1 #pragma once
2
3 #include <string>
4
5 // 类T: 声明
6 class T {
7 // 对象属性、方法
8 public:
9 T(int x = 0, int y = 0); // 普通构造函数
10 T(const T &t); // 复制构造函数
11 T(T &&t); // 移动构造函数
12 ~T(); // 析构函数
13
14 void adjust(int ratio); // 按系数成倍调整数据
15 void display() const; // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
16
17 private:
18 int m1, m2;
19
20 // 类属性、方法
21 public:
22 static int get_cnt(); // 显示当前T类对象总数
23
24 public:
25 static const std::string doc; // 类T的描述信息
26 static const int max_cnt; // 类T对象上限
27
28 private:
29 static int cnt; // 当前T类对象数目
30
31 // 类T友元函数声明
32 friend void func();
33 };
34
35 // 普通函数声明
36 void func();
37
38
39 // 类T: 实现
40 // 普通函数实现
41
42 #include "t.h"
43 #include <iostream>
44 #include <string>
45
46 using std::cout;
47 using std::endl;
48 using std::string;
49
50 // static成员数据类外初始化
51 const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
52 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
53 int T::cnt = 0;
54
55
56 // 对象方法
57 T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
58 ++cnt;
59 cout << "T constructor called.\n";
60 }
61
62 T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
63 ++cnt;
64 cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
65 }
66
67 T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
68 ++cnt;
69 cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
70 }
71
72 T::~T() {
73 --cnt;
74 cout << "T destructor called.\n";
75 }
76
77 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
78 m1 *= ratio;
79 m2 *= ratio;
80 }
81
82 void T::display() const {
83 cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
84 }
85
86 // 类方法
87 int T::get_cnt() {
88 return cnt;
89 }
90
91 // 友元
92 void func() {
93 T t5(42);
94 t5.m2 = 2049;
95 cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
96 }
97
98
99 #include "t.h"
100 #include <iostream>
101
102 using std::cout;
103 using std::endl;
104
105 void test();
106
107 int main() {
108 test();
109 cout << "\nmain: \n";
110 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
111 }
112
113 void test() {
114 cout << "test class T: \n";
115 cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
116 cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
117 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
118
119
120 T t1;
121 cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
122
123 T t2(3, 4);
124 cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
125
126 T t3(t2);
127 t3.adjust(2);
128 cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
129
130 T t4(std::move(t2));
131 cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
132
133 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
134
135 func();
136 }
task1
问题1：不能运行。
函数定义时没有指明所属类。
问题2：（1）普通构造函数：初始化对象的成员变量，在创建对象时为对象设置初始状态。（2）复制构造函数：用一个已有对象初始化新对象，在对象被复制时调用。（3）移动构造函数：将一个临时对象的资源移动到新对象中，在创建对象时调用。（4）析构函数：在对象生命周期结束时被调用，清理无用资源。
问题3：不能。
1 #ifndef COMPLEX_H
2 #define COMPLEX_H
3
4 #include <iostream>
5 #include <cmath>
6
7 class Complex {
8 private:
9 double real;
10 double imag;
11
12 public:
13
14 Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0);
15
16 double get_real() const;
17 double get_imag() const;
18 void set_real(double r);
19 void set_imag(double i);
20
21 void add(const Complex& other);
22
23
24 double abs() const;
25
26
27 bool is_equal(const Complex& other) const;
28 bool is_not_equal(const Complex& other) const;
29
30
31 void output() const;
32 };
33
34 #endif
35
36
37
38 #include "Complex.h"
39 Complex::Complex(double r, double i) : real(r), imag(i) {}
40
41 double Complex::get_real() const {
42 return real;
43 }
44
45 double Complex::get_imag() const {
46 return imag;
47 }
48
49 void Complex::set_real(double r) {
50 real = r;
51 }
52
53 void Complex::set_imag(double i) {
54 imag = i;
55 }
56
57 void Complex::add(const Complex& other) {
58 real += other.real;
59 imag += other.imag;
60 }
61
62 double Complex::abs() const {
63 return std::sqrt(real * real + imag * imag);
64 }
65
66 bool Complex::is_equal(const Complex& other) const {
67 return (real == other.real) && (imag == other.imag);
68 }
69
70 bool Complex::is_not_equal(const Complex& other) const {
71 return !is_equal(other);
72 }
73
74 void Complex::output() const {
75 if (imag >= 0)
76 std::cout << real << " + " << imag << "i";
77 else
78 std::cout << real << " - " << -imag << "i";
79 }
80
81
82 double Complex::abs() const {
83 return std::sqrt(real * real + imag * imag);
84 }
85
86 bool Complex::is_equal(const Complex& other) const {
87 return (real == other.real) && (imag == other.imag);
88 }
89
90 void Complex::output() const {
91 if (imag >= 0)
92 std::cout << real << " + " << imag << "i";
93 else
94 std::cout << real << " - " << -imag << "i";
95 }
96
97
98
99 #include"Complex.h"
100 #include <iostream>
101 using std::cout;
102 using std::endl;
103 using std::boolalpha;
104 void test() {
105 cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
106 cout << Complex::doc << endl;
107 cout << endl;
108 cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
109 Complex c1;
110 Complex c2(3, -4);
111 const Complex c3(3.5);
112 Complex c4(c3);
113
114 cout << "c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
115 cout << "c2 = "; output(c2); cout << endl;
116 cout << "c3 = "; output(c3); cout << endl;
117 cout << "c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
118 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag()
119 << endl;
120 cout << endl;
121 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
122 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
123 c1.add(c2);
124 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = "; output(c1); cout << endl;
125 cout << boolalpha;
126 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
127 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
128 c4 = add(c2, c3);
129 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = "; output(c4); cout << endl;
130 }
131 int main() {
132 test();
133 }
task2
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3 using std::cout;
4 using std::endl;
5 using std::boolalpha;
6 using std::complex;
7 void test() {
8 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
9 complex<double> c1;
10 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
11 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
12 complex<double> c4(c3);
13 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
14 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
15 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
16 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
17 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() <<
18 endl;
19 cout << endl;
20 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
21 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
22 c1 += c2;
23 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
24 cout << boolalpha;
25 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
26 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
27 c4 = c2 + c3;
28 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
29 }
30 int main() {
31 test();
32 }
task3
1 #include<iostream>
2 using namespace std;
3 class Fraction {
4 public:
5 Fraction(int fz=0, int fm = 1);
6 Fraction(const Fraction& f);
7 int get_up()const;
8 int get_down()const;
9 Fraction negative() const;
10 friend void output(const Fraction &f);
11 friend Fraction add(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
12 friend Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
13 friend Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
14 friend Fraction div(const Fraction& f1,const Fraction& f2);
15 static string doc();
16 private:
17 int up;
18 int down;
19 };
20 void output(const Fraction& f);
21 Fraction add(const Fraction& f1,const Fraction& f2);
22 Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1,const Fraction& f2);
23 Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1,const Fraction& f2);
24 Fraction div(const Fraction& f1,const Fraction& f2);
25
26
27
28
29
30 #include"Fraction.h"
31 int gcd(int x, int y) {
32 if (x == 0 || y == 0) {
33 return x ? y == 0 : y;
34 }
35 if (x%y == 0)
36 return y;
37 else
38 return gcd(y, x % y);
39 }
40 Fraction::Fraction(int fz,int fm):up(fz),down(fm){
41 int flag = 0;
42 if (up * down < 0) {
43 flag = 1;
44 }
45 fz = abs(up);
46 fm = abs(down);
47 int t = gcd(fz, fm);
48 fz /= t;
49 fm /= t;
50 if (flag == 1) {
51 up = fz * -1;
52 down = fm;
53 }
54 else {
55 up = fz;
56 down = fm;
57 }
58
59
60
61 #include "Fraction.h"
62 void test1() {
63 cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
64 cout << Fraction::doc() << endl << endl;
65 Fraction f1(5);
66 Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
67 Fraction f4(f3);
68 cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
69 cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
70 cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
71 cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;
72 Fraction f5(f4.negative());
73 cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
74 cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " <<
75 f5.get_down() << endl;
76 cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
77 cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
78 cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
79 cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
80 cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
81
82 }
83 void test2() {
84 Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
85 cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
86 cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
87 cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
88 }
89 int main() {
90 cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
91 test1();
92 cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
93 test2();
94 }
task4
标签：std,const,int,void,Complex,实验,Fraction From： https://www.cnblogs.com/syxlyw/p/18494451