Python 抽象类和抽象方法

Python 通过继承 abc 模块中的 ABC 来实现抽象类，通过 abc 模块的 abstractmethod 装饰抽象方法

示例

from enum import Enum
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod


class ShapeType(Enum):
    RECTANGLE = 1
    SQUARE = 2


class Shape(ABC):
    def __init__(self, t: ShapeType):
        self.type = t

    def get_area(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def __str__(self):
        return f"I'm a {self.type.name.lower()}, my area is {self.get_area()}"


class Rectangle(Shape):
    def __init__(self, width: int, height: int):
        super().__init__(ShapeType.RECTANGLE)
        self.width = width
        self.height = height

    def get_area(self):
        return self.width * self.height


class Square(Shape):
    def __init__(self, side_length: int):
        super().__init__(ShapeType.SQUARE)
        self.side_length = side_length

    def get_area(self):
        return self.side_length * self.side_length


def test_abstract_class():
    shapes = [Rectangle(2, 3), Square(5), Rectangle(3, 4)]
    for shape in shapes:
        print(f"{shape}")