实验二

标签：std const int double up 实验 Fraction

实验任务一

源代码t.h:

#pragma once
#include <string>
// 类T: 声明
class T {
// 对象属性、方法
public:
  T(int x = 0, int y = 0);  // 普通构造函数
  T(const T &t);  // 复制构造函数
  T(T &&t);    // 移动构造函数
  ~T();      // 析构函数
  void adjust(int ratio);    // 按系数成倍调整数据
  void display() const;      // 以(m1, m2)形式显示T类对象信息
private:
  int m1, m2;
// 类属性、方法
public:
  static int get_cnt();      // 显示当前T类对象总数
public:
  static const std::string doc;    // 类T的描述信息
  static const int max_cnt;      // 类T对象上限
private:
  static int cnt;     // 当前T类对象数目
// 类T友元函数声明
  friend void func();
};
// 普通函数声明
void func();

源代码t.cpp:

// 类T: 实现
// 普通函数实现
#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
using std::string;
// static成员数据类外初始化
const std::string T::doc{"a simple class sample"};
const int T::max_cnt = 999;
int T::cnt = 0;
// 对象方法
T::T(int x, int y): m1{x}, m2{y} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(const T &t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
}
T::T(T &&t): m1{t.m1}, m2{t.m2} {
  ++cnt;
  cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
}  
T::~T() {
  --cnt;
  cout << "T destructor called.\n";
}     
void T::adjust(int ratio) {
  m1 *= ratio;
  m2 *= ratio;
}  
void T::display() const {
  cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
}  
// 类方法
int T::get_cnt() {
 return cnt;
}
// 友元
void func() {
  T t5(42);
  t5.m2 = 2049;
  cout << "t5 = "; t5.display(); cout << endl;
}

源代码task1.cpp:

#include "t.h"
#include <iostream>
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
void test();
int main() {
  test();
  cout << "\nmain: \n";
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
}
void test() {
  cout << "test class T: \n";
  cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
  cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
  T t1;
  cout << "t1 = "; t1.display(); cout << endl;
  T t2(3, 4);
  cout << "t2 = "; t2.display(); cout << endl;
  T t3(t2);
  t3.adjust(2);
  cout << "t3 = "; t3.display(); cout << endl;
  T t4(std::move(t2));
  cout << "t3 = "; t4.display(); cout << endl;
  cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
  func();
}

问题1：

不能

fun要访问T的m2的话没有友元关系就无法访问

问题2：

普通构造函数 T(int x = 0, int y = 0);

功能：创建一个 T 类的对象，允许用户指定成员变量 m1 和 m2 的初始值，默认为 0。

调用时机：当使用默认参数或提供具体参数创建对象时，如 T t1; 或 T t2(3, 4);。

复制构造函数 T(const T &t);

功能：通过已有的 T 类对象来初始化新的对象，实现成员变量的拷贝。

调用时机：当以现有对象初始化新对象时，如 T t3(t2);，或当对象以值传递方式作为函数参数或返回值时。

移动构造函数 T(T &&t);

功能：移动资源，而非复制，用于优化临时对象或右值的初始化，减少不必要的拷贝。

调用时机：当使用 std::move 转换为右值引用，或函数返回临时对象时，如 T t4(std::move(t2));。

析构函数 ~T();

功能：在对象生命周期结束时执行清理操作，如释放资源、更新静态计数器等。

调用时机：当对象超出其作用域、被显式删除或程序结束时，系统自动调用析构函数

问题3：

不能

实验任务二：

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

class Complex {
private:
    double real;
    double imag;

public:
    // 构造函数
    Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) {}

    // 获取实部
    double get_real() {
        return real;
    }

    // 获取虚部
    double get_imag() {
        return imag;
    }

    // 加法操作
    void add(Complex c) {
        real += c.real;
        imag += c.imag;
    }

    // 计算复数的模
    double abs() {
        return std::sqrt(real * real + imag * imag);
    }

    // 相等判断
    bool is_equal(Complex c) {
        return (real == c.real) && (imag == c.imag);
    }

    // 不相等判断
    bool is_not_equal(Complex c) {
        return!is_equal(c);
    }

    // 输出复数
    void output() {
        std::cout << real << " + " << imag << "i" << std::endl;
    }
};

// 复数相加函数
Complex add(Complex c1, Complex c2) {
    return Complex(c1.get_real() + c2.get_real(), c1.get_imag() + c2.get_imag());
}

void test() {
    Complex c1(0, 0);
    Complex c2(3, -4);
    Complex c3(3.5, 0);
    Complex c4(3.5, 0);

    std::cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag() << std::endl;
    std::cout << std::endl;

    std::cout << "复数运算测试:" << std::endl;
    std::cout << "abs(c2) = " << c2.abs() << std::endl;
    c1.add(c2);
    std::cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = ";
    c1.output();
    std::cout << std::boolalpha;
    std::cout << "c1 == c2 : " << c1.is_equal(c2) << std::endl;
    std::cout << "c1!= c3 : " << c1.is_not_equal(c3) << std::endl;
    c4 = add(c2, c3);
    std::cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = ";
    c4.output();
}

int main() {
    test();
    return 0;
}

实验任务三：

计算复数的模：通过 abs(c2) 计算了复数 c2 的模，即 sqrt(3^2 + (-4)^2) = sqrt(25) = 5 。

复数的加法运算：在 c4 = c2 + c3 中，对复数进行了加法操作。

复数的赋值和比较：包括 c1 += c2 进行赋值，以及 c1 = c2 和 c1!= c3 的比较操作。

实验任务四：

Fraction.h

#ifndef FRACTION_H
#define FRACTION_H

#include <iostream>

class Fraction {
public:
    // 描述类的doc字符串，常量，公有
    static const std::string doc;

    // 构造函数
    Fraction(int up = 0, int down = 1);
    Fraction(const Fraction& other);

    // 获取分子
    int get_up() const;

    // 获取分母
    int get_down() const;

    // 求负运算
    Fraction negative() const;

    // 友元函数声明
    friend void output(const Fraction& fraction);
    friend Fraction add(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
    friend Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
    friend Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
    friend Fraction div(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);

private:
    // 分子和分母，私有
    int up;
    int down;

    // 内部工具函数，用于化简分数
    void simplify();
};

#endif

Fraction.cpp

#include "Fraction.h"

// 初始化类的doc字符串
const std::string Fraction::doc = "Fraction类 v 0.01版. 目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算.";

// 构造函数
Fraction::Fraction(int up, int down) : up(up), down(down) {
    if (down == 0) {
        throw std::runtime_error("分母不能为零");
    }
    simplify();
}

Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction& other) : up(other.up), down(other.down) {}

// 获取分子
int Fraction::get_up() const {
    return up;
}

// 获取分母
int Fraction::get_down() const {
    return down;
}

// 求负运算
Fraction Fraction::negative() const {
    return Fraction(-up, down);
}

// 内部工具函数，用于化简分数
void Fraction::simplify() {
    int gcd = 1;
    int a = abs(up);
    int b = abs(down);
    while (b!= 0) {
        int temp = b;
        b = a % b;
        a = temp;
    }
    gcd = a;
    up /= gcd;
    up = (down < 0 && up!= 0)? -up : up;
    down /= gcd;
    down = abs(down);
}

// 友元函数实现：输出分数
void output(const Fraction& fraction) {
    if (fraction.up == 0) {
        std::cout << "0";
    } else if (fraction.down == 1) {
        std::cout << fraction.up;
    } else {
        if (fraction.up < 0 && fraction.down < 0) {
            fraction.simplify();
            std::cout << abs(fraction.up) << "/" << abs(fraction.down) << std::endl;
        } else if (fraction.down < 0) {
            fraction.simplify();
            std::cout << -fraction.up << "/" << abs(fraction.down) << std::endl;
        } else {
            fraction.simplify();
            std::cout << fraction.up << "/" << fraction.down << std::endl;
        }
    }
}

// 友元函数实现：分数相加
Fraction add(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2) {
    int new_up = f1.up * f2.down + f2.up * f2.down;
    int new_down = f1.down * f2.down;
    return Fraction(new_up, new_down);
}

// 友元函数实现：分数相减
Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2) {
    int new_up = f1.up * f2.down - f2.up * f1.down;
    int new_down = f1.down * f2.down;
    return Fraction(new_up, new_down);
}

// 友元函数实现：分数相乘
Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2) {
    int new_up = f1.up * f2.up;
    int new_down = f1.down * f2.down;
    return Fraction(new_up, new_down);
}

// 友元函数实现：分数相除
Fraction div(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2) {
    if (f2.up == 0) {
        throw std::runtime_error("除数不能为零");
    }
    int new_up = f1.up * f2.down;
    int new_down = f1.down * f2.up;
    return Fraction(new_up, new_down);
}

test4.cpp

#include "Fraction.h"
#include <iostream>

using std::cout;
using std::endl;


void test1() {
    cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
    cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;

    Fraction f1(5);
    Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
    Fraction f4(f3);
    cout << "f1 = "; output(f1); cout << endl;
    cout << "f2 = "; output(f2); cout << endl;
    cout << "f3 = "; output(f3); cout << endl;
    cout << "f4 = "; output(f4); cout << endl;

    Fraction f5(f4.negative());
    cout << "f5 = "; output(f5); cout << endl;
    cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " << f5.get_down() << endl;

    cout << "f1 + f2 = "; output(add(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 - f2 = "; output(sub(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 * f2 = "; output(mul(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f1 / f2 = "; output(div(f1, f2)); cout << endl;
    cout << "f4 + f5 = "; output(add(f4, f5)); cout << endl;
}

void test2() {
    Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
    cout << "f6 = "; output(f6); cout << endl;
    cout << "f7 = "; output(f7); cout << endl;
    cout << "f6 / f7 = "; output(div(f6, f7)); cout << endl;
}

int main() {
    cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
    test1();

    cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
    test2();
}

实验任务五：

Account.h

#ifndef _ _ACCOUNT_H_ _
  #define _ _ACCOUNT_H_ _
  class SavingsAccount{
  private:
      int id;
      double balance;
      double rate;
      int lastDate;
      double accumulation;
     static double total;
     void record(int date,double amount);
     double accumulate(int date)const{
         return accumulation+balance*(date-lastDate);
     }
 public:
     SavingsAccount(int date,int id,double rate);
     int getId()const{return id;}
     double getBalance()const{return balance;}
     double getRate()const{return rate;}
     static double getTotal(){return total;}
     void deposit(int date,double amount);
     void withdraw(int date,double amount);
    void settle(int date);
     void show()const;
     
 };
 #endif//_ _ACCOUNT_H_ _

Account.cpp

#include"account.h"
  #include<cmath>
 #include<iostream>
 using namespace std;
  
  double SavingAccount::total=0;
  SavingAccount::SavingAccount(int date,int id,double rate):id(id),balance(0),rate(rate),lastDate(date),accumulation(0){
        cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<" is created"<<endl;
         }
 void SavingAccount::record(int date,double amount){
   accumulation=accumulate(date);
     lastDate=date;
     amount=floor(amount*100+0.5)/100;
   balance+=amount;
    total+=amount;
    cout<<date<<"\t#"<<id<<"\t"<<amount<<"\t"<<balance<<endl; 
}
 void SavingAccount::deposit(int date,double amount){
     record(date,amount);
 }
 void SavingAccount::withdraw(int data,double amount){
     if(amount>getBalance())
         cout<<"Error: not enough money"<<endl;
     else
         record(data,-amount);
 }
 void SavingAccount::settle(int date){
     double interest=accumulate(date)*rate/365;
     if(interest!=0)
       record(date,interest);
     accumulation=0;
}
void SavingAccount::show() const{
     cout<<"# "<<id<<"\tBalance: "<<balance;
}

5_11.cpp

#include"account.h"
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(){
    //建立几个账户
    SavingsAccount sa0(1,21325302,0.015);
    SavingsAccount sa1(1,58320212,0.015);
    //几笔账目
    sa0.deposit(5,5000);
    sa1.deposit(25,10000);
    sa0.deposit(45,5500);
    sa1.withdraw(60,4000);
    //开户后第90天到了银行的计息日，结算所有账户的年息
    sa0.settle(90);
    sa1.settle(90);
    //输出各个账户信息
    sa0.show();cout<<endl;
    sa1.show();cout<<endl;
    cout<<"Total:"<<SavingsAccount::getTotal()<<endl;
    return 0;
}

标签：std,const,int,double,up,实验,Fraction
From： https://www.cnblogs.com/cjchh222/p/18514481

Fraction.cpp

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