Unity类银河战士恶魔城学习总结（P175 Enemy Slime史莱姆）

标签：Enemy stateMachine enemy P175 史莱姆 base override using public

【Unity教程】从0编程制作类银河恶魔城游戏_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

教程源地址：https://www.udemy.com/course/2d-rpg-alexdev/

本章节制作了新的敌人史莱姆

可爱的小史莱姆

史莱姆的状态机

Enemy_Slime.cs

功能概述

Enemy_Slime 是一个针对史莱姆敌人的控制脚本，用于管理史莱姆的各个状态行为，例如空闲、移动、攻击、眩晕和死亡状态。通过使用状态机设计模式，它实现了模块化、扩展性良好的敌人行为控制。

主要特点

模块化设计：
- 各个行为逻辑被封装在单独的状态类中，每个状态负责特定功能。
- 通过状态机轻松切换状态，简化了复杂行为逻辑的管理。
状态机集成：
- 状态切换通过 stateMachine.ChangeState() 实现，避免了大量的条件判断。
动画集成：
- 每个状态都绑定了对应的动画名称，支持动画与逻辑的同步。
可扩展性：
- 新增行为只需定义新的状态类并在 Awake() 中初始化即可，代码具有良好的可维护性。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Xml;
using UnityEngine;


//2024.11.9
public class Enemy_Slime : Enemy
{

    #region States

    public SlimeIdleState idleState { get; private set; }
    public SlimeMoveState moveState { get; private set; }
    public SlimeBattleState battleState { get; private set; }
    public SlimeAttackState attackState { get; private set; }
    public SlimeStunState stunnedState { get; private set; }
    public SlimeDeathState deadState { get; private set; }

    #endregion


    protected override void Awake()
    {
        base.Awake();

        SetupDefaultFacingDir(-1);

        idleState = new SlimeIdleState(this, stateMachine, "Idle", this);
        moveState = new SlimeMoveState(this, stateMachine, "Move", this);
        battleState = new SlimeBattleState(this, stateMachine, "Move", this);
        attackState = new SlimeAttackState(this, stateMachine, "Attack", this);
        stunnedState = new SlimeStunState(this, stateMachine, "Stunned", this);
        deadState = new SlimeDeathState(this, stateMachine, "Idle", this);
    }




    protected override void Start()
    {
        base.Start();

        stateMachine.Initialize(idleState);
    }



    public override bool CanBeStunned()
    {
        if (base.CanBeStunned())
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(stunnedState);
            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }


    public override void Die()
    {
        base.Die();

        stateMachine.ChangeState(deadState);
    }

}

SlimeGroundedState.cs

用途

用于史莱姆 AI，在地面状态下判断是否接近玩家并进入战斗模式。
提高状态切换的清晰性和管理效率。

Update 方法：

每帧检查是否满足切换到战斗状态的条件：
- 条件 1：通过 enemy.IsPlayerDetected() 判断玩家是否被检测到。
- 条件 2：检测敌人与玩家的距离是否小于 2.5。
满足条件则切换到 enemy.battleState。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

//2024.12.9
public class SlimeGroundedState : EnemyState
{
    protected Enemy_Slime enemy;
    protected Transform player;

    public SlimeGroundedState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName,Enemy_Slime _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        enemy = _enemy;
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        player = PlayerManager.instance.player.transform;//p63 3:43改
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected() || Vector2.Distance(enemy.transform.position, player.transform.position) < 2.5)
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.battleState);
        }
    }
}

SlimeIdleState.cs

特点

实现了史莱姆的短暂空闲逻辑，表现为“静止一段时间后开始移动”。
基于状态机设计，切换逻辑清晰简洁，便于扩展。

用途

用于实现史莱姆的空闲状态，作为移动或攻击状态的过渡环节。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//2024.12.9

public class SlimeIdleState : SlimeGroundedState
{
    public SlimeIdleState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Slime _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName, _enemy)
    {

    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        stateTimer = enemy.idleTime;
    }


    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();

    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (stateTimer < 0)
        {
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.moveState);
        }
    }
}

SlimeMoveState.cs

Update 方法：

设置史莱姆的水平速度：
- 按当前朝向移动，速度为 moveSpeed。
环境检测：
- 检测到墙壁或前方无地面时：
  - 调用 enemy.Flip() 反转方向。
  - 切换到 idleState，在反转后稍作停顿（通过 stateTimer = 0.2f）。

特点

实现了史莱姆的基础移动行为。
具备简单的环境适应能力（如遇墙或无地面时自动调整）。

用途

处理史莱姆的自主移动，作为巡逻或与玩家互动的基础行为逻辑。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//2024.12.9

public class SlimeMoveState : SlimeGroundedState
{
    public SlimeMoveState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Slime _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName, _enemy)
    {
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }
    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        enemy.SetVelocity(enemy.moveSpeed * enemy.facingDir, enemy.rb.velocity.y);

        if (enemy.IsWallDetected() || !enemy.IsGroundDetected())//撞墙或者没有路反转
        {
            enemy.Flip();
            stateTimer = 0.2f;
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.idleState);
        }
    }
}

SlimeAttackState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//2024.12.9

public class SlimeAttackState : EnemyState
{
    protected Enemy_Slime enemy;


    public SlimeAttackState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Slime _enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = _enemy;
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();

        enemy.lastTimeAttack = Time.time;
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        enemy.SetZeroVelocity();//p57攻击敌人时被设置为0速度，所以不会被击退

        if (triggerCalled)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.battleState);
    }
}

SlimeBattleState.cs

特点

玩家交互：
检测玩家状态、位置，并根据条件切换攻击或退出战斗。
战斗策略：
包括追逐、攻击、切换状态，体现了战斗的基本 AI 行为。
动态调整：
冷却时间随机化（minAttackCoolDown 和 maxAttackCoolDown）
状态机集成：
清晰地实现了战斗状态与其他状态（如攻击、空闲、移动）的切换。

用途

用于实现史莱姆与玩家交战的行为逻辑。
为玩家提供挑战性，适合在近战型敌人 AI 中使用。

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//2024.12.9

public class SlimeBattleState : EnemyState
{
    private Enemy_Slime enemy;
    private Transform player;
    private int moveDir;


    public SlimeBattleState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Slime enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = enemy;
    }


    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        //player = GameObject.Find("Player").transform;
        player = PlayerManager.instance.player.transform;

        if (player.GetComponent<PlayerStats>().isDead)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.moveState);

    }


    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();



        if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected())
        {
            stateTimer = enemy.battleTime;

            if (enemy.IsPlayerDetected().distance < enemy.attackDistance)
            {
                if (CanAttack())
                    stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.attackState);
            }
        }
        else
        {
            if (stateTimer < 0 || Vector2.Distance(player.transform.position, enemy.transform.position) > 10)//超过距离或者时间到了
                stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.idleState);
        }



        if (player.position.x > enemy.transform.position.x)
            moveDir = 1;
        else if (player.position.x < enemy.transform.position.x)
            moveDir = -1;


        if (Vector2.Distance(player.transform.position, enemy.transform.position) > 1)
            enemy.SetVelocity(enemy.moveSpeed * moveDir, rb.velocity.y);
        else
            enemy.SetZeroVelocity();

    }


    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();
    }

    private bool CanAttack()
    {
        if (Time.time >= enemy.lastTimeAttack + enemy.attackCoolDown)
        {
            enemy.attackCoolDown = Random.Range(enemy.minAttackCoolDown, enemy.maxAttackCoolDown);
            enemy.lastTimeAttack = Time.time;
            return true;
        }
        else
            return false;
    }
}

SlimeStunState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

//2024.12.9
public class SlimeStunState : EnemyState
{
    private Enemy_Slime enemy;

    public SlimeStunState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Slime enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = enemy;
    }

    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        enemy.fx.InvokeRepeating("RedColorBlink", 0, .1f); 

        stateTimer = enemy.stunDuration;

        rb.velocity = new Vector2(-enemy.facingDir * enemy.stunDirection.x, enemy.stunDirection.y);
    }

    public override void Exit()
    {
        base.Exit();

        enemy.fx.Invoke("CancelColorChange", 0);
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (stateTimer < 0)
            stateMachine.ChangeState(enemy.idleState);

    }
}

SlimeDeathState.cs

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;
//2024.12.9

public class SlimeDeathState : EnemyState
{

    private Enemy_Slime enemy;
    public SlimeDeathState(Enemy _enemyBase, EnemyStateMachine _stateMachine, string _animBoolName, Enemy_Slime enemy) : base(_enemyBase, _stateMachine, _animBoolName)
    {
        this.enemy = enemy;
    }


    public override void Enter()
    {
        base.Enter();

        enemy.anim.SetBool(enemy.lastAnimBoolName, true);
        enemy.anim.speed = 0;
        enemy.cd.enabled = false;

        stateTimer = .18f;
    }

    public override void Update()
    {
        base.Update();

        if (stateTimer > 0)
            rb.velocity = new Vector2(0, 10);
    }
}

标签：Enemy,stateMachine,enemy,P175,史莱姆,base,override,using,public
From： https://blog.csdn.net/suzh1qian/article/details/144357471