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实验4 类的组合、继承、模板类、标准库

时间：2024-11-24 18:44:15浏览次数：7  
标签：std const 组合 继承 void int date include 模板

实验1

task1.cpp

task1_1.cpp:
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

// 类A的定义
class A {
public:
    A(int x0, int y0);
    void display() const;

private:
    int x, y;
};

A::A(int x0, int y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}

void A::display() const {
    cout << x << ", " << y << endl;
}

// 类B的定义
class B {
public:
    B(double x0, double y0);
    void display() const;

private:
    double x, y;
};

B::B(double x0, double y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}

void B::display() const {
    cout << x << ", " << y << endl;
}

void test() {
    cout << "测试类A: " << endl;
    A a(3, 4);
    a.display();

    cout << "\n测试类B: " << endl;
    B b(3.2, 5.6);
    b.display();
}

int main() {
    test();
}

task1_2.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;

// 定义类模板
template<typename T>
class X{
public:
    X(T x0, T y0);
    void display();

private:
    T x, y;
};

template<typename T>
X<T>::X(T x0, T y0): x{x0}, y{y0} {
}

template<typename T>
void X<T>::display() {
    cout << x << ", " << y << endl;
}


void test() {
    cout << "测试1: 类模板X中的抽象类型T用int实例化" << endl;
    X<int> x1(3, 4);
    x1.display();
    
    cout << endl;

    cout << "测试2: 类模板X中的抽象类型T用double实例化" << endl;
    X<double> x2(3.2, 5.6);
    x2.display();

    cout << endl;

    cout << "测试3: 类模板X中的抽象类型T用string实例化" << endl;
    X<string> x3("hello", "oop");
    x3.display();
}

int main() {
    test();
}

task1_3.cpp:
#include <complex>
#include <vector>
#include <array>

int main() {
    using namespace std;
    
    complex<double> x1(5,3);        // complex类模板，特化到double类型
    vector<int> x2{1, 9, 8, 4};        // vector类模板，特化到int类型
    array<int, 4> x3{1,9, 8, 4};    // array类模板，特化到int类型
    // 其它略
}
View Code

 

 

实验2

task2.cpp

GradeCalc.hpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class GradeCalc: public vector<int> {
public:
    GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size);      
    void input();                             // 录入成绩
    void output() const;                      // 输出成绩
    void sort(bool ascending = false);        // 排序 (默认降序)
    int min() const;                          // 返回最低分
    int max() const;                          // 返回最高分
    float average() const;                    // 返回平均分
    void info();                              // 输出课程成绩信息 

private:
    void compute();     // 成绩统计

private:
    string course_name;     // 课程名
    int n;                  // 课程人数
    vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0);      // 保存各分数段人数（[0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100]
    vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 
};

GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {}   

void GradeCalc::input() {
    int grade;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> grade;
        this->push_back(grade);
    } 
}  

void GradeCalc::output() const {
    for(auto ptr = this->begin(); ptr != this->end(); ++ptr)
        cout << *ptr << " ";
    cout << endl;
} 

void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) {
    if(ascending)
        std::sort(this->begin(), this->end());
    else
        std::sort(this->begin(), this->end(), std::greater<int>());
}  

int GradeCalc::min() const {
    return *std::min_element(this->begin(), this->end());
}  

int GradeCalc::max() const {
    return *std::max_element(this->begin(), this->end());
}    

float GradeCalc::average() const {
    return std::accumulate(this->begin(), this->end(), 0) * 1.0 / n;
}   

void GradeCalc::compute() {
    for(int grade: *this) {
        if(grade < 60)
            counts.at(0)++;
        else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
            counts.at(1)++;
        else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
            counts.at(2)++;
        else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
            counts.at(3)++;
        else if(grade >= 90)
            counts.at(4)++;
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i)
        rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) * 1.0 / n;
}

void GradeCalc::info()  {
    cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl;
    cout << "排序后成绩: \t";
    sort();  output();
    cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl;
    cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl;
    cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl;
    
    compute();  // 统计各分数段人数、比例

    vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60)  ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"};
    for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i)
        cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 
             << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 
} 

demo2.cpp:
#include "GradeCalc.hpp"
#include <iomanip>

void test() {
    int n;
    cout << "输入班级人数: ";
    cin >> n;

    GradeCalc c1("OOP", n);

    cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;;
    c1.input();
    cout << "输出成绩: " << endl;
    c1.output();

    cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息"  + string(20, '*') << endl;
    c1.info();
}

int main() {
    test();
}
View Code

问题1：成绩存储在vector<int>中;用this指针、begin和end;用push_back接口。

问题2：计算平均值;有影响,规定精度。

问题3：可以增加成绩分析功能。

实验3

task3.cpp

GradeCalc.hpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <iomanip>

using std::vector;
using std::string;
using std::cin;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class GradeCalc {
public:
    GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size);      
    void input();                             // 录入成绩
    void output() const;                      // 输出成绩
    void sort(bool ascending = false);        // 排序 (默认降序)
    int min() const;                          // 返回最低分
    int max() const;                          // 返回最高分
    float average() const;                    // 返回平均分
    void info();                              // 输出课程成绩信息 

private:
    void compute();     // 成绩统计

private:
    string course_name;     // 课程名
    int n;                  // 课程人数
    vector<int> grades;     // 课程成绩
    vector<int> counts = vector<int>(5, 0);      // 保存各分数段人数（[0, 60), [60, 70), [70, 80), [80, 90), [90, 100]
    vector<double> rates = vector<double>(5, 0); // 保存各分数段比例 
};

GradeCalc::GradeCalc(const string &cname, int size): course_name{cname}, n{size} {}   

void GradeCalc::input() {
    int grade;

    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        cin >> grade;
        grades.push_back(grade);
    } 
}  

void GradeCalc::output() const {
    for(int grade: grades)
        cout << grade << " ";
    cout << endl;
} 

void GradeCalc::sort(bool ascending) {
    if(ascending)
        std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end());
    else
        std::sort(grades.begin(), grades.end(), std::greater<int>());
        
}  

int GradeCalc::min() const {
    return *std::min_element(grades.begin(), grades.end());
}  

int GradeCalc::max() const {
    return *std::max_element(grades.begin(), grades.end());
}    

float GradeCalc::average() const {
    return std::accumulate(grades.begin(), grades.end(), 0) * 1.0 / n;
}   

void GradeCalc::compute() {
    for(int grade: grades) {
        if(grade < 60)
            counts.at(0)++;
        else if(grade >= 60 && grade < 70)
            counts.at(1)++;
        else if(grade >= 70 && grade < 80)
            counts.at(2)++;
        else if(grade >= 80 && grade < 90)
            counts.at(3)++;
        else if(grade >= 90)
            counts.at(4)++;
    }

    for(int i = 0; i < rates.size(); ++i)
        rates.at(i) = counts.at(i) *1.0 / n;
}

void GradeCalc::info()  {
    cout << "课程名称:\t" << course_name << endl;
    cout << "排序后成绩: \t";
    sort();  output();
    cout << "最高分:\t" << max() << endl;
    cout << "最低分:\t" << min() << endl;
    cout << "平均分:\t" << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << average() << endl;
    
    compute();  // 统计各分数段人数、比例

    vector<string> tmp{"[0, 60)  ", "[60, 70)", "[70, 80)","[80, 90)", "[90, 100]"};
    for(int i = tmp.size()-1; i >= 0; --i)
        cout << tmp[i] << "\t: " << counts[i] << "人\t" 
             << std::fixed << std::setprecision(2) << rates[i]*100 << "%" << endl; 
} 

demo3.cpp:
#include "GradeCalc.hpp"
#include <iomanip>

void test() {
    int n;
    cout << "输入班级人数: ";
    cin >> n;

    GradeCalc c1("OOP", n);

    cout << "录入成绩: " << endl;;
    c1.input();
    cout << "输出成绩: " << endl;
    c1.output();

    cout << string(20, '*') + "课程成绩信息"  + string(20, '*') << endl;
    c1.info();
}

int main() {
    test();
}
View Code

问题1：储存在vector<int>grades中；output遍历了grades，其他则使用std库中的对应函数;实验二使用了继承的方法，函数继承自vector。

问题2：直接继承可能会导致接口暴露。

实验4

task4.cpp

task4_1.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void test1() {
    string s1, s2;
    cin >> s1 >> s2;  // cin: 从输入流读取字符串, 碰到空白符(空格/回车/Tab)即结束
    cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
}

void test2() {
    string s1, s2;
    getline(cin, s1);  // getline(): 从输入流中提取字符串，直到遇到换行符
    getline(cin, s2);
    cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
}

void test3() {
    string s1, s2;
    getline(cin, s1, ' '); //从输入流中提取字符串，直到遇到指定分隔符
    getline(cin, s2);
    cout << "s1: " << s1 << endl;
    cout << "s2: " << s2 << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: 使用标准输入流对象cin输入字符串" << endl;
    test1();
    cout << endl;

    cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');

    cout << "测试2: 使用函数getline()输入字符串" << endl;
    test2();
    cout << endl;

    cout << "测试3: 使用函数getline()输入字符串, 指定字符串分隔符" << endl;
    test3();
}

task4_2.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void output(const vector<string> &v) {
    for(auto &s: v)
        cout << s << endl;
}

void test() {
    int n;
    while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) {
        vector<string> v1;

        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            string s;
            cin >> s;
            v1.push_back(s);
        }

        cout << "output v1: " << endl;
        output(v1); 
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试: 使用cin多组输入字符串" << endl;
    test();
}

task4_3.cpp:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <limits>

using namespace std;

void output(const vector<string> &v) {
    for(auto &s: v)
        cout << s << endl;
}

void test() {
    int n;
    while(cout << "Enter n: ", cin >> n) {
        cin.ignore(numeric_limits<streamsize>::max(), '\n');

        vector<string> v2;

        for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            string s;
            getline(cin, s);
            v2.push_back(s);
        }
        cout << "output v2: " << endl;
        output(v2); 
        cout << endl;
    }
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试: 使用函数getline()多组输入字符串" << endl;
    test();
}
View Code

 问题1：

分析：作用是清除输入缓冲区的所有内容，直到遇到回车符为止。

问题2：

分析：作用是清除输入缓冲区的所有内容，直到遇到回车符为止。

 

实验5

task5.cpp

grm.hpp:
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template<typename T>
class GameResourceManager {
public:
    GameResourceManager(T g);
    T get();
    void update(int n);
private:
    T resource;
};
template<typename T>
GameResourceManager<T>::GameResourceManager(T g) {
    resource = g;
}
template<typename T>
T GameResourceManager<T>::get() {
    return resource;
}
template<typename T>
void GameResourceManager<T>::update(int n) {
    if (resource+n < 0) {
        resource = 0;
    }
    else {
        resource += n;
    }
}

task5.cpp:
#include "grm.hpp"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;

void test1() {
    GameResourceManager<float> HP_manager(99.99);
    cout << "当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl;
    HP_manager.update(9.99);
    cout << "增加9.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl;
    HP_manager.update(-999.99);
    cout << "减少999.99生命值后, 当前生命值: " << HP_manager.get() << endl;
}

void test2() {
    GameResourceManager<int> Gold_manager(100);
    cout << "当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
    Gold_manager.update(50);
    cout << "增加50个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
    Gold_manager.update(-99);
    cout << "减少99个金币后, 当前金币数量: " << Gold_manager.get() << endl;
}


int main() {
    cout << "测试1: 用float类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl;
    test1();
    cout << endl;

    cout << "测试2: 用int类型对类模板GameResourceManager实例化" << endl;
    test2();
}
View Code

 

实验6

task6.cpp

info.hpp:
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
class Info {
public:
    Info() {};
    Info(string nickname,string contact,string city,int n);
    void display();
private:
    string nickname, contact, city;
    int n;
};
Info::Info(string nickname, string contact, string city, int n) {
    Info::nickname = nickname;
    Info::contact = contact;
    Info::city = city;
    Info::n = n;
}
void Info::display() {
    cout << "-----------------------------" << endl;
    cout << "昵称:" << nickname <<"\n" << "联系方式(邮箱/手机号):" << contact <<"\n" << "所在城市:" << city <<"\n"  << "预定参加人数：" << n << endl;
}

task6.cpp:
#include<iostream>
#include"info.hpp"
#include<string>
#include<vector>
const int capacity = 100;
using namespace std;

vector<Info>audience_list;
int main(){
    cout << "录入用户预约信息:\n" << endl;
    string nickname, contact, city;
    int n,total=0,num=0;
    label:
    while (cout << "昵称：", cin >> nickname){
        cout << "联系方式（手机号/邮箱）：";
        cin >> contact;
        cout << "所在城市：";
        cin >> city;
        cout << "预定参加人数：";
        cin >> n;;
        num = total;
        total += n;
        if (total > capacity) {
            break; 
        }
        audience_list.push_back(Info(nickname, contact, city, n));
        if (total == capacity) { 
            break;
        }
    }
    if (total > capacity)
    {
        cout << "对不起，当前只剩 " << capacity - num << " 个位置。" << endl;
        cout << "1、输入u，更新(update)预定信息。\n"<< "2、输入q，退出预定。" << endl;
        total=num;
        char choice; cin >> choice;
        if (choice == 'u') {
            goto label; 
        }
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "截至目前，一共有" <<total<<"位观众预约。预约听众信息如下:" <<total<< endl;
    for (auto& i : audience_list) {
        i.display();
    }
    return 0;


}
View Code

 

实验7

tassk7.cpp

  1 accumulator.h:
  2 #pragma once
  3 #ifndef __ACCUMULATOR_H__
  4 #define __ACCUMULATOR_H__
  5 #include "date.h"
  6 class Accumulator {    
  7 private:
  8     Date lastDate;    
  9     double value;    
 10     double sum;        
 11 public:
 12     Accumulator(const Date& date, double value)
 13         : lastDate(date), value(value), sum(0) { }
 14     double getSum(const Date& date) const {
 15         return sum + value * date.distance(lastDate);
 16     }
 17     void change(const Date& date, double value) {
 18         sum = getSum(date);
 19         lastDate = date; this->value = value;
 20     }
 21     void reset(const Date& date, double value) {
 22         lastDate = date; this->value = value; sum = 0;
 23     }
 24 };
 25 #endif
 26 
 27 account.h:
 28 #pragma once
 29 #ifndef __ACCOUNT_H__
 30 #define __ACCOUNT_H__
 31 #include "date.h"
 32 #include "accumulator.h"
 33 #include <string>
 34 class Account {
 35 private:
 36     std::string id;
 37     double balance;
 38     static double total;
 39 protected:
 40     Account(const Date& date, const std::string& id);
 41     void record(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
 42     void error(const std::string& msg) const;
 43 public:
 44     const std::string& getId() const { return id; }
 45     double getBalance() const { return balance; }
 46     static double getTotal() { return total; }
 47     void show() const;
 48 };
 49 class SavingsAccount : public Account {
 50 private:
 51     Accumulator acc;
 52     double rate;
 53 public:
 54     SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double rate);
 55     double getRate() const { return rate; }
 56     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
 57     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
 58     void settle(const Date& date);
 59 };
 60 class CreditAccount : public Account {
 61 private:
 62     Accumulator acc;
 63     double credit;
 64     double rate;
 65     double fee;
 66     double getDebt() const {
 67         double balance = getBalance();
 68         return (balance < 0 ? balance : 0);
 69     }
 70 public:
 71     CreditAccount(const Date& date, const std::string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee);
 72     double getCredit() const { return credit; }
 73     double getRate() const { return rate; }
 74     double getFee() const { return fee; }
 75     double getAvailableCredit() const {
 76         if (getBalance() < 0)
 77             return credit + getBalance();
 78         else
 79             return credit;
 80     }
 81     void deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
 82     void withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const std::string& desc);
 83     void settle(const Date& date);
 84     void show() const;
 85 };
 86 #endif 
 87 
 88 date.h:
 89 #pragma once
 90 class Date {
 91 private:
 92     int year;
 93     int month;
 94     int day;
 95     int totalDays;
 96 public:
 97     Date(int year, int month, int days);
 98     int getYear()const { return year; }
 99     int getDay()const { return day; }
100     int getMonth()const { return month; }
101     int getMaxDay()const;
102     bool isLeapYear()const {
103         return year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0 || year % 400 == 0;
104     }
105     void show()const;
106     int distance(const Date& date)const {
107         return totalDays - date.totalDays;
108     }
109 };
110 
111 date.cpp:
112 #include"date.h"
113 #include<iostream>
114 #include<cstdlib>
115 using namespace std;
116 namespace {
117     const int DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[] = { 0,31,59,90,120,151,181,212,243,273,304,334,365 };
118 }
119 Date::Date(int year, int month, int day) :year(year), month(month), day(day) {
120     if (day <= 0 || day > getMaxDay()) {
121         cout << "Invalid date:";
122         show();
123         cout << endl;
124         exit(1);
125     }
126     int years = year - 1;
127     totalDays = years * 365 + years / 4 - years / 100 + years / 400 + DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1] + day;
128     if (isLeapYear() && month > 2)
129         totalDays++;
130 }
131 int Date::getMaxDay()const {
132     if (isLeapYear() && month >= 2)
133         return 29;
134     else
135         return DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month] - DAYS_BEFORE_MONTH[month - 1];
136 }
137 void Date::show()const {
138     cout << getYear() << "-" << getMonth() << "-" << getDay();
139 }
140 
141 account.cpp:
142 #include "account.h"
143 #include <cmath>
144 #include <iostream>
145 using namespace std;
146 double Account::total = 0;
147 Account::Account(const Date& date, const string& id)
148     : id(id), balance(0) {
149     date.show(); cout << "\t#" << id << " created" << endl;
150 }
151 void Account::record(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
152     amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
153     balance += amount; total += amount;
154     date.show();
155     cout << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << "\t" << desc << endl;
156 }
157 void Account::show() const { cout << id << "\tBalance: " << balance; }
158 void Account::error(const string& msg) const {
159     cout << "Error(#" << id << "): " << msg << endl;
160 }
161 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double rate)
162     : Account(date, id), rate(rate), acc(date, 0) { }
163 void SavingsAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
164     record(date, amount, desc);
165     acc.change(date, getBalance());
166 }
167 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
168     if (amount > getBalance()) {
169         error("not enough money");
170     }
171     else {
172         record(date, -amount, desc);
173         acc.change(date, getBalance());
174     }
175 }
176 void SavingsAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
177     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate    
178         / date.distance(Date(date.getYear() - 1, 1, 1));
179     if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
180     acc.reset(date, getBalance());
181 }
182 
183 CreditAccount::CreditAccount(const Date& date, const string& id, double credit, double rate, double fee)
184     : Account(date, id), credit(credit), rate(rate), fee(fee), acc(date, 0) { }
185 void CreditAccount::deposit(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
186     record(date, amount, desc);
187     acc.change(date, getDebt());
188 }
189 void CreditAccount::withdraw(const Date& date, double amount, const string& desc) {
190     if (amount - getBalance() > credit) {
191         error("not enough credit");
192     }
193     else {
194         record(date, -amount, desc);
195         acc.change(date, getDebt());
196     }
197 }
198 void CreditAccount::settle(const Date& date) {
199     double interest = acc.getSum(date) * rate;
200     if (interest != 0) record(date, interest, "interest");
201     if (date.getMonth() == 1)
202         record(date, -fee, "annual fee");
203     acc.reset(date, getDebt());
204 }
205 void CreditAccount::show() const {
206     Account::show();
207     cout << "\tAvailable credit:" << getAvailableCredit();
208 }
209 
210 7_10.cpp:
211 #include "account.h"
212 #include <iostream>
213 using namespace std;
214 int main() {
215     Date date(2008, 11, 1);
216     SavingsAccount sa1(date, "S3755217", 0.015);
217     SavingsAccount sa2(date, "02342342", 0.015);
218     CreditAccount ca(date, "C5392394", 10000, 0.0005, 50);
219     sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 5), 5000, "salary");
220     ca.withdraw(Date(2008, 11, 15), 2000, "buy a cell");
221     sa2.deposit(Date(2008, 11, 25), 10000, "sell stock 0323");
222     ca.settle(Date(2008, 12, 1));
223     ca.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 1), 2016, "repay the credit");
224     sa1.deposit(Date(2008, 12, 5), 5500, "salary");
225     sa1.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
226     sa2.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
227     ca.settle(Date(2009, 1, 1));
228     cout << endl;
229     sa1.show(); cout << endl;
230     sa2.show(); cout << endl;
231     ca.show(); cout << endl;
232     cout << "Total: " << Account::getTotal() << endl;
233     return 0;
234 }
View Code

 

标签：std,const,组合,继承,void,int,date,include,模板
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/Altairsss/p/18553038

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