本文旨在深入探讨华为鸿蒙HarmonyOS Next系统(截止目前API12)的技术细节,基于实际开发实践进行总结。主要作为技术分享与交流载体,难免错漏,欢迎各位同仁提出宝贵意见和问题,以便共同进步。本文为原创内容,任何形式的转载必须注明出处及原作者。
在企业数字化转型的浪潮中,大量设备接入企业网络,保障设备的合法性和安全性成为了至关重要的任务。基于华为鸿蒙HarmonyOS Next系统,利用Device Certificate Kit,我们可以构建一套强大的企业级设备认证解决方案,实现多层级的身份验证,有效保护企业网络和数据安全。
一、场景描述
企业内部通常拥有各种各样的设备,如办公电脑、服务器、物联网设备(如传感器、智能终端等),这些设备需要接入企业网络以实现数据共享、业务协作等功能。然而,企业面临着诸多安全挑战,例如:
- 设备身份真实性问题
- 防止外部非法设备伪装成企业内部设备接入网络,窃取企业敏感信息或进行恶意攻击。
- 确保新接入设备的身份可信任,避免因未知设备接入带来安全隐患。
- 权限管理复杂性
- 不同部门、不同岗位的员工使用的设备可能需要不同的访问权限。例如,财务部门的设备可能需要访问财务系统和敏感财务数据,而普通员工的办公设备可能只需要访问日常办公应用和共享文件。
- 对于一些特殊设备(如临时接入的访客设备或合作伙伴设备),需要严格限制其访问权限,防止其越权访问企业资源。
- 数据安全保障
- 在设备之间传输的数据,特别是涉及企业核心业务和敏感信息的数据,必须保证其机密性、完整性和可用性。
- 防止数据在传输过程中被窃取、篡改或泄露,确保数据在整个流转过程中的安全。
二、架构设计
为了满足企业级设备认证的需求,我们设计了一个多层级的设备认证系统,以Device Certificate Kit为核心,结合其他相关技术和组件,构建了一个全面的安全架构。
- Device Certificate Kit
- 作为设备身份管理的基础,负责生成、管理和验证设备证书。为每个企业设备生成唯一的证书,证书中包含设备的关键信息(如设备型号、序列号、所属部门等)和公钥。
- 通过与证书颁发机构(CA)的交互,确保证书的合法性和有效性。设备证书链的验证机制能够追溯到根证书,确保设备身份的可信任性。
- 权限管理模块
- 与企业的组织结构和业务需求相结合,定义不同的权限层级和角色。例如,管理员、普通员工、访客等不同角色对应不同的设备访问权限。
- 根据设备证书中的信息(如所属部门、设备类型等)和用户身份,动态分配设备的访问权限,实现精细化的权限控制。
- 数据安全组件
- 利用加密技术(如Crypto Architecture Kit提供的加密算法)对设备之间传输的数据进行加密,确保数据在传输过程中的机密性。
- 通过消息摘要算法和数字签名技术,保证数据的完整性,防止数据被篡改。同时,对重要数据的存储也进行加密保护,防止数据泄露。
三、实现步骤
- 设计设备注册流程,生成设备证书并通过CA机构签发
- 设备注册申请:企业设备在首次接入企业网络前,需要进行注册申请。设备向企业的设备管理系统发送注册请求,请求中包含设备的基本信息(如设备型号、序列号、设备所属部门等)。示例代码如下(假设通过HTTP请求发送注册信息):
import http from '@ohos.net.http';
let deviceInfo = {
model: 'ABC123',
serialNumber: '123456789',
department: 'IT'
};
function registerDevice(deviceInfo: any) {
let httpRequest = http.createHttp();
httpRequest.request(
'https://your-company-device-registration-url',
{
method: http.RequestMethod.POST,
connectTimeout: 5000,
readTimeout: 5000,
data: JSON.stringify(deviceInfo)
},
(err, data) => {
if (!err) {
console.log('Device registration request succeeded:', data.result);
} else {
console.error('Device registration request failed:', err.message);
}
}
);
}
registerDevice(deviceInfo);
- 证书生成与签发:企业设备管理系统收到注册请求后,验证设备信息的合法性。如果信息合法,使用Device Certificate Kit为设备生成公私钥对,并向企业内部的CA机构申请证书。CA机构根据设备信息和企业的安全策略,为设备签发证书。示例代码如下(假设基于Universal Keystore Kit生成公私钥对):
import { huks } from '@kit.UniversalKeystoreKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
let deviceId = 'device_001';
let keyAlias = 'device_key';
function GetGenerateProperties() {
let properties: Array<huks.HuksParam> = new Array();
let index = 0;
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_ALGORITHM,
value: huks.HuksKeyAlg.HUKS_ALG_ECC
};
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_KEY_SIZE,
value: huks.HuksKeySize.HUKS_AES_KEY_SIZE_256
};
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_PURPOSE,
value: huks.HuksKeyPurpose.HUKS_KEY_PURPOSE_SIGN |
huks.HuksKeyPurpose.HUKS_KEY_PURPOSE_VERIFY
};
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_DIGEST,
value: huks.HuksKeyDigest.HUKS_DIGEST_SHA256
}
return properties;
}
async function GenerateKey(keyAlias: string) {
let genProperties = GetGenerateProperties();
let options: huks.HuksOptions = {
properties: genProperties
}
await huks.generateKeyItem(keyAlias, options)
.then(() => {
console.info(`promise: generate Key success.`);
}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
console.error(`promise: generate Key failed, error: ` + err.message);
})
}
GenerateKey(keyAlias);
// 假设这里有向CA申请证书并获取证书的逻辑(实际应用中可能涉及与CA服务器的通信)
let deviceCert = applyForCertificate(deviceId, getPublicKeyFromKeyAlias(keyAlias));
- 证书安装与配置:设备收到CA机构签发的证书后,将证书安装到设备的安全存储区域(如通过Universal Keystore Kit),并配置相关的证书使用参数。同时,设备将自己的证书信息(如证书序列号等)上报给企业设备管理系统,以便后续管理和验证。
- 在不同权限层级上进行设备认证,确保企业设备的访问权限安全
- 设备接入认证:当设备尝试接入企业网络时,首先向企业网络的接入点(如企业网关或身份认证服务器)发送接入请求,请求中包含设备证书。接入点收到请求后,使用Device Certificate Kit验证设备证书的有效性和真实性。示例代码如下:
import { cert } from '@kit.DeviceCertificateKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { util } from '@kit.ArkTS';
// 假设这是设备证书数据(实际应用中需从设备获取)
let deviceCertData = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n' +
'MIIBHTCBwwICA+gwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIwGjEYMBYGA1UEAwwPRXhhbXBsZSBSb\n' +
'290IENBMB4XDTIzMDkwNTAyNDgyMloXDTI2MDUzMTAyNDgyMlowGjEYMBYGA1\n' +
'UEAwwPRXhhbXBsZSBSb290IENBMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE\n' +
'HjG74yMIueO7z3T+dyuEIrhxTg2fqgeNB3SGfsIXlsiUfLTatUsU0i/sePnrKglj\n' +
'2H8Abbx9PK0tsW/VgqwDIDAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNJADBGAiEApVZno/Z7WyDc/mu\n' +
'RN1y57uaYMjrgnvp/AMdE8qmFiDwCIQCrIYdHVO1awaPgcdALZY+uLQi6mEs/oMJ\n' +
'LUcmaag3EQw==\n' +
'-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n';
let textEncoder = new util.TextEncoder();
let encodingBlob: cert.EncodingBlob = {
data: textEncoder.encodeInto(deviceCertData),
encodingFormat: cert.EncodingFormat.FORMAT_PEM
};
let x509Cert: cert.X509Cert = {} as cert.X509Cert;
try {
x509Cert = await cert.createX509Cert(encodingBlob);
} catch (err) {
let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
console.error(`createX509Cert failed, errCode:${err.code}, errMsg:${err.message}`);
}
// 证书链校验数据(假设,实际需根据真实情况配置)
const param: cert.CertChainValidationParameters = {
date: '20231212080000Z',
trustAnchors: [{
CAPubKey: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70,
0x03, 0x21, 0x00, 0xbb, 0x16, 0x9d, 0x8f, 0x5c, 0x30, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x8f, 0x37, 0x6e,
0x33, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0x23, 0x71, 0x23, 0xa5, 0x49, 0x60, 0x1e, 0xd1, 0x07, 0x4b, 0xc9,
0x11, 0x7e, 0x66, 0x01, 0xba, 0x92, 0x52]),
CASubject: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x31, 0x10, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
0x08, 0x13, 0x07, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x19, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d,
0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x07, 0x13, 0x06, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0b, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31])
}]
};
try {
const validationRes = await x509Cert.validate(param);
if (validationRes) {
console.log('X509CertChain validate success');
} else {
console.log('X509CertChain validate failed');
}
} catch (err) {
console.error('X509CertChain validate failed with error:', err);
}
- 权限分配与验证:接入点验证设备证书通过后,根据设备证书中的信息(如所属部门、设备类型等)和企业预先定义的权限策略,为设备分配相应的访问权限。例如,如果设备属于财务部门,且证书中标记为财务专用设备,那么它可能被授予访问财务系统和相关敏感数据的权限。同时,在设备后续的通信过程中,每次访问资源时,都需要再次验证其权限是否足够。例如,当设备尝试访问某个受限资源时,资源服务器会检查设备的权限列表,确保其具有相应的访问权限。
- 针对重要数据流转进行证书链校验,阻止非法设备接入
- 数据传输前校验:在设备之间进行重要数据传输时,发送方设备首先获取接收方设备的证书链。然后,使用Device Certificate Kit对接收方的证书链进行校验,确保接收方设备的身份合法且可信。示例代码如下(假设发送方设备已经获取了接收方设备的证书链数据):
import { cert } from '@kit.DeviceCertificateKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { util } from '@kit.ArkTS';
// 假设这是接收方设备证书链数据(实际应用中需从接收方获取)
let receiverCertChainData = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIID6jCCAtKgAwIBAgIIIM2q/TmRoLcwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwWjELMAkGA1\n" +
"UEBhMCRU4xEDAOBgNVBAgTB0VuZ2xhbmQxDzANBgNVBAcTBkxvbmRvbjEMMA\n" +
"oGA1UEChMDdHMyMQwwCgYDVQQLEwN0czIxDDAKBgNVBAMTA3RzMjAeFw0yMzEy\n" +
"MDUwNzM5MDBaFw0yNDEwMzEyMzU5MDBaMGExCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNOMRAwDgYDVQQI\n" +
"EwdKaWFuZ3N1MRAwDgYDVQQHEwdOYW5qaW5nMQwwCgYDVQQKEwN0czMxDDAKBg\n" +
"NVBAsTA3RzMzESMBAGA1UEAxMJMTI3LjAuMC4xMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8A\n" +
"MIIBCgKCAQEAtt+2QxUevbolYLp51QGcUpageI4fwGLIqv4fj4aoVnHFOOBqVOVpfCLR\n" +
"p26LFV/F8ebwPyo8YEBKSwXzMD1573rMSbaH9BalscH5lZYAbetXoio6YRvzlcmc\n" +
"rVvLBNMeVnxY86xHpo0MTNyP7W024rZsxWO98xFQVdoiaBC+7+midlisx2Y+7u0\n" +
"zT9GjeUP6JLdLFUZJKUPSTK3jVzw9v1eZQZKYoNfU6vFMd6ndtwW6qEnwpzmmX\n" +
"/UT+p5ThAMH593zszlz330nTSXBjIsGkyvOz9gSB0Z0LAuJj06XUNhGL5xKJYKbdI3\n" +
"8MFQFJKvRHfgTAvVsvAvpBUM2DuBKwIDAQABo4GsMIGpMAkGA1UdEwQCMAA\n" +
"wHQYDVR0OBBYEFDfsHTMZwoA6eaDFlBUyDpka+sYtMAsGA1UdDwQEAwID+DAnBgN\n" +
"VHSUEIDAeBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIGCCsGAQUFBwMEMBQGA1UdEQQNM\n" +
"AuCCTEyNy4wLjAuMTARBglghkgBhvhCAQEEBAMCBkAwHgYJYIZIAYb4QgENBBEWD3hj\n" +
"YSBjZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAp5vTvXrt8ZpgRJVtzv9ss0lJ\n" +
"izp1fJf+ft5cDXrs7TSD5oHrSW2vk/ZieIMhexU4LFwhs4OE7jK6pgI48Dseqxx7\n" +
"B/KktxhVMJUmVXd9Ayjp6f+BtZlIk0cArPuoXToXjsV8caTGBXHRdzxpAk/w9syc\n" +
"GYrbH9TrdNMuTizOb+k268oKXUageZNxHmd7YvOXkcNgrd29jzwXKDYYiUa1DI\n" +
"SzDnYaJOgPt0B/5izhoWNK7GhJDy9KEuLURcTSWFysbbnljwO9INPT9MmlS83PdAg\n" +
"NiS8VXF4pce1W9U5jH7d7k0JDVSXybebe1iPFphsZpYM/NE+jap+mPy1nTCbf9g==\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIIC0zCCAoWgAwIBAgIIXpLoPpQVWnkwBQYDK2VwMFoxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkV\n" +
"OMRAwDgYDVQQIEwdFbmdsYW5kMQ8wDQYDVQQHEwZMb25kb24xDDAKBgNVBAoT\n" +
"A3RzMTEMMAoGA1UECxMDdHMxMQwwCgYDVQQDEwN0czEwHhcNMjMxMjA1MDczNzA\n" +
"wWhcNMjQwOTAxMjM1OTAwWjBaMQswCQYDVQQGEwJFTjEQMA4GA1UECBMHRW5nbGFu\n" +
"ZDEPMA0GA1UEBxMGTG9uZG9uMQwwCgYDVQQKEwN0czIxDDAKBgNVBAsTA3RzMjEMM\n" +
"AoGA1UEAxMDdHMyMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8A\n" +
"MIIBCgKCAQEAtt+2QxUevbolYLp51QGcUpageI4fwGLIqv4fj4aoVnHFOOBqVOVpfCLRp26LFV/F8ebwPyo8YEBK\n" +
"SwXzMD1573rMSbaH9BalscH5lZYAbetXoio6YRvzlcmcrVvLBNMeVnxY86xHpo0\n" +
"MNTyP7W024rZsxWO98xFQVdoiaBC+7+midlisx2Y+7u0jzT9GjeUP6JLdLFUZJKUP\n" +
"STK3jVzw9v1eZQZKYoNfU6vFMd6ndtwW6qEnwpzmmX/UT+p5ThAMH593zszlz\n" +
"330nTSXBjIsGkyvOz9gSB0Z0LAuJj06XUNhGL5xKJYKbdI38MFQFJKvRHfgTAvVsvAv\n" +
"pBUM2DuBKwIDAQABo28wbTAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBQ3\n" +
"7B0zGcKAOnmgxZQVMg6ZGvrGLTALBgNVHQ8EBAMCAQYwEQYJYIZIAYb4QgEBBAQDAg\n" +
"AHMB4GCGCGSAGG+EIBDQQRFg94Y2EgY2VydGlmaWNhdGUwBQYDK2VwA0EAuasLBe\n" +
"55YgvFb4wmHeohylc9r8cFGS1LNQ5UcSn3cGqMYf6ehnef16NLuCW6upHCs8Sui4iAMvs\n" +
"uKPWR9dKBA==\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
let textEncoder = new util.TextEncoder();
let encodingBlob: cert.EncodingBlob = {
data: textEncoder.encodeInto(receiverCertChainData),
encodingFormat: cert.EncodingFormat.FORMAT_PEM
};
let x509CertChain: cert.X509CertChain = {} as cert.X509CertChain;
try {
x509CertChain = await cert.createX509CertChain(encodingBlob);
} catch (err) {
let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
console.error(`createX509CertChain failed, errCode: ${e.code}, errMsg: ${e.message}`);
}
// 证书链校验数据(假设,实际需根据真实情况配置)
const param: cert.CertChainValidationParameters = {
date: '20231212080000Z',
trustAnchors: [{
CAPubKey: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70,
0x03, 0x21, 0x00, 0xbb, 0x16, 0x9d, 0x8f, 0x5c, 0x30, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x8f, 0x37, 0x6e,
0x33, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0x23, 0x71, 0x23, 0xa5, 0x49, 0x60, 0x1e, 0xd1, 0x07, 0x4b, 0xc9,
0x11, 0x7e, 0x66, 0x01, 0xba, 0x92, 0x52]),
CASubject: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x31, 0x10, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
0x08, 0x13, 0x07, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d,
0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x07, 0x13, 0x06, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0b, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31])
}]
};
try {
const validationRes = await x509CertChain.validate(param);
if (validationRes) {
console.log('Receiver X509CertChain validate success');
} else {
console.log('Receiver X509CertChain validate failed');
}
} catch (err) {
console.error('Receiver X509CertChain validate failed with error:', err);
}
- 数据传输加密与完整性保护:如果接收方设备证书链校验通过,发送方设备使用接收方设备证书中的公钥对数据进行加密,并计算数据的消息摘要(如使用SHA - 256算法)。然后,将加密数据和消息摘要一起发送给接收方设备。接收方设备收到数据后,使用自己的私钥解密数据,并重新计算消息摘要,与发送方提供的消息摘要进行比对。如果两者一致,说明数据在传输过程中未被篡改,且数据来源可靠。示例代码如下(以发送方加密数据为例):
import { cryptoFramework } from '@kit.CryptoArchitectureKit';
import { util } from '@kit.ArkTS';
// 假设这是要传输的数据
let dataToSend = '{"sensitiveData":"confidential information"}';
// 获取接收方设备证书中的公钥(假设已经完成证书链校验并获取到公钥)
let receiverPublicKey = receiverCertChain.getCertList()[0].getPublicKey();
// 使用公钥加密数据
async function encryptDataForReceiver(key: Uint8Array, data: string) {
let dataToEncrypt = new Uint8Array(textEncoder.encodeInto(data).data);
let encryptedData = await cryptoFramework.encrypt({
key: key,
data: dataToEncrypt
});
console.log('Encrypted data for receiver:', encryptedData.data);
return encryptedData;
}
let encryptedData = await encryptDataForReceiver(receiverPublicKey, dataToSend);
// 计算数据的消息摘要
function computeDataDigest(data: Uint8Array) {
return cryptoFramework.computeDigest({
algorithm: 'SHA256',
data: data
});
}
let dataDigest = computeDataDigest(dataToEncrypt);
// 发送加密数据和消息摘要(这里只是示例,实际通信方式需根据具体情况实现)
sendDataAndDigest(encryptedData, dataDigest);
**四、技术亮点
- 设备层级管理和权限控制的设计
- 设备层级分类:通过设备证书中包含的信息(如设备类型、所属部门等),将企业设备划分为不同层级。例如,核心业务服务器处于最高层级,拥有最高权限;普通办公电脑处于中间层级,权限相对受限;而访客设备或临时接入设备处于最低层级,权限最为严格受限。这种层级分类有助于根据设备的重要性和使用场景,有针对性地管理和保护企业资源。
- 动态权限分配:基于设备层级和用户身份,实现动态权限分配。当员工使用设备登录企业系统时,系统根据设备证书信息和用户的角色(如管理员、普通员工等),为设备实时分配相应的访问权限。例如,管理员在使用特定设备登录时,可能被授予对系统管理功能的访问权限;而普通员工在同一设备上登录时,只能访问其工作所需的应用和数据。这种动态权限分配机制能够灵活适应企业内部复杂的组织结构和业务需求,有效防止越权访问。
- 权限继承与隔离:设备权限具有继承性,例如,某部门的设备默认继承该部门的基本权限,但同时也可以根据具体设备的特殊需求进行单独设置。同时,不同层级和部门的设备权限相互隔离,确保即使某个设备或部门的权限被突破,也不会影响到其他设备和部门的安全。例如,研发部门的设备无法访问财务部门的敏感数据,即使研发设备被入侵,财务数据依然安全。
- 如何利用设备证书实现多层级的企业安全管理
- 证书链信任传递:设备证书基于证书链的信任体系,从设备证书逐级追溯到企业内部根证书。通过验证证书链的完整性和有效性,确保设备身份的可信任性。例如,当设备接入企业网络时,验证其证书链是否完整、证书是否由企业信任的CA机构签发等,从而建立起设备与企业安全体系之间的信任关系。这种信任传递机制能够有效防止非法设备通过伪造证书接入企业网络。
- 证书信息与安全策略关联:设备证书中包含的丰富信息(如设备型号、序列号、所属部门等)与企业预先制定的安全策略紧密关联。例如,企业可以根据设备型号确定其是否支持特定的安全功能,根据所属部门分配不同的网络访问权限等。通过将证书信息与安全策略相结合,实现了对企业设备的精细化管理,提高了安全管理的效率和准确性。
- 证书吊销与更新管理:对于丢失、被盗或存在安全隐患的设备,企业可以及时吊销其设备证书,使其无法再接入企业网络。同时,企业可以定期更新设备证书,以适应新的安全需求或更换密钥等。例如,当企业发现某个设备证书的加密算法存在安全漏洞时,可以及时更新证书,确保设备通信的安全性。通过有效的证书吊销与更新管理机制,企业能够及时应对安全威胁,保障企业网络和数据的安全。
五、示例代码
- 设备注册核心代码(补充完整流程)
- 设备信息收集与发送(上述已部分展示,补充完整错误处理和设备信息验证):
import http from '@ohos.net.http';
let deviceInfo = {
model: 'ABC123',
serialNumber: '123456789',
department: 'IT'
};
function registerDevice(deviceInfo: any) {
// 验证设备信息的合法性,例如检查设备型号是否符合企业标准、序列号是否唯一等
if (!isValidDeviceInfo(deviceInfo)) {
console.error('Invalid device information.');
return;
}
let httpRequest = http.createHttp();
httpRequest.request(
'https://your-company-device-registration-url',
{
method: http.RequestMethod.POST,
connectTimeout: 5000,
readTimeout: 5000,
data: JSON.stringify(deviceInfo)
},
(err, data) => {
if (!err) {
console.log('Device registration request succeeded:', data.result);
} else {
console.error('Device registration request failed:', err.message);
}
}
);
}
function isValidDeviceInfo(deviceInfo: any): boolean {
// 这里可以添加具体的设备信息验证逻辑,例如检查设备型号是否在企业允许的列表中
if (deviceInfo.model && deviceInfo.serialNumber && deviceInfo.department) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
registerDevice(deviceInfo);
- 证书生成与获取(补充完整CA申请证书逻辑和错误处理):
import { huks } from '@kit.UniversalKeystoreKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
let deviceId = 'device_001';
let keyAlias = 'device_key';
function GetGenerateProperties() {
let properties: Array<huks.HuksParam> = new Array();
let index = 0;
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_ALGORITHM,
value: huks.HuksKeyAlg.HUKS_ALG_ECC
};
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_KEY_SIZE,
value: huks.HuksKeySize.HUKS_AES_KEY_SIZE_256
};
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_PURPOSE,
value: huks.HuksKeyPurpose.HUKS_KEY_PURPOSE_SIGN |
huks.HuksKeyPurpose.HUKS_KEY_PURPOSE_VERIFY
};
properties[index++] = {
tag: huks.HuksTag.HUKS_TAG_DIGEST,
value: huks.HuksKeyDigest.HUKS_DIGEST_SHA256
}
return properties;
}
async function GenerateKey(keyAlias: string) {
let genProperties = GetGenerateProperties();
let options: huks.HuksOptions = {
properties: genProperties
}
try {
await huks.generateKeyItem(keyAlias, options)
.then(() => {
console.info(`promise: generate Key success.`);
}).catch((err: BusinessError) => {
console.error(`promise: generate Key failed, error: ` + err.message);
})
} catch (err) {
let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
console.error(`GenerateKey failed, error: ` + err.message);
}
}
GenerateKey(keyAlias);
async function getPublicKey() {
let options: huks.HuksOptions = {
properties: []
}
try {
let key = await huks.getKeyItem(keyAlias, options);
return key.publicKey;
} catch (err) {
let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
console.error(`getPublicKey failed, error: ` + err.message);
}
}
let publicKey = await getPublicKey();
// 假设这里有向CA申请证书并获取证书的函数,实际应用中需要与CA服务器进行通信
async function applyForCertificate(deviceId: string, publicKey: Uint8Array) {
try {
// 这里可以添加与CA服务器通信的逻辑,发送设备信息和公钥,获取证书
let certificate = await sendToCA(deviceId, publicKey);
return certificate;
} catch (error) {
console.error('Failed to apply for certificate:', error);
}
}
let deviceCert = await applyForCertificate(deviceId, publicKey);
- 证书链校验核心代码(完整流程及优化)
- 设备端获取并发送证书链(假设设备已经生成并存储了证书链,这里是获取并发送的代码):
import { cert } from '@kit.DeviceCertificateKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { util } from '@kit.ArkTS';
// 假设这是设备证书链数据(实际应用中需从设备安全存储中获取)
let deviceCertChainData = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIID6jCCAtKgAwIBAgIIIM2q/TmRoLcwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAwWjELMAkGA1\n" +
"UEBhMCRU4xEDAOBgNVBAgTB0VuZ2xhbmQxDzANBgNVBAcTBkxvbmRvbjEMMA\n" +
"oGA1UEChMDdHMyMQwwCgYDVQQLEwN0czIxDDAKBgNVBAMTA3RzMjAeFw0yMzEy\n" +
"MDUwNzM5MDBaFw0yNDEwMzEyMzU5MDBaMGExCzAJBgNVBAYTAkNOMRAwDgYDVQQI\n" +
"EwdKaWFuZ3N1MRAwDgYDVQQHEwdOYW5qaW5nMQwwCgYDVQQKEwN0czMxDDAKBg\n" +
"NVBAsTA3RzMzESMBAGA1UEAxMJMTI3LjAuMC4xMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8A\n" +
"MIIBCgKCAQEAtt+2QxUevbolYLp51QGcUpageI4fwGLIqv4fj4aoVnHFOOBqVOVpfCLR\n" +
"p26LFV/F8ebwPyo8YEBKSwXzMD1573rMSbaH9BalscH5lZYAbetXoio6YRvzlcmc\n" +
"rVvLBNMeVnxY86xHpo0MTNyP7W024rZsxWO98xFQVdoiaBC+7+midlisx2Y+7u0\n" +
"zT9GjeUP6JLdLFUZJKUPSTK3jVzw9v1eZQZKYoNfU6vFMd6ndtwW6qEnwpzmmX\n" +
"/UT+p5ThAMH593zszlz330nTSXBjIsGkyvOz9gSB0Z0LAuJj06XUNhGL5xKJYKbdI3\n" +
"8MFQFJKvRHfgTAvVsvAvpBUM2DuBKwIDAQABo4GsMIGpMAkGA1UdEwQCMAA\n" +
"wHQYDVR0OBBYEFDfsHTMZwoA6eaDFlBUyDpka+sYtMAsGA1UdDwQEAwID+DAnBgN\n" +
"VHSUEIDAeBggrBgEFBQcDAQYIKwYBBQUHAwIGCCsGAQUFBwMEMBQGA1UdEQQNM\n" +
"AuCCTEyNy4wLjAuMTARBglghkgBhvhCAQEEBAMCBkAwHgYJYIZIAYb4QgENBBEWD3hj\n" +
"YSBjZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFAAOCAQEAp5vTvXrt8ZpgRJVtzv9ss0lJ\n" +
"izp1fJf+ft5cDXrs7TSD5oHrSW2vk/ZieIMhexU4LFwhs4OE7jK6pgI48Dseqxx7\n" +
"B/KktxhVMJUmVXd9Ayjp6f+BtZlIk0cArPuoXToXjsV8caTGBXHRdzxpAk/w9syc\n" +
"GYrbH9TrdNMuTizOb+k268oKXUageZNxHmd7YvOXkcNgrd29jzwXKDYYiUa1DI\n" +
"SzDnYaJOgPt0B/5izhoWNK7GhJDy9KEuLURcTSWFysbbnljwO9INPT9MmlS83PdAg\n" +
"NiS8VXF4pce1W9U5jH7d7k0JDVSXybebe1iPFphsZpYM/NE+jap+mPy1nTCbf9g==\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
"MIIC0zCCAoWgAwIBAgIIXpLoPpQVWnkwBQYDK2VwMFoxCzAJBgNVBAYTAkV\n" +
"OMRAwDgYDVQQIEwdFbmdsYW5kMQ8wDQYDVQQHEwZMb25kb24xDDAKBgNVBAoT\n" +
"A3RzMTEMMAoGA1UECxMDdHMxMQwwCgYDVQQDEwN0czEwHhcNMjMxMjA1MDczNzA\n" +
"wWhcNMjQwOTAxMjM1OTAwWjBaMQswCQYDVQQGEwJFTjEQMA4GA1UECBMHRW5nbGFu\n" +
"ZDEPMA0GA1UEBxMGTG9uZG9uMQwwCgYDVQQKEwN0czIxDDAKBgNVBAsTA3RzMjEMM\n" +
"AoGA1UEAxMDdHMyMIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8A\n" +
"MIIBCgKCAQEAtt+2QxUevbolYLp51QGcUpageI4fwGLIqv4fj4aoVnHFOOBqVOVpfCLRp26LFV/F8ebwPyo8YEBK\n" +
"SwXzMD1573rMSbaH9BalscH5lZYAbetXoio6YRvzlcmcrVvLBNMeVnxY86xHpo0\n" +
"MNTyP7W024rZsxWO98xFQVdoiaBC+7+midlisx2Y+7u0jzT9GjeUP6JLdLFUZJKUP\n" +
"STK3jVzw9v1eZQZKYoNfU6vFMd6ndtwW6qEnwpzmmX/UT+p5ThAMH593zszlz\n" +
"330nTSXBjIsGkyvOz9gSB0Z0LAuJj06XUNhGL5xKJYKbdI38MFQFJKvRHfgTAvVsvAv\n" +
"pBUM2DuBKwIDAQABo28wbTAMBgNVHRMEBTADAQH/MB0GA1UdDgQWBBQ3\n" +
"7B0zGcKAOnmgxZQVMg6ZGvrGLTALBgNVHQ8EBAMCAQYwEQYJYIZIAYb4QgEBBAQDAg\n" +
"AHMB4GCGCGSAGG+EIBDQQRFg94Y2EgY2VydGlmaWNhdGUwBQYDK2VwA0EAuasLBe\n" +
"55YgvFb4wmHeohylc9r8cFGS1LNQ5UcSn3cGqMYf6ehnef16NLuCW6upHCs8Sui4iAMvs\n" +
"uKPWR9dKBA==\n" +
"-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n";
let textEncoder = new util.TextEncoder();
let encodingBlob: cert.EncodingBlob = {
data: textEncoder.encodeInto(deviceCertChainData),
encodingFormat: cert.EncodingFormat.FORMAT_PEM
};
let x509CertChain: cert.X509CertChain = {} as cert.X509CertChain;
try {
x509CertChain = await cert.createX509CertChain(encodingBlob);
} catch (err) {
let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
console.error(`createX509CertChain failed, errCode: ${e.code}, errMsg: ${e.message}`);
}
// 发送证书链到接入点或服务器(这里只是示例,实际通信方式需根据具体情况实现)
sendCertChainToServer(x509CertChain);
- 接入点或服务器端证书链校验(上述已部分展示,优化错误处理和校验逻辑):
import { cert } from '@kit.DeviceCertificateKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
// 接收到设备发送的证书链后进行验证
async function verifyDeviceCertChain(certChain: cert.X509CertChain) {
// 证书链校验数据(假设,实际需根据真实情况配置)
const param: cert.CertChainValidationParameters = {
date: '20231212080000Z',
trustAnchors: [{
CAPubKey: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70,
0x03, 0x21, 0x00, 0xbb, 0x16, 0x9d, 0x8f, 0x5c, 0x30, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x8f, 0x37, 0x6e,
0x33, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0x23, 0x71, 0x23, 0xa5, 0x49, 0x60, 0x1e, 0xd1, 0x07, 0x4b, 0xc9,
0x11, 0x7e, 0x66, 0x01, 0xba, 0x92, 0x52]),
CASubject: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x31, 0x10, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
0x08, 0x13, 0x07, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d,
0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x07, 0x13, 0x06, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0b, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31])
}]
};
try {
const validationRes = await certChain.validate(param);
if (validationRes) {
console.log('X509CertChain validate success');
return true;
} else {
console.log('X509CertChain validate failed');
return false;
}
} catch (err) {
console.error('X509CertChain validate failed with error:', err);
return false;
}
}
- 权限认证核心代码(完整流程及权限管理逻辑)
- 设备接入时权限认证(结合设备证书校验和权限分配):
import { cert } from '@kit.DeviceCertificateKit';
import { BusinessError } from '@kit.BasicServicesKit';
import { util } from '@kit.ArkTS';
// 假设这是设备证书数据(实际应用中需从设备获取)
let deviceCertData = '-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n' +
'MIIBHTCBwwICA+gwCgYIKoZIzj0EAwIwGjEYMBYGA1UEAwwPRXhhbXBsZSBSb\n' +
'290IENBMB4XDTIzMDkwNTAyNDgyMloXDTI2MDUzMTAyNDgyMlowGjEYMBYGA1\n' +
'UEAwwPRXhhbXBsZSBSb290IENBMFkwEwYHKoZIzj0CAQYIKoZIzj0DAQcDQgAE\n' +
'HjG74yMIueO7z3T+dyuEIrhxTg2fqgeNB3SGfsIXlsiUfLTatUsU0i/sePnrKglj\n' +
'2H8Abbx9PK0tsW/VgqwDIDAKBggqhkjOPQQDAgNJADBGAiEApVZno/Z7WyDc/mu\n' +
'RN1y57uaYMjrgnvp/AMdE8qmFiDwCIQCrIYdHVO1awaPgcdALZY+uLQi6mEs/oMJ\n' +
'LUcmaag3EQw==\n' +
'-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n';
let textEncoder = new util.TextEncoder();
let encodingBlob: cert.EncodingBlob = {
data: textEncoder.encodeInto(deviceCertData),
encodingFormat: cert.EncodingFormat.FORMAT_PEM
};
let x509Cert: cert.X509Cert = {} as cert.X509Cert;
try {
x509Cert = await cert.createX509Cert(encodingBlob);
} catch (err) {
let e: BusinessError = err as BusinessError;
console.error(`createX509Cert failed, errCode:${err.code}, errMsg:${err.message}`);
}
// 证书链校验数据(假设,实际需根据真实情况配置)
const param: cert.CertChainValidationParameters = {
date: '20231212080000Z',
trustAnchors: [{
CAPubKey: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x2a, 0x30, 0x05, 0x06, 0x03, 0x2b, 0x65, 0x70,
0x03, 0x21, 0x00, 0xbb, 0x16, 0x9d, 0x8f, 0x5c, 0x30, 0xd0, 0xba, 0x8f, 0x37, 0x6e,
0x33, 0xaf, 0x6f, 0x23, 0x71, 0x23, 0xa5, 0x49, 0x60, 0x1e, 0xd1, 0x07, 0x4b, 0xc9,
0x11, 0x7e, 0x66, 0x01, 0xba, 0x92, 0x52]),
CASubject: new Uint8Array([0x30, 0x5a, 0x31, 0x0b, 0x30, 0x09, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55,
0x04, 0x06, 0x13, 0x02, 0x45, 0x4e, 0x31, 0x10, 0x30, 0x0e, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04,
0x08, 0x13, 0x07, 0x45, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x6c, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x31, 0x0f, 0x30, 0x0d,
0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x07, 0x13, 0x06, 0x4c, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0a, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x0b, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31, 0x31,
0x0c, 0x06, 0x03, 0x55, 0x04, 0x03, 0x13, 0x03, 0x74, 0x73, 0x31])
}]
};
try {
const validationRes = await x509Cert.validate(param);
if (validationRes) {
console.log('X509CertChain validate success');
// 根据证书中的信息获取设备所属部门和设备类型等(假设证书中包含这些信息)
let department = getDepartmentFromCert(x509Cert);
let deviceType = getDeviceTypeFromCert(x509Cert);
// 根据部门和设备类型分配权限
let permissions = assignPermissions(department, deviceType);
console.log('Assigned permissions:', permissions);
} else {
console.log('X509CertChain validate failed');
}
} catch (err) {
console.error('X509CertChain validate failed with error:', err);
}
function getDepartmentFromCert(cert: cert.X509Cert): string {
// 假设从证书的扩展字段中获取部门信息,这里只是示例,实际获取方式需根据证书结构定义
let department = cert.getExtensionValue('department');
return department;
}
function getDeviceTypeFromCert(cert: cert.X509Cert): string {
// 假设从证书的扩展字段中获取设备类型信息,这里只是示例,实际获取方式需根据证书结构定义
let deviceType = cert.getExtensionValue('deviceType');
return deviceType;
}
function assignPermissions(department: string, deviceType: string): string[] {
// 根据企业的权限策略,为设备分配权限,这里只是简单示例,实际策略可能更复杂
let permissions = [];
if (department === 'finance') {
if (deviceType === 'server') {
permissions = ['access_finance_system', 'read_write_data'];
} else {
permissions = ['access_finance_app', 'read_data'];
}
} else if (department === 'it') {
permissions = ['manage_network', 'install_software'];
} else {
permissions = ['access_common_apps'];
}
return permissions;
}
- 资源访问时权限验证(在设备访问资源时进行权限检查):
function checkPermission(requiredPermissions: string[], devicePermissions: string[]) {
for (let i = 0; i < requiredPermissions.length; i++) {
if (!devicePermissions.includes(requiredPermissions[i])) {
console.log('Permission denied.');
return false;
}
}
console.log('Permission granted.');
return true;
}
// 假设设备请求访问财务系统,需要特定权限
let requiredPermissionsForFinanceSystem = ['access_finance_system'];
let devicePermissions = ['access_finance_app', 'read_data'];
checkPermission(requiredPermissionsForFinanceSystem, devicePermissions);
通过以上基于HarmonyOS Next的企业级设备认证解决方案,我们能够为企业提供一个全面、多层级的设备身份验证和安全管理体系。在实际应用中,企业可以根据自身的业务需求和安全策略,进一步定制和优化该解决方案,确保企业网络和数据的安全。希望这篇文章能为企业级应用开发者同仁和安全管理人员提供有价值的参考,共同提升企业信息化建设中的安全水平。如果在实现过程中遇到问题,不要气馁,仔细分析,参考相关文档和示例代码,相信你一定能够找到解决方案。加油!
标签:0x03,err,证书,身份验证,Kit,cert,let,企业级,设备 From: https://blog.csdn.net/same4869/article/details/143701404