实验2 类和对象_基础编程1

任务1： 

t.h

#pragma once
#include <string>

class T {
public:
  T(int x = 0, int y = 0);  
  T(const T &t);  
  T(T &&t);   
  ~T();     
  void adjust(int ratio);   
  void display() const;   
   
private:
  int m1, m2;

public:
  static int get_cnt();  
   
public:
  static const std::string doc;   
  static const int max_cnt;   
  
private:
  static int cnt;     
  friend void func();
};

void func();

t.cpp

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;

T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T constructor called.\n";
}

T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}

T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}  

T::~T() {
  --cnt;
  cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}     

void T::adjust(int ratio) {
  m1 *= ratio;
  m2 *= ratio;
}  

void T::display() const {
  cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}  

int T::get_cnt() {
 return cnt;
}

void func() {
  T t5(42);
  t5.m2 = 2049;
  cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}

task1.cpp

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void test();

int main() {
  test();
  cout << "\nmain: \n";
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
}

void test() {
  cout << "test class T: \n";
  cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
  cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
  T t1;
  cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
  T t2(3, 4);
  cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
  T t3(t2);
  t3.adjust(2);
  cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
  T t4(std::move(t2));
  cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
  func();
}

问题1：

问题2：

问题3：
任务2：

 Complex.h:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

class Complex {
public:
    static const std::string doc; 
    Complex(double real = 0.0, double imag = 0.0);
    Complex(const Complex& other);
    double get_real() const;
    double get_imag() const;
    void add(const Complex& other);
    friend Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
    friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
    friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
    friend void output(const Complex& c);
    friend double abs(const Complex& c);
private:
    double real; 
    double imag; 
};

Complex.cpp:

#include "Complex.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

const std::string Complex::doc = "a simplified complex class";

Complex::Complex(double real, double imag) : real(real), imag(imag) {}

Complex::Complex(const Complex& other) : real(other.real), imag(other.imag) {}

double Complex::get_real() const {
    return real;
}

double Complex::get_imag() const {
    return imag;
}

void Complex::add(const Complex& other) {
    real += other.real;
    imag += other.imag;
}

Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
    return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}

bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
    return (c1.real == c2.real) && (c1.imag == c2.imag);
}

bool is_not_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2) {
    return !is_equal(c1, c2);
}

void output(const Complex& c) {
    if(c.imag>=0){
        std::cout << c.real << "+" << c.imag << "i";
    }
    else{
        std::cout <<c.real << c.imag << "i";
    }
}

double abs(const Complex& c) {
    return std::sqrt(c.real * c.real + c.imag * c.imag);
}

main.cpp:

#include "Complex.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;

void output(const Complex& c);

void test() {
    cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
    cout << Complex::doc << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
    Complex c1;
    Complex c2(3, -4);
    const Complex c3(3.5);
    Complex c4(c3);
    cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
    cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
    cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
    cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
    cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() 
    << endl;
    cout << endl;
    cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
    cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
    c1.add(c2);
    cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
    cout << boolalpha;
    cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
    cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
    c4 = add(c2, c3);
    cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    test();
    return 0;
}

任务3：

#include <iostream>
#include <complex>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::boolalpha;
using std::complex;

void test() {
  cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
  complex<double> c1;
  complex<double> c2(3, -4);
  const complex<double> c3(3.5);
  complex<double> c4(c3);

  cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
  cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
  cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
  cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
  cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() <<
endl;
  cout << endl;

  cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
  cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
  c1 += c2;
  cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
  cout << boolalpha;
  cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
  cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
  c4 = c2 + c3;
  cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
  }

int main() {
  test();
｝

任务4：

Fraction.h

#include <iostream>
#include string

class Fraction{
    public:
        static const std::string doc;
    private:
        Fraction(int numerator = 0, int denominator = 1);
        int up;
        int down;
        void simplify();
    public:
        int get_up() const;
        int get_down() const;
        Fraction negative() const;
        
        friend output(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
        friend div(const Fraction &f2,const Fraction &f2);
};