树莓派CM4(五)：搭建QT开发环境

1. 软件版本

• Ubuntu20.04
• QT5.12.12

2. 参考链接

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/138021025?utm_id=0

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/137745265

https://bugreports.qt.io/browse/QTBUG-62216

https://www.tal.org/tutorials/building-qt-512-lts-raspberry-pi-raspberry-pi-os

https://wiki.qt.io/RaspberryPi2EGLFS

https://wiki.qt.io/Cross-Compile_Qt_6_for_Raspberry_Pi#Final_Configuration_on_Raspberry_Pi

https://www.tal.org/tutorials/building-qt-62-raspberry-pi-raspberry-pi-os

https://doc-snapshots.qt.io/qt6-dev/configure-linux-device.html

3. Ubuntu20.04安装Qt5.12.12

• 下载链接

  https://download.qt.io/archive/qt/5.12/5.12.12/

• 将下载的qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run拷贝到Ubuntu20.04中

• 执行qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run

  $ chmod a+x qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run
  $ sudo ./qt-opensource-linux-x64-5.12.12.run
  

• 默认安装在/opt目录下，可自行更改，其它保持默认即可
  

• 选择组件，干脆全选得了
  

• 查看安装目录
  

• 在/etc/profile添加下面这行，修改PATH环境变量

  #QT 5.12.12
  export PATH=/opt/Qt5.12.12/Tools/QtCreator/bin:$PATH
  

• 使之立即生效

  $ source /etc/profile
  

• 在终端启动qtcreator

  $ qtcreator &
  

4. 树莓派环境配置

• 官网下载镜像,我选择的是最新版无桌面环境的Lite镜像,下载链接如下：

  https://www.raspberrypi.com/software/operating-systems/#raspberry-pi-os-64-bit

• 镜像烧录，参考之前的文章

• 在/boot/config.txt中添加如下内容

  # 启用调试串口
  enable_uart=1
  # 启用DSI输出
  dtoverlay=vc4-kms-dsi-7inch
  

  • 进入树莓派系统，安装一些依赖的包，在此提供一个脚本来进行安装
    • 有一项依赖libxcb-xineramalibfontconfig1-dev安装出错，但是看起来好像没什么影响
    • 正常情况下，这个脚本不会报任何错误

  #!/bin/bash
  
  #
  #安装失败的包
  # libxcb-xineramalibfontconfig1-dev
  #
  
  SOFT_LIST='build-essential 
        libx11-dev  libxcb1-dev 
        libxcb-keysyms1-dev libxcb-image0-dev libxcb-shm0-dev 
        libxcb-icccm4-dev libxcb-sync0-dev libxcb-xfixes0-dev libxcb-shape0-dev 
        libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-render-util0-dev libxcb-glx0-dev libxcb-present-dev 
        libdbus-1-dev libfreetype6-dev 
        libicu-dev libinput-dev libxkbcommon-dev libsqlite3-dev 
        libssl-dev libpng-dev libjpeg-dev libglib2.0-dev 
        libudev-dev libts-dev libmtdev-dev libfontconfig1-dev libglib2.0-dev 
        libgles2-mesa-dev libgbm-dev libdrm-dev unzip pkg-config gfortran 
        qt5-qmake libqt5gui5 libqt5webengine-data libqt5webkit5 libxcb-xinerama0-dev 
        libxcb-xinerama0 gdbserver libxcb-randr0-dev libxcb-xtest0-dev 
        libxcb-shape0-dev libxcb-xkb-dev libv4l-dev libxvidcore-dev
        libwayland-dev libbluetooth-dev 
        libwayland-dev libgstreamer1.0-dev libgstreamer-plugins-base1.0-dev 
        gstreamer1.0-plugins-base gstreamer1.0-plugins-good gstreamer1.0-plugins-ugly
        gstreamer1.0-plugins-bad libgstreamer-plugins-bad1.0-dev gstreamer1.0-pulseaudio 
        gstreamer1.0-tools gstreamer1.0-alsa ttf-wqy-zenhei gdbserver
        libpq-dev libx11-dev libxcb1-dev libxext-dev 
        libxi-dev 
        libxcomposite-dev 
        libxcursor-dev 
        libxtst-dev 
        libxrandr-dev 
        libfontconfig1-dev 
        libfreetype6-dev 
        libx11-xcb-dev 
        libxext-dev 
        libxfixes-dev 
        libxi-dev 
        libxrender-dev 
        libxcb-glx0-dev 
        libxcb-keysyms1-dev 
        libxcb-image0-dev 
        libxcb-shm0-dev 
        libxcb-sync-dev 
        libxcb-shape0-dev 
        libxcb-randr0-dev 
        libxkbcommon-x11-dev 
        libzstd-dev 
        libsctp-dev 
        perl 
        libudev-dev 
        libxcb-xinerama0 
        flex 
        bison 
        gperf 
        libxslt-dev 
        ruby 
        libssl-dev 
        libxcursor-dev 
        libxcomposite-dev 
        libxdamage-dev 
        libxrandr-dev 
        libfontconfig1-dev 
        libcap-dev 
        libxtst-dev 
        libpulse-dev 
        libudev-dev 
        libpci-dev 
        libnss3-dev 
        libasound2-dev 
        libxss-dev 
        libbz2-dev 
        libcups2-dev 
        libatkmm-1.6-dev 
        ttf-mscorefonts-installer
        '
  
  for i in ${SOFT_LIST}
  do
      echo -e "[INFO] ${i} installing..."
  
      apt-get install -y $i
      if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
          echo -e "[ERROR] ${i} install failed!"
          exit 1
      fi
  done
  

5. Ubuntu20.04环境配置

5.1 构建sysroot

• 在Ubuntu中创建sysroot目录

  $ mkdir -p raspi/sysroot
  $ cd raspi
  

• 同步树莓派中的库及头文件到sysroot

  $ rsync -avz [email protected]:/lib sysroot
  $ rsync -avz [email protected]:/usr/include sysroot/usr
  $ rsync -avz [email protected]:/usr/lib sysroot/usr
  

• 添加opengl相关库

  # 下载树莓派固件
  $ curl -L https://github.com/Hexxeh/rpi-firmware/archive/master.tar.gz -o master.tar.gz
    % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                   Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
    0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0
  100  121M    0  121M    0     0  8011k      0 --:--:--  0:00:15 --:--:-- 8348k
  
  
  # 解压
  $ tar -xvf master.tar.gz
  
  # 复制rpi-firmware-master/vc/softfp/opt到sysroot
  $ cp -r rpi-firmware-master/vc/hardfp/opt ./sysroot
  
  # 修改sysroot中的软连接
  $ cd sysroot/
  sysroot$ rm usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so.1.1.0
  sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libEGL.so.1.1.0
  sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libGLESv2.so.2.0.0
  sysroot$ rm opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so
  sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libbrcmEGL.so opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so
  sysroot$ rm opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so
  sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libbrcmGLESv2.so.2 opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so
  sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so opt/vc/lib/libEGL.so.1
  sysroot$ ln -s opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so opt/vc/lib/libGLESv2.so.2
  

• 修复软连接

  $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/riscv/riscv-poky/master/scripts/sysroot-relativelinks.py
  $ chmod a+x sysroot-relativelinks.py
  $ ./sysroot-relativelinks.py ./sysroot
  

5.2 安装树莓派CM4交叉编译链

• 参考链接：

  https://pidoc.cn/docs/computers/linux-kernel#交叉编译内核

• 实测发现，交叉编译工具链版本也会导致编译失败，因此先查看一下树莓派中的gcc版本为12.2.0

• 到linaro官网下载对应版本的交叉编译工具链

  https://snapshots.linaro.org/gnu-toolchain/12.2-2023.04-1/aarch64-linux-gnu/

• 安装交叉编译工具链到Ubuntu20.04,过程略

6. QT交叉编译及安装

• 参考链接：

  https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/461514256

  https://doc.embedfire.com/linux/rk356x/Qt/zh/latest/lubancat_qt/install/install_arm_2.html

  https://www.jianshu.com/p/659822ebc183

  https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/138021025

• 安装依赖

  sudo apt-get install -y libx11-* libx11* libxcb-* libxcb* libxkbcommon-x11-dev libxcb-xinerama0-dev libxcb-sync-dev
  

• 下载QT源码：QT5.12.9

• 解压

  $ tar -xvf qt-everywhere-src-5.12.9.tar.xz
  

• 修改qtbase/mkspecs/devices/linux-rasp-pi4-v3d-g++/qmake.conf文件

  • 删除-mfpu=crypto-neon-fp-armv8
  • 将include(../common/linux_arm_device_post.conf) 修改为 include(../common/linux_device_post.conf)
    

• 编写自动配置脚本autoconfigure.sh，内容如下：

  # 目标平台,这个平台可以在qtbase/mkspecs目录下查找
  HOST=linux-aarch64-gnu
  # sysroot路径
  SYSROOT_PATH=/home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/raspi/sysroot
  # 指定目标平台设备
  DEVICE=linux-rasp-pi4-v3d-g++
  # 交叉编译工具链
  CROSS_CHAIN_PREFIX=/home/jun/work/share/gcc-linaro-12.2.1-2023.04-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-linux-gnu-
  #CROSS_CHAIN_PREFIX=/usr/local/arm/raspi/gcc-arm-10.2-2020.11-x86_64-aarch64-none-linux-gnu/bin/aarch64-none-linux-gnu-
  # 运行目录
  PREFIX=/usr/local/qt5pi
  # 库及工具的安装目录
  EXTPREFIX=/home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/qt5pi
  #-hostprefix /home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/qt5pi-host
  
  ./configure \
  -release \
  -device ${DEVICE} \
  -device-option CROSS_COMPILE=${CROSS_CHAIN_PREFIX} \
  -sysroot ${SYSROOT_PATH} \
  -prefix ${PREFIX} \
  -extprefix ${EXTPREFIX} \
  -opengl es2 \
  -opengles3 \
  -no-gtk \
  --disable-d3d12 \
  -force-pkg-config \
  -opensource \
  -confirm-license \
  -reduce-exports \
  -nomake examples \
  -no-compile-examples \
  -nomake tests \
  -skip qtwayland \
  -skip qtwebengine \
  -qt-pcre \
  -no-pch \
  -ssl \
  -evdev \
  -make libs \
  -system-freetype \
  -fontconfig \
  -glib \
  -no-feature-eglfs_brcm \
  -recheck-all \
  -v
  

● 执行自动配置脚本autoconfigure.sh

qt-everywhere-src-5.12.9$ chmod a+x autoconfigure.sh
qt-everywhere-src-5.12.9$ ./autoconfigure.sh

● 编译

$ make -j$(nproc)

● 编译时报错

• 解决方法：在qtdeclarative/src/qmldebug/qqmlprofilerevent_p.h开头包含头文件<limits>
  

• make install安装

  $ make install -j8
  

• 查看编译输出目录
  

• 将该目录打包，发送到树莓派CM4

  $ cd ..
  $ tar -cvzf qt5pi.tar.gz qt5pi/
  $ scp qt5pi.tar.gz [email protected]:/tmp
  

7. 设置树莓派CM4 QT运行环境

• 将上一步中得到的qt5pi.tar.gz解压到/usr/local目录

  # tar -xvf qt5pi.tar.gz -C /usr/local
  

• 编辑/etc/profile设置环境变量，在其中添加如下内容

  export PATH=$PATH:/opt
  export QT_QPA_EGLFS_WIDTH=800
  export QT_QPA_EGLFS_HEIGHT=480
  export QTDIR=/usr/local/qt5pi
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$QTDIR/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PA
  export QT_QPA_FONTDIR=$QTDIR/lib/fonts
  export QT_QPA_PLATFORM_PLUGIN_PATH=$QTDIR/plugins/
  export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=eglf
  export QT_QPA_EGLFS_HIDECURSOR=1
  export QT_QPA_EGLFS_ALWAYS_SET_MODE="1"
  export QWS_MOUSE_PROTO=/dev/input/event0
  export QML_IMPORT_PATH=$QTDIR/qml
  export QML2_IMPORT_PATH=$QTDIR/qml
  export QT_QPA_PLATFORM=linuxfb:/dev/fb0
  

• 使之立即生效

  # source /etc/profile
  

8. QT Creator开发环境设置

8.1 添加kits

• Tools-> Options -> Kits
  
  

• Manual-> Add

  • 设置新添加的Kits名称，选择Device type为 Generic Linux Device

• 设置Qt Version,就是指定交叉编译使用的qmake所在路径，前文已经说明了在QT交叉编译时，执行make install将编译产物安装到了/home/jun/work/share/qt-workspace/qt5pi目录，qmake就在该目录下
  

• 添加C编译器，即指定交叉编译工具链: Kits-> Compilers-> Manual-> Add-> GCC-> C

  • 自定义C Compilers名称为 RaspberryCM4-GCC
  • Compiler path设置为交叉编译工具链aarch64-none-linux-gnu-gcc的绝对路径
  • Apply应用
    

• 添加C++编译器: Kits-> Compilers-> Manual-> Add-> GCC-> C++

  • 设置Name为RaspberryCM4-G++
  • 设置Compiler path为aarch64-none-linux-gnu-g++的绝对路径
  • Apply应用
    
    

• 返回kits界面，设置C Compiler为上一步添加的RaspberryCM4-GCC

• Kits-> RaspberryCM4-> Compiler-> C-> RaspberryCM4-GCC
  

• 设置C++ Compiler为上一步添加的RaspberryCM4-G++

  • Kits-> RaspberryCM4-> Compiler-> C++-> RaspberryCM4-G++
    

• 别忘了Apply应用

8.2 为项目选择Kits

• Project -> RaspberryCM4 -> Build
  

8.3 远程部署调试

• Tools-> Options-> Devices-> Add-> Generic Linux Device
  

• Connection设置
  

• Key Deployment设置,这一步先不设置，后续使用SSH连接，直接next
  

• Finish
  

• 回到Device，选择Authentication type为Default表示使用SSH连接

  • 点击Test测试连通性，测试通过后Apply
    

9. QT上以root权限run/debug

• 工具 -> 选项 -> 环境 -> Terminal -> 选择使用gnome-terminal，后面加上参数-x sudo，然后Apply
  
  

• 在运行设置中选择Run in termainal, 项目-> Run-> Run in terminal