dpkg 包管理器
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语法格式
dpkg [option] [package] -
常见用法
#安装包，不支持包的依赖 dpkg -i package.deb #删除包，不建议，不自动卸载依赖于它的包 dpkg -r package #删除包（包括配置文件） dpkg -P package #列出当前已安装的包，类似rpm -qa dpkg -l #显示该包的简要说明 dpkg -l package #列出该包的状态，包括详细信息，类似rpm –qi dpkg -s package #列出该包中所包含的文件，类似rpm –ql dpkg -L package #搜索包含pattern的包，类似rpm –qf dpkg -S <pattern> #配置包，-a 使用，配置所有没有配置的软件包 dpkg --configure package #列出 deb 包的内容，类似rpm –qpl dpkg -c package.deb #解开 deb 包的内容 dpkg --unpack package.deb -
范例
#列出系统上安装的所有软件包 dpkg -l #列出软件包安装的文件 dpkg -L bash #查看/bin/bash来自于哪个软件包 dpkg -S /bin/bash #安装本地的 .deb 文件 dpkg -i /mnt/cdrom/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11build1_amd64.deb #卸载软件包 dpkg -r zip -
注意：
一般建议不要使用dpkg卸载软件包。因为删除包时，其它依赖它的包不会卸载，并且可能无法再正常运行
apt工具集来管理包系统
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apt与apt-get命令对比
apt 命令 被取代的命令 命令的功能 apt install apt-get install 安装软件包 apt remove apt-get remove 移除软件包 apt purge apt-get purge 移除软件包及配置文件 apt update apt-get update 刷新存储库索引 apt upgrade apt-get upgrade 升级所有可升级的软件包 apt autoremove apt-get autoremove 升级所有可升级的软件包 apt full-upgrade apt-get dist-upgrade 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系 apt search apt-get search 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系 apt show apt-cache show 搜索应用程序 -
apt 特有的命令
apt list 列出包含条件的包（已安装，可升级等） apt edit-sources 编辑源列表 -
apt包索引配置文件
/etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d -
常用国内镜像源版本
#本节均为 Ubuntu 20.04 的镜像源列表。若为其他版本，将所有focal更改为其他版本代号即可。 常用的Ubuntu版本代号如下： Ubuntu 22.04：jammy Ubuntu 20.04：focal Ubuntu 18.04：bionic Ubuntu 16.04：xenial -
配置apt包索引文件
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阿里云源：ubuntu 16.04 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe -
阿里云源：ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse -
阿里云源：ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse-
清华源：Ubuntu20.04
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse ## Pre-released source, not recommended. # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse -
网易163：Ubuntu20.04
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Pre-released source, not recommended. # deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse -