # TYPE node_load1 gauge node_load1 0.44 # HELP node_load15 15m load average. # TYPE node_load15 gauge node_load15 0.89 # HELP node_load5 5m load average. # TYPE node_load5 gauge node_load5 0.74
三、Prometheus安装和配置
3.1、Prometheus安装
1）创建账号，做rbac授权
# 创建一个monitoring账号monitor [root@master ~]# kubectl create serviceaccount monitor -n monitoring # 把monitoring账号monitor通过clusterrolebing绑定到clusterrole上 [root@master ~]# kubectl create clusterrolebinding monitor-clusterrolebinding -n monitoring --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=monitoring:monitor
2）创建prometheus数据存储目录
# 将prometheus调度到node1节点 [root@node1 ~]# mkdir /data && chmod 777 /data
3）创建一个configmap存储卷，用来存放prometheus配置信息
[root@master ~]# cat prometheus-cfg.yaml
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s
scrape_timeout: 10s
evaluation_interval: 1m
scrape_configs:
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__address__]
regex: '(.*):10250'
replacement: '${1}:9100'
target_label: __address__
action: replace
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+)
- target_label: __address__
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+)
target_label: __metrics_path__
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
action: keep
regex: default;kubernetes;https
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
target_label: kubernetes_name
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml
configmap/prometheus-config created
配置详解：
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
name: prometheus-config
namespace: monitoring
data:
prometheus.yml: |
global:
scrape_interval: 15s #采集目标主机监控据的时间间隔
scrape_timeout: 10s # 数据采集超时时间，默认10s
evaluation_interval: 1m #触发告警检测的时间，默认是1m
scrape_configs: # 配置数据源，称为target，每个target用job_name命名。又分为静态配置和服务发现
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node'
kubernetes_sd_configs: # 使用的是k8s的服务发现
- role: node # 使用node角色，它使用默认的kubelet提供的http端口来发现集群中每个node节点
relabel_configs: # 重新标记
- source_labels: [__address__] # 配置的原始标签，匹配地址
regex: '(.*):10250' #匹配带有10250端口的url
replacement: '${1}:9100' #把匹配到的ip:10250的ip保留
target_label: __address__ #新生成的url是${1}获取到的ip:9100
action: replace # 动作替换
- action: labelmap
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+) #匹配到下面正则表达式的标签会被保留,如果不做regex正则的话，默认只是会显示instance标签
- job_name: 'kubernetes-node-cadvisor' # 抓取cAdvisor数据，是获取kubelet上/metrics/cadvisor接口数据来获取容器的资源使用情况
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: node
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- action: labelmap # 把匹配到的标签保留
regex: __meta_kubernetes_node_label_(.+) #保留匹配到的具有__meta_kubernetes_node_label的标签
- target_label: __address__ # 获取到的地址：__address__="192.168.40.180:10250"
replacement: kubernetes.default.svc:443 # 把获取到的地址替换成新的地址kubernetes.default.svc:443
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_node_name]
regex: (.+) # 把原始标签中__meta_kubernetes_node_name值匹配到
target_label: __metrics_path__ #获取__metrics_path__对应的值
replacement: /api/v1/nodes/${1}/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
# 把metrics替换成新的值api/v1/nodes/k8s-master1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
# ${1}是__meta_kubernetes_node_name获取到的值
# 新的url就是https://kubernetes.default.svc:443/api/v1/nodes/k8s-master1/proxy/metrics/cadvisor
- job_name: 'kubernetes-apiserver'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints # 使用k8s中的endpoint服务发现，采集apiserver 6443端口获取到的数据
scheme: https
tls_config:
ca_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/ca.crt
bearer_token_file: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount/token
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace, __meta_kubernetes_service_name, __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name]
# endpoint这个对象的名称空间,endpoint对象的服务名,exnpoint的端口名称
action: keep # 采集满足条件的实例，其他实例不采集
regex: default;kubernetes;https #正则匹配到的默认空间下的service名字是kubernetes，协议是https的endpoint类型保留下来
- job_name: 'kubernetes-service-endpoints'
kubernetes_sd_configs:
- role: endpoints
relabel_configs:
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape]
action: keep
regex: true
# 重新打标仅抓取到的具有 "prometheus.io/scrape: true" 的annotation的端点，意思是说如果某个service具有prometheus.io/scrape = true annotation声明则抓取，annotation本身也是键值结构，所以这里的源标签设置为键，而regex设置值true，当值匹配到regex设定的内容时则执行keep动作也就是保留，其余则丢弃。
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme]
action: replace
target_label: __scheme__
regex: (https?)
# 重新设置scheme，匹配源标签__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme也就是prometheus.io/scheme annotation，如果源标签的值匹配到regex，则把值替换为__scheme__对应的值。
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path]
action: replace
target_label: __metrics_path__
regex: (.+)
# 应用中自定义暴露的指标，也许你暴露的API接口不是/metrics这个路径，那么你可以在这个POD对应的service中做一个"prometheus.io/path = /mymetrics" 声明，上面的意思就是把你声明的这个路径赋值给__metrics_path__，其实就是让prometheus来获取自定义应用暴露的metrices的具体路径，不过这里写的要和service中做好约定，如果service中这样写 prometheus.io/app-metrics-path: '/metrics' 那么你这里就要__meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_app_metrics_path这样写。
- source_labels: [__address__, __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port]
action: replace
target_label: __address__
regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
replacement: $1:$2
# 暴露自定义的应用的端口，就是把地址和你在service中定义的 "prometheus.io/port = <port>" 声明做一个拼接，然后赋值给__address__，这样prometheus就能获取自定义应用的端口，然后通过这个端口再结合__metrics_path__来获取指标，如果__metrics_path__值不是默认的/metrics那么就要使用上面的标签替换来获取真正暴露的具体路径。
- action: labelmap #保留下面匹配到的标签
regex: __meta_kubernetes_service_label_(.+)
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_namespace]
action: replace # 替换__meta_kubernetes_namespace变成kubernetes_namespace
target_label: kubernetes_namespace
- source_labels: [__meta_kubernetes_service_name]
action: replace
4）通过deployment部署prometheus
[root@master ~]# cat prometheus-deploy.yaml
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: prometheus-server
namespace: monitoring
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: prometheus
component: server
#matchExpressions:
#- {key: app, operator: In, values: [prometheus]}
#- {key: component, operator: In, values: [server]}
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: prometheus
component: server
annotations:
prometheus.io/scrape: 'false'
spec:
nodeName: k8s-node1 # 指定pod调度到哪个节点上
serviceAccountName: monitor
containers:
- name: prometheus
image: prom/prometheus:v2.2.1
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
command:
- prometheus
- --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
- --storage.tsdb.path=/prometheus # 数据存储目录
- --storage.tsdb.retention=720h # 数据保存时长
- --web.enable-lifecycle # 开启热加载
ports:
- containerPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
name: prometheus-config
subPath: prometheus.yml
- mountPath: /prometheus/
name: prometheus-storage-volume
volumes:
- name: prometheus-config
configMap:
name: prometheus-config
items:
- key: prometheus.yml
path: prometheus.yml
mode: 0644
- name: prometheus-storage-volume
hostPath:
path: /data
type: Directory
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n monitoring
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
node-exporter-2xmmh 1/1 Running 2 (47m ago) 59m 192.168.84.155 master <none> <none>
node-exporter-cslvg 1/1 Running 1 (55m ago) 59m 192.168.84.157 node2 <none> <none>
node-exporter-q8lvs 1/1 Running 2 (47m ago) 59m 192.168.84.156 node1 <none> <none>
prometheus-server-6f957c546b-m44wk 1/1 Running 0 14m 192.166.166.132 node1 <none> <none>
5）给prometheus pod创建一个service
[root@master# cat prometheus-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: prometheus
namespace: monitor-sa
labels:
app: prometheus
spec:
type: NodePort
ports:
- port: 9090
targetPort: 9090
protocol: TCP
selector:
app: prometheus
component: server
[root@k8s-master]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-svc.yaml service/prometheus created
查看service在物理机映射的端口
[root@master]#kubectl get svc -n monitoring
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
prometheus NodePort 10.96.16.67 <none> 9090:31146/TCP 32m
3.2、Prometheus热加载
# 为了每次修改配置文件可以热加载prometheus，也就是不停止prometheus，就可以使配置生效，想要使配置生效可用如下热加载命令： [root@master]# kubectl get pods -n monitoring -o wide -l app=prometheus NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES prometheus-server-689fb8cdbc-kcsw2 1/1 Running 0 5m39s 192.166.166.131 node1 <none> <none> # 想要使配置生效可用如下命令热加载： [root@master]# curl -X POST http://192.166.166.131:9090/-/reload # 查看log [root@master]# kubectl logs -n monitoring prometheus-server-689fb8cdbc-kcsw2
# 热加载速度比较慢，可以暴力重启prometheus，如修改上面的prometheus-cfg.yaml文件之后，可执行如下强制删除： [root@master]# kubectl delete -f prometheus-cfg.yaml [root@master]# kubectl delete -f prometheus-deploy.yaml # 然后再通过apply更新： [root@master]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-cfg.yaml [root@master]# kubectl apply -f prometheus-deploy.yaml #注意：线上最好热加载，暴力删除可能造成监控数据的丢失
四、Grafana的安装和配置
4.1、Grafana介绍
Grafana是一个跨平台的开源的度量分析和可视化工具，可以将采集的数据可视化的展示，并及时通知给告警接收方。它主要有以下六大特点：
1）展示方式：快速灵活的客户端图表，面板插件有许多不同方式的可视化指标和日志，官方库中具有丰富的仪表盘插件，比如热图、折线图、图表等多种展示方式；
2）数据源：Graphite，InfluxDB，OpenTSDB，Prometheus，Elasticsearch，CloudWatch和KairosDB等；
3）通知提醒：以可视方式定义最重要指标的警报规则，Grafana将不断计算并发送通知，在数据达到阈值时通过Slack、PagerDuty等获得通知；
4）混合展示：在同一图表中混合使用不同的数据源，可以基于每个查询指定数据源，甚至自定义数据源；
5）注释：使用来自不同数据源的丰富事件注释图表，将鼠标悬停在事件上会显示完整的事件元数据和标记。
4.2、Grafana安装
# 准备yaml文件
[root@master]# cat grafana.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
replicas: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
template:
metadata:
labels:
task: monitoring
k8s-app: grafana
spec:
containers:
- name: grafana
image: k8s.gcr.io/heapster-grafana-amd64:v5.0.4
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
protocol: TCP
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /etc/ssl/certs
name: ca-certificates
readOnly: true
- mountPath: /var
name: grafana-storage
env:
- name: INFLUXDB_HOST
value: monitoring-influxdb
- name: GF_SERVER_HTTP_PORT
value: "3000"- name: GF_AUTH_BASIC_ENABLED
value: "false"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ENABLED
value: "true"
- name: GF_AUTH_ANONYMOUS_ORG_ROLE
value: Admin
- name: GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL
value: /
volumes:
- name: ca-certificates
hostPath:
path: /etc/ssl/certs
- name: grafana-storage
emptyDir: {}
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
labels:
kubernetes.io/cluster-service: 'true'
kubernetes.io/name: monitoring-grafana
name: monitoring-grafana
namespace: kube-system
spec:
ports:
- port: 80
targetPort: 3000
selector:
k8s-app: grafana
type: NodePort
# 更新yaml文件：
[root@master]# kubectl apply -f grafana.yaml
# 查看grafana是否创建成功：
[root@master]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system -l task=monitoring -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
monitoring-grafana-675798bf47-z9dpx 1/1 Running 0 19s 192.166.104.12 node2 <none> <none>
# 查看grafana前端的service
[root@master]# kubectl get svc -n kube-system | grep grafana
monitoring-grafana NodePort 10.96.52.234 <none> 80:30371/TCP 63s
4.3、配置Grafana
1）登陆grafana，在浏览器访问http://192.168.84.155:30371
2）开始配置grafana的web界面：选择Create your first data source
4.4、导入监控模板
官方链接搜索：https://grafana.com/dashboards?dataSource=prometheus&search=kubernetes
4.4.1、监控node状态
4.4.2、监控容器状态
参考：Kubernetes集群部署Prometheus和Grafana - 运维人在路上 - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)
(22条消息) k8s上部署Grafana_南方游牧的博客-CSDN博客
标签：__,node,kubernetes,Kubernetes,prometheus,Grafana,Prometheus,cpu,name From： https://www.cnblogs.com/gengxiaonuo/p/17134965.html