标签：ate 从句语法 carrot wolf rabbit 动词英语

英语语法学习计划安排:
1. 视频时间 8h , 学习计划 8 天; 2022 年 12 月 12 号到 2022 年 12 月 20 号
2. 英语兔 ---

在这里插入图片描述

D1 2022-9-3

句子成分 z

subject 主语
predicate verb 谓语动词
object 宾语
object complement 宾语补语
subject complement 主语补语
attributive 定语
adverbial 状语
appositive 同位语 句子的成分和单词的词性没有一一对应的关系

句子分类

按照结构复杂度分类
1. 简单句
2. 复合句
3. 复杂句
用途
1. 疑问句:一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反义疑问句
2. 陈述句
3. 祈使句: eat the carrot!
4. 感叹句 :

词类

verbs 动词
Nouns 名词
articles 冠词
pronouns 代词
adjectives 形容词
numerals 数词
advervs 副词
prepositions 介词
interjections 叹词
conjunctions 连词

谓语动词 `Tense` `Aspect` `Mood`

1. 动作时间 Tense
2. 动作状态 Aspect
3. 动作假设,情感 Mood![16种时态](/i/ll/?i=0bbe17ffe11f4ba4b6692c64e9a7a2e5.png)

五大类谓语动词

五大句型
1. the rabbit slept
2. the rabbit ate a carrot
3. the rabbit gave the wolf a carrot
4. the rabbit considered the carrot tasty
5. the rabbit is smart

谓语动词细分

可做谓语动词
- 实义动词
  - 按动作划分
    1. 及物动词
    2. 不及物动词
  - 按状态划分
    1. 动作动词
    2. 状态动词
- 系统词 linked
辅助构成谓语动词
- 助动词
- 情态动词

非谓语动词
1. 不定式
2. 过去分词
3. 现在分词
4. 动名词 一个简单句只能有一个谓语动词(表达时体气),其他的只能以非谓语动词出现,

助动词 auxiliary Verbs

协助动词完成特定功能助动词

verbs 动词的重要性 ,贯穿整个英语语法

时态: 16 种时态

现在时间的四种时态:

一般现在时:simple present tense : 与过去和将来无关,
1. 表达事实 :
  - I eat carrots ; 我吃胡萝卜 //
  - The rabbit eats carrots ; 兔子喜欢吃胡萝卜
  - the sun rises in the east.
  - 一般不使用 == i eat a carrot I go to lunch , I eat a carrot now==
2. 表达习惯/重复的动作:
  - I paly basketball ; 我打篮球 (我有这个习惯)
3. 表示预计发生的事情;
  - the bus leaves at 8p.m every day;
现在进行时态:present progressive tense; 助动词 be 的变位+动词的现在分词
现在完成时台:present perfect tense 助动词 hava 的变位 + 动词的过去分词
- 过去分词past participle 不等于 过去时 past/preterit
现在完成进行时态:present prefect progressive tense hava 的变位 + been + 动词的现在分词

I eat carrots I am eating a carrot; I have eaten carrots ; I have been eating carrtos 我正在吃胡萝卜, 不但已经吃了些,还将继续吃

过去时间的四种时态

一般过去时态 simple past tense : 动词过去式

表示动作发生了 ,
过去进行时态 past progressive tense: 助动词 be 的变位 + 现在分词
过去完成时态 :past perfect tense:
过去完成进行时态:past perfect progressive tense I eated carrots; 我吃过了胡萝卜 I was eating carrots; 过去某个时间点我正在吃胡萝卜 I had eaten a carrot ; 过去某个时间点我已经吃过了胡萝卜 I had been eating a carrot ; 过去某个时间点,我已经吃了点胡萝卜 ,我还要继续吃

将来时间的四种时态 will

一般将来时:simple future tense ; will + 动词原形
将来进行时态: future progressive tense ;
- 描述: 在将来某个时间, 某个动作是在进行的过程中;
- I will be eating a carrot for lunch tomorrow from 1pm to 3pm;
将来完成时态 future perfect tense ;
- If suddently you forget me , Do not look for me, for I shall already have forgotten you;
将来完成进行时态:future prefect progressive tense

I will eat a carrot; I wii be eating a carrot ; 将来某个时间点,我正在吃胡萝卜 I will have eaten a carrot ; 将来某个时间点, 我已经吃了胡萝卜 I will have been eating carrots ; 将来某个时间点,我已经吃了点胡萝卜,我还要继续吃

过去将来时间的四种时态 would

相对于过去某个时间点的将来

一般过去将来时态 : simple past future tense
- I said I would eat a carrot for lunch
- I knew you would watch my video.
过去将来进行时态:past future progressive tense
过去将来完成时态: past future prefect tense
过去将来完成进行时态: past future prefect progressive tense

语气 moods :

陈述语气: indicative mood

the rabbit ate the carrot.

祈使语气 imperative mood

表示命名.请求
Rabbit, eat the carrot;

`虚拟语气` mood

虚拟语气表示不可能假设
1. 表示和现在事实相反: 条件句: 过去时 , 主句:would +动词原形
  
  If i saw the rabbit now, I would bite him; If i were you, I would give this video a thumbs-up. // 虚拟语气用 were 不用 was
2. 表示和将来事实现房 (可能性很小) 条件句: should +动词原形 , 主句:would +动词原形
  
  if I should see the rabbit tomorrow , I would bite him; If I should meet thee after long years,how should I greet thee?
3. 表示和过去事实相反 条件句: had+过去分词 , 主句:would have +动词过去分词
  
  If I had seen the rabbit a few days ago,I would have bitten him; If I had watched this video before , I would hava aced my test ;
虚拟语气表达愿望,请求建议命令等 ,即希望某个动作发生(wish 可能性小)
1. 对现在的愿望: wish + 动词过去式
  
  I wish that I were a rabbit ; I wish that you were here ;
2. 对过去的愿望
  
  I wish that I had eaten the carrot;
3. 对将来的愿望
  
  I wish that i could eat the carrot ;

I would rather that you didn't eat the carrot , 我宁愿你不要吃那根胡萝卜, 现在还没有吃 I would rather that you hadn't eaten the carrot , 我宁愿你过去没有吃那根胡萝卜, 现在已经吃掉了

非谓语动词 `non-finite verbs` : 没有表达时间和人称的能力

非谓语动词: 非核心, 可以做处谓语之外的其他部分, 可以取代几乎所有从句简化句子
动词 → 谓语动词核心

I am a rabbit , I eat carrots. => 连词 I am a rabbit , so I eat carrots => 一个简单句中 , 只有一个谓语动词(核心)

动词不定时 infinitive :

to be or not to be, that is the question. you helped me (to) cook the carrot

不定式做主语

to eat a carrot every day is good for the rabbit . => 不定式做主语 It is good for the rabbit to eat a carrot every day ;
不定式做宾语

the rabbit likes to eat carrots => 不定式做宾语
不定式做宾语补语

the rabbit expected the wolf to eat a carrot carrots make the rabbit feel happy => 使役动词省略 to
不定式做主语补语

the rabbit's dream is to eat every kind of carrot in the world. => is 系统词 : (=) To eat kind of carrot in the world is the rabbit's dream .
不定式做定语

the rabbit has a lof of carrots to eat
不定式做状语

I was surprised to get thumbs-up. // 表原因, I was supprised because I got a thumbs-up. I will do anything to get a thumbs-up. // 表目的 === I will do anything in order that I get a thumbs-up. I got enough thumbs-up to make another video.// 表结果 === I got enough thumbs-up,so that I made another video.
高级不定式 : to + 动词原形的状态

The rabbit seemed to be eating a carrot. 这兔子之前似乎正在吃一根胡萝卜 The rabbit will appear to have eaten a carrot, 这兔子之后会看起来像是吃过了一根胡萝卜

动名词:动词原形+ing:相当于名词

做主语:

Eating carrots is healthty for the rabbit;
主语补语

the rabbit's hobby is growing carrots. Seeing is believing ;
定语

a sleeping pill
宾语

the rabbit likes eating carrots.

The rabbit is fond of eating carrots the rabbit is looking forward to seeing the wolf again. // to do be looking forward to doing . /

to do / doing 区别

The rabbit stopped to eat a carrot. 兔子停下手里的活去吃胡萝卜 The rabbit stopped eating a carrot . 兔子停止吃一根胡萝卜

现在分词不带现在时间

现在分词相当于 形容词; 动名词是 名词

a sleeping rabbit , 正在睡觉的兔子 the story is interesting ; <== interest
宾语补足语

forget doing forget to do

过去分词不带时间概念

The rabbit was frightened. 被动关系 ; 兔子感到害怕 The rabbit was frightening. 主动关系 ; 兔子令人感到害怕

非谓语动词:
- 过去分词: 被动/完成
- 现在分词:主动/进行
- 不定式: 将要

独立主格 ()

Because he was invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party. Invited by the wolf, the rabbit decided to go to the party. // 过去分词表原因简化 because ,主从句的主语都是 the rabbit 的情况下 ,

引导目的原因状语从句

Because the wolf invited him, the rabbit decided to go to the party. the wolf inviting him, the rabbit decided to go to the party.
引导条件从句

if the weather permits, the rabbit will go out. The weather permitting , the rabbit will go out.
引导时间状语从句

After the work was finished , The rabbit went home. The work finished, the rabbit went home

Many animals went to the party , some of them ~~being~~ rabbits and wolves. Many animals went to the party , some of them ~~being~~ happy. The rabbit sat on a chair, head ~~being~~ down The rabbit came in , carrot ~~being~~ in hand.

with + 宾语 + 宾补

The work finished , the rabbit went home. With the work finished , the rabbit went home.

助动词 Auxiliary Verb

辅助作用 , 需要和实义动词结合起来使用

基本助动词

be

The rabbit is eating a carrot. // 现在进行时 The carrot was eaten by the rabbit // 被动语态
have

The rabbit has eaten a carrot // 现在完成时
do

the rabbit does like coins! the rabbit does not like freeloaders.

情态动词

Can /Could
1. 表能力:
  
  I can kill a wolf . // 我能杀一只狼 , 将来要不要杀不知道 I could kill a wolf last year. // 去年我能杀一只狼 ,现在能不能杀不知道
2. 表许可
  
  can/could I borrow your book ? -- yes , of course // could 没有过去的含义 ,更礼貌
3. 表可能性
  
  The rabbit could have gone home earlier, but he didn't finish work on time; // 对过去的虚拟表达
May/might:
1. 表许可
  
  May/might I borrow your book ? -- yes , of course // 比 can 更礼貌
2. 表可能性比 can 可能性小
  
  The rabbit isn't here , He may be at home. // 不确信 The rabbit isn't here , He might be at home . //非常不确信
3. 表祝愿
  
  May you success. // 不用 might
must:
1. 表必须:
  
  you must finish your homework first .
2. 表禁止
  
  you must not somke here. // mustn't 必须不, 禁止
3. 表推测:
  
  the light is on. the rabbit must beat home // must 的否定必须要根据情况变化 the light isn't on . The rabbit can't be at home //
will/would:
1. 将来时
2. 表示请求, 建议
  
  Will you lend me that book? Would you please lend me that book? // 更礼貌
3. 表推测,假设
  
  What would the rabbit eat for dinner ? He would eat a carrot.
shall /
1. 构成将来时
  
  I shall be there at 9a.m.
2. 表请求或征求意见
  
  shall we meet at 9am.
3. 表警告命令
  
  You shall not murder. You shall not steal. You shall not covet. Thou shalt not murder. Thou shalt not steal . Thou shalt not covet . // 中古英语表述
should:
1. 表应当
  
  we should treat the rabbit well. // 应该
2. 表有一定根据的推测
  
  It should rain tomorrow.
3. 表竟然
  
  It's surprising that he should be late // 真的很细怪他 竟然会迟到
4. 虚拟语气
  
  You should have eaten the carrot. // 你应该吃掉那根胡萝卜 (实际没有吃)
ought to
1. 表应当
  
  we ought to treat the rabbit well. // 应该比 should 语气强一些
need (实义动词时表需要)
1. the rabbit need wait === The rabbit needs to wait // 后句更常见
dare: (实义动词 or 情态) : 敢 用于否定、疑问句

THe rabbit dare not tell the truth to the wolf . How dare you! // 省略了动词 . 这里还是情态动词
used to : 表示过去的动作强调和现在的对比

The rabbit used to eat apples, Now he only eats carrots.

半助动词

be able to
be going to
be about to
be to: 命令
had better

系统词 linking verb 赋值的作用

把前后两个概念联系起来

I am a rabbit ; the carrot smells nice I smell something , oh no the carrot has gone bad. it smells. //这两个 smell 是实义动词 the room remained empty. the sky grew grey.

使役动词. 使让令

使役动词 + 宾语 + 宾补

make ; 让某人做某事

I make the wolf eat carrots from time to time. // eat 是非谓语动词 , 裸不定式 bare infinitive , 很多时候看到的动词原形往往都是裸不定式 The carrot made the wolf full.

let 允许某人做某事

I'll let the wolf eat some chocolate // Let me out // out 副词宾补

have (实义动词有; 助动词 ; 使役动词,)

I'll have the wolf wash the dishes ==> I'll have the dishes washed. I had someone wash my car. == > I had my car washed.

get 说服/鼓励 ... 做...

I'll get the wolf to clean the kitchen after she washes the dishes. // full infinitive

I'll have someone wash my car for 1Yuan . // 我会让人 1 块就把我车洗了 hava 任务/职责 I'll get the wolf to wash my car for free. // 我会想办法让浪免费给我洗车 I'll get someone to wash my car for 10Yuan. // 我会说服某人 100 块就把我车洗了 , 隐含占了便宜..

冠词 (中文说英语常见错误)

春天 : a spring / the spring / spring

不定冠词 a/an

发音:
1. 辅音 音素 : a rabbit , a university
2. 元音 音素 :an apple , an hour
用法:
1. 泛指某一个人或物 ,当泛指的时候就不永一个一只来翻译了
  
  a rabbit is smarter than a wolf. // 在某些语境下可能会有歧义 , 最好用零冠词
2. 表示数字 1.
3. 主谓一致
  
  a teacher and video creator a teacher and a video creator
4. 固定用法
  
  hava a good time as a result in a hurry all of a sudden

定冠词 the (发音不同)

发音:
1. 辅音 音素 : [ðə]
2. 元音 音素 :an apple , the hour [ði]
用法:特指某个人或某些特定的物 ,对话者都知道的物
1. 再次提到的物
  
  I saw a rabbit , a rabbit ran fast. // 迷惑这里难道有两只兔子么? I saw a rabbit ,the rabbit ran fast.
2. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前
  
  the first rabbit the
3. 独一无二的事物
  
  the great wall
4. 泛指
  
  The computer has changed our way of life. // 计算机改变了我们的生活泛指计算机 // 最好还是改成 computers 零冠词
5. 在形容词前
  
  the poor , the rich
6. 固定表达
  
  all the time all the way out of the question

零冠词 `泛指` 不容易引发歧义

复数泛指:

A rabbit is smart . Rabbits are smart. Computers have changed our way of life. water is important // 不可数当成可数名词理解泛指
泛指概念

summer is hot , winter is cold.// 具象的需要复数 , 抽象的是单数 play football // 这里的 football 指的是 足球运动这种抽象概念 , 而不是特指某一个具象的足球 play the piano , play a piano , play piano play flute I like geometry in spring in August on Monday
专有名词:

Papa rabbit
泛指抽象

we breathe air Summer is hot, Winter is cold.
固定表达

from time to time out of question -- out of the question 两者意义相反

Clause 英语从句

英语的三种句子

simple sentences : 简单句 不能拆分
Compound Sentences; 复合句 不分主次
Complex sentences; 复杂句 主句+从句

Complex sentences

main clause: subordinate clause :

I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot ; 宾语从句

名词从句

主语从句

The fact that the rabbit ate a carrot is obvious. It is obvious that the rabbit ate a carrot

It 形式主语 it is +...+ that/关系词

That the hungry rabbit had already eaten a carrot for dinneccr this evening is obvious. // 头重脚轻,英语往往用 it 形式主语改造.

It is obvuous that the hungry rabbit had already eaten a carrot for dinner this evening.

宾语从句

确定 & 不确定信息做宾语从句

I saw that the rabbit ate a carrot

I saw whether the rabbit ate the carrot I saw what the rabbit ate
省略引导词 that / 其他引导词不可以省略

I know ~~(that)~~ the rabbit ate a carrot

I saw whether the rabbit ate the carrot I saw when the rabbit ate the carrot.

that 不可省略的 that I didn't know that the rabbit ate the carrot and that you saw it // 这里的 and 表示两个并列的宾语从句, 第一个可以省略但第二个that不可 否则有歧义 I know , just like you do , that the rabbit ate the carrot. // that 不可省略, 引导宾语从句
否定加载谓语动词前, 而非从句中 (绝大部分情况)

I don't think (that) the rabbit is smart I don't think (that) you will give me some coins.
主语时态 == 宾语从句时态

I didn't think that you were right I knew that the sun rises in the east . // 客观的不变的现象用一般现在时 ;
be + 形容词 + that : 该句型没有定论 ,

I'm sure that there's a carrot on the table. I'm happy that there's a carrot on the table.

表语从句 (`表语==主语补语`)

> it seems that the rabbit is hungry
> It feels that you are not telling the truth.

同位语从句

同位语

My teacher,Papa Rabbit , likes carrots ;
同位语从句:

The fact that the rabbit ate the carrot did not surprise me. The question whether the rabbit will eat the carrot is on all our minds.
宾语补语从句

You can call me what you like My education made me who I am today.

`形容词从句(定语从句,关系从句 )` : 难度中西方思维差异

形容词性的思维, 英语后置

这兔子在吃一根 我买来的 胡萝卜 : 中文形容词往往是前置的 the rabbit is eating a carrot that I bought: that 关系词 This is a rabbit who started uploading videos since a few months ago to focus on English teaching and is likied by students who will definitely give this video a thumbs-up.

关系代词 that which

that:先行词是唯一的

the rabbit ate the largest carrot that I've ever seen.

which ,that 通用: 先行词多选一

The rabbit ate a carrot which/that I bought

关系副词 where why

关系副词 = 介词 + which

This was the place where/at which the rabbit ate the carrot. This is the reason why/for which the rabbit ate the carrot.

限定性形容词从句 : 限定范围

the rabbit ate the carrot which was on the table // 兔子吃了桌子上的这根胡萝卜

非限定性形容词从句

the rabbit ate the carrot , which was on the table . 兔子吃胡萝卜胡萝卜在桌上. 完全可能只有一根胡萝卜恰巧才桌子上 the rabbit ate the carrot , the carrot was on the table

限定 vs 非限定意义区别

I hava a head which is round. // 我有好几个头 ,其中一个是圆的 // 限定性形容词从句 I hava a head , which is round. // 我有一个头 ,它是圆的 //非限定性形容词从句

非限定性用做插入语 , 补充信息

> My head,~~which is big and round~~ , is useful when it rains.  // 非限定性,去掉 不影响句意
> The biggest carrot, ~~which the rabbit ate~~, was on the table.	 // 非限定性 , 去掉 不影响句意
> ~~The biggest carrot which the rabbit ate was on the table~~.	  // 限定性 且 唯一的 要用that

副词从句 (状语从句)

表时间

在某一时间点之前 before

The rabbit ate a carrot at home before the wolf stopped by. Before the wolf stopped by , the rabbit ate a carrot at home. // 当从句在前面的时候 + 逗号方便断句
在某一时间点之中 当时 when while as

The rabbit was eating a carrot when I reched home. // when 时间点有突然的含义 The rabbit was eating a carrot while I was making a viedo. // while 某个时间段 I ate a carrot as I made the video. // as 同时
在某一时间点之后 after

The rabbit ate a carrot after the wolf stopped by.
从之前某一时间点开始算 since 完成时

The rabbit has shared three carrots since the wolf stopped by. // 自从大灰狼来串门, 兔子已经分享了三根胡萝卜 The rabbit has not stopped sharing carrots since the wolf stopped by. // 自从大灰狼来串门,兔子一直在分享胡萝卜
直到之后某一时间点 until

The rabbit waited until the wolf stopped by. The rabbit didn't eat any carrot until the wolf stopped by. +一---就 as soon as the rabbit will eat a carrot as soon as the wolf leaves
下次 the next time

The rabbit will share the biggest carrot the next time the wolf stops by.

表地点 where +强调形式(wherever,everywhere anywhere)

The rabbit ate the carrot where he found it. // 地点状语从句直接表示地点

The rabbit ate the carrot at the palce where he found it. // 定语从句修饰先行词 place This is where he found the carrot. // 表语从句 Where he found the carrot is a secret. // 主语从句

where 的强调形式

The rabbit will go wherever he can find a carrot The rabbit sees a carrot everywhere he goes. // ===every palce where the rabbit can eat a carrot anywhere he likes. // === at any place where

表条件

表让步

表方式

表比较

表原因

表目的

表结果

形容词

用法

限定词 (主观)特征尺寸形状新旧颜色来源材料用途

a beautiful big round new black Chinese wooden table 一张崭新的漂亮的黑色的中式木质大圆桌 ,// 与中文的顺序不同

定语

定语后置

形容词短语做定语

> carrots good for the rabbit

the rabbiteager to eat carrots // 非谓语动词 the rabbit busy eating carrots // 非谓语动词

标语

补语

状语

构成

简单形容词

复合形容词

比较级

最高级

顺序

代词 `pro(替代) + noun (名词)`

人称 + 数量 + 主宾区分
格 case: 体现一个词在剧中的角色和功能

人称代词


主格	宾格	所有格形容词	所有格名词性	反身代词
I	me	my	mine	myself
we	us	our	ours	ourselves
you	you	your	yours	yourself
you	you	your	yours	yourselves
he	him	his	his	himself
she	her	hers	hers	serself
they	them	their	theirs	themselves
it	it	its	its	itself
they(它们)	them(它们)	their	theirs	themselves

物主代词所属关系形容限定之后的名词

反身代词

I saw myself.

强调代词

the rabbit washed himself the rabbit washed the carrots himself

相互代词

we should help each other

指示代词

this these that those

不定代词

many much
a few few
a little little
some any :
each every: 2 个 or 以上 / 3 个 or 以上
either neither
both all
other .the other another:
复合不定代词: everyone, somthing , nothing...

疑问代词

who|whom| whose what which

连接代词引导主语从句,宾语从句表语从句

who : I don't know who you are
whom
whose
what : what he said is not true
which
whoever
whomever
whatever
whichever

关系代词 `定语从句`

who
whom : the rabbit whom I saw ate a carrot
whose
which
that
as

语态

主动语态
被动语态:Be + 过去分词

主+谓语

没有被动语态
主 + 谓语 +宾语

The rabbit ate the carrot The carrot was eaten by the rabbit // 被动语态强调
主语+谓语+间接宾语 +直接宾语

The rabbit gave the carrot to the wolf The wolf was given the carrot by the rabbit The carrot was given to the wolf by the rabbit

The rabbit gave the wolf the carrot. // give sth. to sb. === give sb. sth. //被动语态不能省略 to The carrot was given to the wolf by the rabbit
主+ 谓 + 宾 + 宾补

The wolf invited the rabbit to her party. The rabbit was invited to the party by the wolf

The rabbit made the wolf laugh. // 使役动词 + bare infinitive(裸不定式) The wolf was made to laugh by the rabbit // bare infinitive(裸不定式) 被动语态的时候要+to

P22 构词法

派生词根+词缀 (prefix suffix)

hydr- 水有关 -idle: 能被 visible , audible edible in-: 不 : invisible inaudible inedible en- :使得 enlarge

count → countable eff : effable ineffable

im → impossible un → uncountable il → illeagal ir → irregular mis → mislead dis → dislike de → dehydrate non → nonlinear

P23 句子成分和分类

标签：ate,从句,语法,carrot,wolf,rabbit,动词,英语
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/deanroyal/p/16975783.html

英语兔语法