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实验 6

时间：2024-12-18 15:31:11浏览次数：3  
标签：std const get Complex 实验 return include

1.实验任务一

Complex.hpp 

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>

// 声明
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 复数模板类声明
template<typename T>
class Complex {
public:
    Complex(T r = 0, T i = 0);
    Complex(const Complex<T> &c);

    T get_real() const;
    T get_imag() const;

    // 重载+=为成员函数
    Complex<T>& operator+=(const Complex<T> &c);

    // 重载<<、>>为友元函数
    template<typename T1>
    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Complex<T1> &c);

    template<typename T1>
    friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Complex<T1> &c);

private:
    T real, imag;
};

// 普通函数声明
// 重载+用于Complex类型
template<typename T>
Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2);

// 重载==用于Complex类型
template<typename T>
bool operator==(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2);


// 实现
////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// 成员函数模板实现
template<typename T>
Complex<T>::Complex(T r, T i): real{r}, imag{i} {
}

template<typename T>
Complex<T>::Complex(const Complex<T> &c): real{c.real}, imag{c.imag} {
}

template<typename T>
T Complex<T>::get_real() const {
    return real;
}

template<typename T>
T Complex<T>::get_imag() const {
    return imag;
}

// 重载+=为成员函数
template<typename T>
Complex<T>& Complex<T>::operator+=(const Complex<T> &c) {
    real += c.real;
    imag += c.imag;

    return *this;
}

///////////////////////////////////////
// 友元函数模板实现
template<typename T1>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &out, const Complex<T1> &c) {
    if(c.imag >= 0)
        out << c.real << " + " << c.imag << "i";
    else
        out << c.real << " - " << -c.imag << "i";
    
    return out;
}

template<typename T1>
std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &in, Complex<T1> &c) {
    in >> c.real >> c.imag;

    return in;
}

///////////////////////////////////////
// 普通函数模板实现
// 重载+用于Complex类型
template<typename T>
Complex<T> operator+(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2) {
    return Complex<T>(c1.get_real()+c2.get_real(), 
                      c1.get_imag()+c2.get_imag());
}

// 重载==用于Complex类型
template<typename T>
bool operator==(const Complex<T> &c1, const Complex<T> &c2) {
    return c1.get_real() == c2.get_real() && 
           c1.get_imag() && c2.get_imag();
}

task1.cpp

#include "Complex.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <stdexcept>

void test1();
void test2();

int main() {
    using namespace std;

    cout << "测试1: 复数模板类测试" << endl;
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: 文件I/O测试" << endl;
    test2();
}

void test1() {
    using namespace std;

    Complex<double> c1{3.5, 2}, c2;
    cout << "Enter c2: ";
    cin >> c2;
    cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    cout << "c1 == c2: " << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;

    cout << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
    c1 += c2;
    cout << "c1.real = " << c1.get_real() << endl;
    cout << "c1.imag = " << c1.get_imag() << endl;

    cout << "c1 == c2: " << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;
}

void test2() {
    using namespace std;

    Complex<int> c1{1, 2}, c2{9, -7};
    ofstream out("ans.txt");
    if(!out.is_open()) {
        cout << "fail to open file ans.txt to write\n";
        return;
    }

    out << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
    out << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
    out << "c1 + c2 = " << c1 + c2 << endl;
    out << "(c1 == c2) = " << boolalpha << (c1 == c2) << endl;

    out.close();
    cout << "测试ok!" << endl;
}

运行结果截图

ans.txt

2.实验任务二

Contestant.hpp

#pragma once

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::ostream;
using std::istream;
using std::setw;
using std::setprecision;
using std::setiosflags;
using std::ios_base;

// Contestant类声明
class Contestant {
public:
    Contestant() = default;
    ~Contestant() = default;

    int get_num() const { return num; }
    float get_time_usage() const { return time_usage; }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Contestant &c);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream &in, Contestant &c);

private:
    string no;          // 学号
    string name;        // 姓名
    string major;       // 专业
    int num;            // 解题数
    float time_usage;   // 总用时
};

// 友元函数实现
// 重载流插入运算符<<
ostream& operator<<(ostream &out, const Contestant &c) {
    out << setiosflags(ios_base::left);
    out << setw(15) << c.no
        << setw(15) << c.name
        << setw(15) << c.major
        << setw(5) << c.num
        << setprecision(2) << c.time_usage;
    
    return out;
}

// 重载流提取运算符>>
istream& operator>>(istream &in, Contestant &c) {
    in >> c.no >> c.name >> c.major >> c.num >> c.time_usage;

    return in;
}

utils.hpp

#include "Contestant.hpp"
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

// 排序函数
// 按解题数比较，解题数相同的情况下，按总用时比较，总用时越少，排名越靠前
bool compare_by_solutionInfo(const Contestant &c1, const Contestant &c2) {
    if(c1.get_num() > c2.get_num())
        return true;
    
    if(c1.get_num() == c2.get_num())
        return c1.get_time_usage() < c2.get_time_usage();
    
    return false;
}

// 把vector<Constestant>对象中的元素插入到输出流out
void output(std::ostream &out, const std::vector<Contestant> &v) {
    for(auto &i: v)
        out << i << std::endl;
}


// 把vector<Contestant>对象中的元素写到filename文件中
void save(const std::string &filename, std::vector<Contestant> &v) {
    using std::ofstream;

    ofstream out(filename);
    if(!out.is_open()) {
        std::cout << "fail to open file to write\n";
        return;
    }

    output(out, v);
    out.close();
}

// 从文件filename读取参赛选手信息到vector<Contestant>对象
void load(const std::string &filename, std::vector<Contestant> &v) {
    using std::ifstream;

    ifstream in(filename);
    if(!in.is_open()) {
        std::cout << "fail to open file to read\n";
        return;
    }

    std::string title_line;
    getline(in, title_line);     // 跳过标题行

    int first_column;
    Contestant t;
    while(in >> first_column >> t) 
        v.push_back(t);

    in.close();
}

task2.cpp

#include "Contestant.hpp"
#include "utils.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>


void test() {
    using namespace std;

    vector<Contestant> v;

    load("data2.txt", v);   // 从文件加载选手信息到对象v
    sort(v.begin(), v.end(), compare_by_solutionInfo);  // 按解题情况排序
    output(cout, v);    // 输出对象v中信息到屏幕
    save("ans.txt", v); // 把对象v中选手信息保存到文件
}

int main() {
    test();
}

data2.txt

序号    学号        姓名        专业        解题数（道）    总用时（小时）
1    204942005    Jeny        未来专业1        5        5        
2    204942302    Alex           未来专业2        8        4
3    204942059    Bob        未来专业2        8        5                 
4    204942111    Hellen        未来专业3        7        3.5     
5    204942017    chappie        未来专业4        4        4.5     
6    204942075    Shaw        未来专业5        8        4.5        
7    204942076    Thomas        未来专业6        3        3.5      
8    204942078    Jennie        未来专业7        5        5          
9    204942079    Tibby        未来专业7        7        3.5        
10    204942080    Vermont        未来专业8        7        4

运行结果截图

3.实验任务三

Triangle.hpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

class Triangle {
public:
    Triangle(double s1, double s2, double s3);
    ~Triangle() = default;

    double area() const;

private:
    double a, b, c;
};

Triangle::Triangle(double s1, double s2, double s3) : a{ s1 }, b{ s2 }, c{ s3 } {
    if (a <= 0 || b <= 0 || c <= 0)
        throw invalid_argument("边长出现负值");

    if (a + b <= c || b + c <= a || a + c <= b)
        throw invalid_argument("不满足任意两边之和大于第三边");
}

double Triangle::area() const {
    double s = (a + b + c) / 2;
    return sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));
}

task3.cpp

#include "Triangle.hpp"
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

void test() {
    using namespace std;

    cout << "从文件读入三角形三边边长，计算面积" << endl;

    ifstream in("data3.txt");
    if (!in.is_open()) {
        cout << "fail to open file to read\n";
        return;
    }

    double a, b, c;
    do {
        cout << "三角形边长: ";
        in >> a >> b >> c;
        cout << a << " " << b << " " << c << endl;

        try {
            Triangle t(a, b, c);
            cout << "三角形面积: " << t.area() << endl << endl;
        }
        catch (const exception& e) {
            cout << "error: " << e.what() << endl << endl;
        }

        if (in.peek() == EOF)
            break;
    } while (1);

    in.close();
}

int main() {
    test();
}

data3.txt

3 4 5
2 2 2
1 1 7
4 5 4
-1 2 1
9 3 7

运行结果截图

4.实验任务四

Vector.hpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdexcept> // For std::out_of_range
using namespace std;

template<typename T>
class Vector {
public:
    Vector(int size, T n = T()) : num(size), x(new T[num]) {
        if (size < 0) {
            throw std::out_of_range("negative size");
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            x[i] = n;
        }
    }
    Vector(const Vector<T>& v) : num(v.num), x(new T[num]) {
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            x[i] = v.x[i];
        }
    }
    Vector<T>& operator=(const Vector<T>& v) {
        num = v.num;
        x = new T[num];
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
            x[i] = v.x[i];
        }
        return *this;
    }

    ~Vector() {
        delete[] x;
    }
    int get_size() const {
        return num;
    }
    T& at(int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= num) {
            throw std::out_of_range("Vector:index out of range");
        }
        return x[index];
    }
    const T& at(int index) const {
        if (index < 0 || index >= num) {
            throw std::out_of_range("Vector:index out of range");
        }
        return x[index];
    }
    T& operator[](int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= num) {
            throw std::out_of_range("Vector:index out of range");
        }
        return x[index];
    }
    const T& operator[](int index) const {
        if (index < 0 || index >= num) {
            throw std::out_of_range("Vector:index out of range");
        }
        return x[index];
    }

    T* begin() { return x; }
    T* end() { return x + num; }

    const T* begin() const { return x; }
    const T* end() const { return x + num; }

    template<typename T>
    friend void output(const Vector<T>& vec);

private:
    int num;
    T* x;
};

template<typename T>
void output(const Vector<T>& vec) {
    bool first = true;
    for (const auto& i : vec) {
        if (!first) {
            cout << ", ";
        }
        cout << i;
        first = false;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

task4.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Vector.hpp"

void test1() {
    using namespace std;

    int n;
    cout << "Enter n: ";
    cin >> n;

    Vector<double> x1(n);
    for (auto i = 0; i < n; ++i)
        x1.at(i) = i * 0.7;

    cout << "x1: "; output(x1);

    Vector<int> x2(n, 42);
    const Vector<int> x3(x2);

    cout << "x2: "; output(x2);
    cout << "x3: "; output(x3);

    x2.at(0) = 77;
    x2.at(1) = 777;
    cout << "x2: "; output(x2);
    cout << "x3: "; output(x3);
}

void test2() {
    using namespace std;

    int n, index;
    while (cout << "Enter n and index: ", cin >> n >> index) {
        try {
            Vector<int> v(n, n);
            v.at(index) = -999;
            cout << "v: "; output(v);
        }
        catch (const exception& e) {
            cout << e.what() << endl;
        }
    }
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: 模板类接口测试\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: 模板类异常处理测试\n";
    test2();
}

运行结果截图

5.实验任务五

Student.hpp

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
using std::string;
using std::ostream;
using std::istream;
using std::setw;
using std::setprecision;
using std::setiosflags;
using std::ios_base;
using std::vector;

class Student {
private:
    string number;
    string name;
    string major;
    int score;
public:
    Student() = default;
    Student(const string& num, const string& name, const string& major, int score)
        : number(num), name(name), major(major), score(score) {}
    ~Student() = default;

    int get_score() const { return score; }
    const string& get_major() const { return major; } 

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Student& s);
    friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Student& s);
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, const Student& s) {
    out << setiosflags(ios_base::left);
    out << setw(15) << s.number
        << setw(15) << s.name
        << setw(15) << s.major
        << setw(5) << s.score;
    return out;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& in, Student& s) {
    in >> s.number >> s.name >> s.major >> s.score;
    return in;
}

utils.hpp

#include"Student.hpp"
#include<fstream>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>

bool compare_by_major(const Student& s1, const Student& s2) {
    if (s1.get_major() < s2.get_major()) {
        return true;
    }
    if (s1.get_major() == s2.get_major()) {
        return s1.get_score()> s2.get_score();
        return false;
    }
}

void output(ostream& out, const vector<Student>& students) {
    for (const auto& s : students) {
        out << s << std::endl;
    }
}

void save(const string& filename, const vector<Student>& students) {
    std::ofstream out(filename);
    if (!out.is_open()) {
        std::cout << "fail to open file to write\n";
        return;
    }
    output(out, students);
    out.close();
}

void load(const string& filename, vector<Student>& students) {
    std::ifstream in(filename);
    if (!in.is_open()) {
        std::cout << "fail to open file to read\n";
        return;
    }
    string line;
    // Read and ignore the header line
    std::getline(in, line);

    Student s;
    while (in >> s) {
        students.push_back(s);
    }
    in.close();
}

task5.cpp

#include"utils.hpp"
#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<algorithm>

void test() {
    vector<Student> students;
    load("data5.txt", students);
    std::sort(students.begin(), students.end(), compare_by_major);
    output(std::cout, students);
    save("rank.txt", students);
}

int main() {
    test();
    return 0;
}

运行结果截图

实验总结：

写文件：

创建一个ofstream对象，使用ofstream对象的open()函数打开文件，使用插入运算符<<将数据写入文件,最后关闭文件

读文件：

创建一个ifstream对象，使用ifstream对象的open()函数打开文件，使用>>或getline()函数读取数据，最后关闭文件

标签：std,const,get,Complex,实验,return,include
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/hjr2705232/p/18613689

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