task1:
publisher.hpp:
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <iostream>
4 #include <string>
5
6 using std::cout;
7 using std::endl;
8 using std::string;
9
10 // 发行/出版物类：Publisher （抽象类）
11 class Publisher {
12 public:
13 Publisher(const string &s = ""); // 构造函数
14
15 public:
16 virtual void publish() const = 0; // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
17 virtual void use() const = 0; // 纯虚函数，作为接口继承
18
19 protected:
20 string name; // 发行/出版物名称
21 };
22
23 Publisher::Publisher(const string &s): name {s} {
24 }
25
26
27 // 图书类: Book
28 class Book: public Publisher {
29 public:
30 Book(const string &s = "", const string &a = ""); // 构造函数
31
32 public:
33 void publish() const override; // 接口
34 void use() const override; // 接口
35
36 private:
37 string author; // 作者
38 };
39
40 Book::Book(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, author{a} {
41 }
42
43 void Book::publish() const {
44 cout << "Publishing book: 《" << name << "》 by " << author << endl;
45 }
46
47 void Book::use() const {
48 cout << "Reading book: " << name << " by " << author << endl;
49 }
50
51
52 // 电影类: Film
53 class Film: public Publisher {
54 public:
55 Film(const string &s = "", const string &d = ""); // 构造函数
56
57 public:
58 void publish() const override; // 接口
59 void use() const override; // 接口
60
61 private:
62 string director; // 导演
63 };
64
65 Film::Film(const string &s, const string &d): Publisher{s}, director{d} {
66 }
67
68 void Film::publish() const {
69 cout << "Publishing film: <" << name << "> directed by " << director << endl;
70 }
71
72 void Film::use() const {
73 cout << "Watching film: " << name << " directed by " << director << endl;
74 }
75
76
77 // 音乐类：Music
78 class Music: public Publisher {
79 public:
80 Music(const string &s = "", const string &a = "");
81
82 public:
83 void publish() const override; // 接口
84 void use() const override; // 接口
85
86 private:
87 string artist; // 音乐艺术家名称
88 };
89
90 Music::Music(const string &s, const string &a): Publisher{s}, artist{a} {
91 }
92
93 void Music::publish() const {
94 cout << "Publishing music <" << name << "> by " << artist << endl;
95 }
96
97 void Music::use() const {
98 cout << "Listening to music: " << name << " by " << artist << endl;
99 }
View Code
task1.cpp:
1 #include "publisher.hpp"
2 #include <vector>
3 #include <typeinfo>
4
5 using std::vector;
6
7 void test() {
8 vector<Publisher *> v;
9
10 v.push_back(new Book("Harry Potter", "J.K. Rowling"));
11 v.push_back(new Film("The Godfather", "Francis Ford Coppola"));
12 v.push_back(new Music("Blowing in the wind", "Bob Dylan"));
13
14 for(auto &ptr: v) {
15 cout << "pointer type: " << typeid(ptr).name() << endl; // 输出指针类型
16 cout << "RTTI type: " << typeid(*ptr).name() << endl; // 输出指针指向的对象类型
17 ptr->publish();
18 ptr->use();
19 cout << endl;
20 }
21 }
22
23 int main() {
24 test();
25 }
View Code
task2:
book.hpp:
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <string>
4 #include <iostream>
5 #include <iomanip>
6
7 using std::string;
8 using std::ostream;
9 using std::endl;
10 using std::setw;
11 using std::left;
12
13 class Book {
14 public:
15 Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price);
16
17 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book);
18
19 private:
20 string name; // 书名
21 string author; // 作者
22 string translator; // 译者
23 string isbn; // isbn号
24 float price; // 定价
25 };
26
27 // 成员函数实现
28 Book::Book(const string &name, const string &author, const string &translator, const string &isbn, float price) {
29 this->name = name;
30 this->author = author;
31 this->translator = translator;
32 this->isbn = isbn;
33 this->price = price;
34 }
35
36 // 友元实现
37 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Book &book) {
38 out << left;
39 out << setw(15) << "书名:" << book.name << endl
40 << setw(15) << "作者:" << book.author << endl
41 << setw(15) << "译者:" << book.translator << endl
42 << setw(15) << "ISBN:" << book.isbn << endl
43 << setw(15) << "定价:" << book.price;
44
45 return out;
46 }
View Code
booksale.hpp:
1 #pragma once
2
3 #include "book.hpp"
4 #include <iostream>
5 #include <string>
6 #include <iomanip>
7
8 using std::string;
9 using std::cout;
10 using std::endl;
11 using std::setw;
12
13 class BookSale {
14 public:
15 BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount);
16 int get_amount() const;
17
18 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item);
19
20 private:
21 Book rb;
22 float sales_price; // 售价
23 int sales_amount; // 销售数量
24 float revenue; // 营收
25 };
26
27 // 成员函数实现
28 BookSale::BookSale(const Book &b, float price, int amount): rb{b}, sales_price(price), sales_amount{amount} {
29 revenue = sales_amount * sales_price;
30 }
31
32 int BookSale::get_amount() const {
33 return sales_amount;
34 }
35
36 // 友元函数实现
37 ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const BookSale &item) {
38 out << left;
39 out << item.rb << endl
40 << setw(15) << "售价:" << item.sales_price << endl
41 << setw(15) << "销售数量:" << item.sales_amount << endl
42 << setw(15) << "营收:" << item.revenue;
43
44 return out;
45 }
View Code
task2.cpp:
1 #include "booksale.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <vector>
5 #include <algorithm>
6
7 // 按图书销售数额比较
8 bool compare_by_amount(const BookSale &x1, const BookSale &x2) {
9 return x1.get_amount() > x2.get_amount();
10 }
11
12 void test() {
13 using namespace std;
14
15 vector<BookSale> sales_lst; // 存放图书销售记录
16
17 int books_number;
18 cout << "录入图书数量: ";
19 cin >> books_number;
20
21 cout << "录入图书销售记录" << endl;
22 for(int i = 0; i < books_number; ++i) {
23 string name, author, translator, isbn;
24 float price;
25 cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "本图书信息录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
26 cout << "录入书名: "; cin >> name;
27 cout << "录入作者: "; cin >> author;
28 cout << "录入译者: "; cin >> translator;
29 cout << "录入isbn: "; cin >> isbn;
30 cout << "录入定价: "; cin >> price;
31
32 Book book(name, author, translator, isbn, price);
33
34 float sales_price;
35 int sales_amount;
36
37 cout << "录入售价: "; cin >> sales_price;
38 cout << "录入销售数量: "; cin >> sales_amount;
39
40 BookSale record(book, sales_price, sales_amount);
41 sales_lst.push_back(record);
42 }
43
44 // 按销售册数排序
45 sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount);
46
47 // 按销售册数降序输出图书销售信息
48 cout << string(20, '=') << "图书销售统计" << string(20, '=') << endl;
49 for(auto &t: sales_lst) {
50 cout << t << endl;
51 cout << string(40, '-') << endl;
52 }
53 }
54
55 int main() {
56 test();
57 }
View Code
问题一：运用运算符重载，返回值为流对象ostream的引用形式，可以实现连续输出，<<作为双目运算符，一个形参是流对象，一个是自定义的类
问题二： sort(sales_lst.begin(), sales_lst.end(), compare_by_amount); 用迭代器和自定义的函数来实现，compare_by_amount是自定义的函数，如果＞，则返回真的一个bool函数
问题三：rb{b}，列表初始化
task3：
Pets.hpp:
1 #pragma once
2 #include<iostream>
3 #include<string>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 class MachinePets
7 {
8 private:
9 string nickname;
10
11 public:
12 MachinePets(const string& name) :nickname(name) {}
13 string get_nickname()const;
14 virtual string talk() = 0;
15
16 };
17
18 string MachinePets::get_nickname()const
19 {
20 return nickname;
21 }
22
23
24 class PetCats :public MachinePets
25 {
26 public:
27 PetCats(const string& s) :MachinePets(s) {}
28 string talk()override;
29
30 };
31
32 string PetCats::talk()
33 {
34 return "miao wu~";
35
36 }
37
38
39 class PetDogs :public MachinePets
40 {
41 public:
42 PetDogs(const string& s) :MachinePets(s) {}
43 string talk()override;
44
45 };
46
47 string PetDogs::talk()
48 {
49 return "wang wang~";
50 }
View Code
task3.cpp:
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <vector>
3 #include "pets.hpp"
4
5 void test() {
6 using namespace std;
7
8 vector<MachinePets *> pets;
9
10 pets.push_back(new PetCats("miku"));
11 pets.push_back(new PetDogs("da huang"));
12
13 for(auto &ptr: pets)
14 cout <<ptr->get_nickname() << " says " << ptr->talk() << endl;
15 }
16
17 int main() {
18 test();
19 }
View Code
task4:
film.hpp:
1 #pragma once
2 #include<iostream>
3 #include<string>
4 #include<iomanip>
5 using namespace std;
6
7 class Film
8 {
9 private:
10 string pianming;
11 string daoyan;
12 string diqu;
13 int nianfen;
14
15 public:
16 friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Film& f);
17 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f);
18 friend bool compare_by_year(const Film& f1, const Film& f2);
19
20 };
21
22 istream& operator>>(istream &in,Film& f)
23 {
24 cout << "录入片名:"; cin >> f.pianming;
25 cout << "录入导演:"; cin >> f.daoyan;
26 cout << "录入制片国家/地区:"; cin >> f.diqu;
27 cout << "录入上映年份:"; cin >> f.nianfen;
28 return in;
29
30 }
31
32 ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Film& f)
33 {
34 out << left;
35 out << setw(15) << f.pianming << setw(15) << f.daoyan << setw(15) << f.diqu << setw(15) << f.nianfen;
36 return out;
37 }
38
39
40 bool compare_by_year(const Film& f1, const Film& f2)
41 {
42 return f1.nianfen < f2.nianfen;
43 }
View Code
task4.cpp：
1 #include "film.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 #include <vector>
5 #include <algorithm>
6
7 void test() {
8 using namespace std;
9
10 int n;
11 cout << "输入电影数目: ";
12 cin >> n;
13
14 cout << "录入" << n << "部影片信息" << endl;
15 vector<Film> film_lst;
16 for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
17 Film f;
18 cout << string(20, '-') << "第" << i+1 << "部影片录入" << string(20, '-') << endl;
19 cin >> f;
20 film_lst.push_back(f);
21 }
22
23 // 按发行年份升序排序
24 sort(film_lst.begin(), film_lst.end(), compare_by_year);
25
26 cout << string(20, '=') + "电影信息(按发行年份)" + string(20, '=')<< endl;
27 for(auto &f: film_lst)
28 cout << f << endl;
29 }
30
31 int main() {
32 test();
33 }
View Code
task5:
Complex.hpp:
1 #pragma once
2 #include<iostream>
3 using namespace std;
4
5 template <typename T>
6 class Complex
7 {
8 private:
9 T real;
10 T imag;
11 public:
12 Complex(T shi = 0, T xu = 0);
13 Complex(const Complex& c);
14
15 T get_real();
16 T get_imag();
17
18 friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Complex& c)
19 {
20 in >> c.real >> c.imag;
21 return in;
22 }
23 friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Complex& c)
24 {
25 if (c.imag > 0)
26 {
27 out << c.real << " + " << c.imag<<"i";
28 return out;
29 }
30 else
31 {
32 out << c.real << " - " << -c.imag<<"i";
33 return out;
34 }
35 }
36
37 Complex& operator+=(const Complex& c)
38 {
39 real += c.real;
40 imag += c.imag;
41 return *this;
42
43 }
44
45 Complex operator+(const Complex& c) //返回值类型不能为引用，这只是创建了一个临时无名对象
46 {
47 return Complex(real + c.real, imag + c.imag);
48 }
49
50 bool operator==(const Complex& c)
51 {
52 if (real == c.real)
53 {
54 return true;
55 }
56 else
57 {
58 return false;
59 }
60 }
61
62 };
63
64 template <typename T>
65 Complex<T>::Complex(T shi, T xu):real(shi),imag(xu){}
66
67 template <typename T>
68 Complex<T>::Complex(const Complex& c)
69 {
70 real = c.real;
71 imag = c.imag;
72 }
73
74 template <typename T>
75 T Complex<T>::get_real()
76 {
77 return real;
78 }
79
80 template <typename T>
81 T Complex<T>::get_imag()
82 {
83 return imag;
84 }
View Code
task5.cpp:
1 #include "Complex.hpp"
2 #include <iostream>
3
4 using std::cin;
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7 using std::boolalpha;
8
9 void test1() {
10 Complex<int> c1(2, -5), c2(c1);
11
12 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
13 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
14 cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
15
16 c1 += c2;
17 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
18 cout << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
19 }
20
21 void test2() {
22 Complex<double> c1, c2;
23 cout << "Enter c1 and c2: ";
24 cin >> c1 >> c2;
25 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
26 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
27
28 cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
29 cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;
30 }
31
32 int main() {
33 cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试1: " << endl;
34 test1();
35
36 cout << endl;
37
38 cout << "自定义类模板Complex测试2: " << endl;
39 test2();
40 }
View Code
task6:
date.h:
1 #pragma once
2
3 class Date {
4 private:
5 int year;
6 int month;
7 int day;
8 int totalDays;
9
10 public:
11 Date(int year, int month, int day);
12 int getYear() const { return year; }
13 int getMonth() const { return month; }
14 int getDay() const { return day; }
15 int getMaxDay() const;
16 bool isLeapYear() const {
17 return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
18
19 }
20 void show() const;
21 int operator-(const Date & date) const {
22 return totalDays - date.totalDays;
23
24 }
25
26 };
View Code
date.cpp:
1 #include "date.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <cstdlib>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 namespace {
7 const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0, 31, 59, 90, 120, 151, 181, 212, 243, 273, 304, 334, 365 };
8
9 }
10
11 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) : year(year), month(month), day(day) {
12 if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
13 cout << "Invalid date: ";
14 show();
15 cout << endl;
16 exit(1);
17
18 }
19 int years = year - 1;
20 totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
21 if (isLeapYear() && month > 2) totalDays++;
22
23 }
24
25 int Date::getMaxDay() const {
26 if (isLeapYear() && month == 2)
27 return 29;
28 else return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
29
30 }
31
32 void Date::show() const {
33 cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
34
35 }
View Code
accumulator.h:
1 #pragma once
2 #include "date.h"
3
4 class Accumulator {
5 private:
6 Date lastDate;
7 double value;
8 double sum;
9
10 public:
11
12 double getSum(const Date& date) const {
13 return sum + value * (date - lastDate);
14
15 }
16 Accumulator(const Date& date, double value) : lastDate(date), value(value), sum{ 0 } {}
17
18 void change(const Date& date, double value) {
19 sum = getSum(date);
20 lastDate = date;
21 this->value = value;
22
23 }
24
25 void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
26 lastDate = date;
27 this->value = value;
28 sum = 0;
29 }
30
31 };
View Code
account.h:
1 #pragma once
2 #include "date.h"
3 #include "accumulator.h"
4 #include <string>
5 using namespace std;
6
7 class Account {
8 private:
9 string id;
10 double balance;
11 static double total;
12 protected:
13 Account(const Date& date, const string& id);
14 void record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
15 void error(const string& msg) const;
16
17 public:
18 const string& getId() { return id; }
19 double getBalance() const { return balance; }
20 static double getTotal() { return total; }
21 virtual void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
22 virtual void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) = 0;
23 virtual void settle(const Date& date) = 0;
24 virtual void show() const;
25
26 };
27
28 class SavingsAccount : public Account {
29 private:
30 Accumulator acc;
31 double rate;
32 public:
33 SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate);
34 double getRate() const { return rate; }
35 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
36 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
37 void settle(const Date& date);
38
39 };
40
41 class CreditAccount : public Account {
42 private:
43 Accumulator acc;
44 double credit;
45 double rate;
46 double fee;
47 double getDebt() const {
48 double balance = getBalance();
49 return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
50
51 }
52 public:
53 CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
54 double getCredit() const { return credit; }
55 double getRate() const { return rate; }
56 double getFee() const { return fee; }
57 double getAvailableCredit() const {
58 if (getBalance() < 0) return credit + getBalance();
59 else return credit;
60
61 }
62 void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
63 void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc);
64 void settle(const Date& date);
65 void show() const;
66
67 };
View Code
account.cpp:
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include <cmath>
3 #include<iostream>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 double Account::total = 0;
7 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id) : id(id), balance(0) {
8 date.show();
9 cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
10
11 }
12
13 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
14 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
15 balance += amount;
16 total += amount;
17 date.show();
18 cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
19
20 }
21
22 void Account::show() const {
23 cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance;
24
25 }
26
27 void Account::error(const string& msg) const {
28 cout << "Error (#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
29
30 }
31
32 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate)
33 : Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) {}
34
35 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
36 record(date, amount, desc);
37 acc.change(date, getBalance());
38
39 }
40
41 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
42 if (amount > getBalance()) {
43 error("not enough money");
44
45 }
46 else {
47 record(date, -amount, desc);
48 acc.change(date, getBalance());
49
50 }
51
52 }
53
54 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
55 if (date.getMonth() == 1)
56 {
57 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate / (date - Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
58 if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
59 acc.reset(date, getBalance());
60 }
61 }
62
63 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
64 : Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) {}
65
66 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
67 record(date, amount, desc);
68 acc.change(date, getDebt());
69
70 }
71
72 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
73 if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
74 error("not enough credit");
75
76 }
77 else {
78 record(date, -amount, desc);
79 acc.change(date, getDebt());
80
81 }
82
83 }
84
85 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
86 double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
87 if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
88 if (date.getMonth() == 1) record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
89 acc.reset(date, getDebt());
90
91 }
92
93 void CreditAccount::show() const {
94 Account::show();
95 cout << "\tAvailable credit: " << getAvailableCredit();
96
97 }
View Code
task6.cpp:
1 #include "account.h"
2 #include<iostream>
3 using namespace std;
4
5 int main() {
6 Date date(2008, 11, 1);
7 SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
8 SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
9 CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
10 Account* accounts[] = { &sa1, &sa2, &ca };
11 const int n = sizeof(accounts) / sizeof(Account*);
12 cout << "(d)deposit (w)withdraw (s)show (c)change day (n)next month (e)exit" << endl;
13 char cmd;
14 do {
15 date.show();
16 cout << "\tTotal:" << Account::getTotal() << "\tcommand>";
17 int index, day;
18 double amount;
19 string desc;
20 cin >> cmd;
21 switch (cmd) {
22 case 'd':
23 cin >> index >> amount;
24 getline(cin, desc);
25 accounts[index]->deposit(date, amount, desc);
26 break;
27 case 'w':
28 cin >> index >> amount;
29 getline(cin, desc);
30 accounts[index]->withdraw(date, amount, desc);
31 break;
32 case 's':
33 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
34 cout << "[" << i << "]";
35 accounts[i]->show();
36 cout << endl;
37
38 }
39 break;
40 case 'c':
41 cin >> day;
42 if (day < date.getDay()) {
43 cout << "You cannot specify a previous day";
44
45 }
46 else if (day > date.getMaxDay())
47 cout << "Invalid day";
48 else date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth(), day);
49 break;
50 case 'n':
51 if (date.getMonth() == 12)
52 date = Date(date.getYear() + 1, 1, 1);
53 else
54 {
55 date = Date(date.getYear(), date.getMonth() + 1, 1);
56 }
57 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
58 accounts[i]->settle(date);
59
60 }
61 break;
62
63 }
64
65 } while (cmd != 'e');
66 return 0;
67
68 }
View Code
改进：使用了运算符重载，更加直观，使用了虚函数，实现运行时多态，可以直接用循环来输出，方便快捷；用户的输入窗口比较简陋，可以改进一下，使其更加美观；还有一些信息不全面，银行系统还应有预约等操作
标签：const,string,double,c++,实验,date,include,cout From： https://www.cnblogs.com/jiangyuhui/p/18582323