任务一：
t.h
1 #pragma once
2 #include <string>
3
4 class T {
5 public:
6 T(int x = 0, int y = 0);
7 T(const T &t);
8 T(T &&t);
9 ~T();
10
11 void adjust(int ratio);
12 void display() const;
13 private:
14 int m1, m2;
15
16 public:
17 static int get_cnt();
18 public:
19 static const std::string doc;
20 static const int max_cnt;
21 private:
22 static int cnt;
23 friend void func();
24 };
25 void func();
t.cpp:
1 #include "t.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 #include <string>
4 using std::cout;
5 using std::endl;
6 using std::string;
7
8 const std::string T::doc {
9 "a simple class sample"
10 };
11 const int T::max_cnt = 999;
12 int T::cnt = 0;
13
14 T::T(int x, int y): m1 {x}, m2 {y} {
15 ++cnt;
16 cout << "T constructor called.\n";
17 }
18 T::T(const T &t): m1 {t.m1}, m2 {t.m2} {
19 ++cnt;
20 cout << "T copy constructor called.\n";
21 }
22 T::T(T &&t): m1 {t.m1}, m2 {t.m2} {
23 ++cnt;
24 cout << "T move constructor called.\n";
25 }
26 T::~T() {
27 --cnt;
28 cout << "T destructor called.\n";
29 }
30 void T::adjust(int ratio) {
31 m1 *= ratio;
32 m2 *= ratio;
33 }
34 void T::display() const {
35 cout << "(" << m1 << ", " << m2 << ")" ;
36 }
37 int T::get_cnt() {
38 return cnt;
39 }
40 void func() {
41 T t5(42);
42 t5.m2 = 2049;
43 cout << "t5 = ";
44 t5.display();
45 cout << endl;
46 }
test.cpp:
1 #include "t.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 using std::cout;
4 using std::endl;
5 void test();
6 int main() {
7 test();
8 cout << "\nmain: \n";
9 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
10 }
11 void test() {
12 cout << "test class T: \n";
13 cout << "T info: " << T::doc << endl;
14 cout << "T objects'max count: " << T::max_cnt << endl;
15 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl << endl;
16 T t1;
17 cout << "t1 = ";
18 t1.display();
19 cout << endl;
20 T t2(3, 4);
21 cout << "t2 = ";
22 t2.display();
23 cout << endl;
24 T t3(t2);
25 t3.adjust(2);
26 cout << "t3 = ";
27 t3.display();
28 cout << endl;
29 T t4(std::move(t2));
30 cout << "t3 = ";
31 t4.display();
32 cout << endl;
33 cout << "T objects'current count: " << T::get_cnt() << endl;
34 func();
35 }
编译结果：
结论：
问题1：t.h中，普通函数 func 作为类X的友元，在类的内部声明了友元关系。在类外部，去掉
line36，重新编译，是否能正确运行。不可以，并没有对func()函数进行声明，主函数运行失败。
问题2：
t.h中，line9-12给出了各种构造函数、析构函数。总结各种构造函数的功能，以及它们与析 构函数的调用时机。 普通构造函数：普通构造函数用于初始化对象的状态和属性。对象创建时自动调用普通构造函数进行初始化。 复制构造函数：复制构造函数用于创建对象时复制已有对象。对象以已有对象初始化时调用复制构造函数。 移动构造函数：移动构造函数实现资源转移，高效创建新对象。对象以右值初始化时调用移动构造函数。 析构函数：析构函数用于释放对象占用的资源，清理对象。对象生命周期结束时自动调用析构函数。 问题3： t.cpp中，line13-15，调整到t.h，重新编译，程序能否正确编译运行。 不可以。
任务二：
Complex.h
1 #pragma once
2 #include <string>
3 #include "Complex.h"
4
5 class Complex {
6 public:
7 Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
8 Complex(const Complex& c);
9 ~ Complex();
10
11 void add(const Complex& c);
12
13 public:
14 double get_real() const;
15 double get_imag() const;
16
17 public:
18 friend Complex add(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
19 friend bool is_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
20 friend bool is_not_equal(const Complex& c1, const Complex& c2);
21 friend void output(const Complex& c);
22 friend double abs(const Complex& c);
23
24 private:
25 double real;
26 double imag;
27
28 public:
29 static const std::string doc;
30
31 };
Complex.cpp
1 #include "Complex.h"
2 #include<iostream>
3 #include<string>
4 #include<cmath>
5
6 using namespace std;
7
8 const string Complex::doc {
9 "a simplified complex class"
10 };
11
12 Complex::Complex(double r,double i):real {r},imag {i} {}
13 Complex::Complex(const Complex&c):real {c.real},imag {c.imag} {}
14 Complex::~Complex() {}
15
16 void Complex::add(const Complex&c) {
17 real +=c.real;
18 imag +=c.imag;
19 }
20
21 double Complex::get_real() const{
22 return real;
23 }
24 double Complex::get_imag() const{
25 return imag;
26 }
27
28 Complex add(const Complex&c1,const Complex&c2) {
29 return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
30 }
31 bool is_equal(const Complex&c1,const Complex&c2) {
32 if(c1.real==c2.real&&c1.imag==c2.imag)return true;
33 else return false;
34
35 }
36 bool is_not_equal(const Complex&c1,const Complex&c2) {
37 if(c1.real==c2.real&&c1.imag==c2.imag)return false;
38 else return true;
39
40 }
41 void output(const Complex&c) {
42 if(c.imag<0) {
43 cout<<c.real<<"-"<<c.imag*(-1)<<"i";
44 } else {
45 cout<<c.real<<"+"<<c.imag<<"i";
46 }
47 }
48 double abs(const Complex&c) {
49 return sqrt(c.real*c.real+c.imag*c.imag);
50 }
tas2.cpp
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include "Complex.h"
3 #include <string>
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7 using std::boolalpha;
8 void test() {
9 cout << "类成员测试: " << endl;
10 cout << Complex::doc << endl;
11 cout << endl;
12 cout << "Complex对象测试: " << endl;
13 Complex c1;
14 Complex c2(3, -4);
15 const Complex c3(3.5);
16 Complex c4(c3);
17 cout << "c1 = ";
18 output(c1);
19 cout << endl;
20 cout << "c2 = ";
21 output(c2);
22 cout << endl;
23 cout << "c3 = ";
24 output(c3);
25 cout << endl;
26 cout << "c4 = ";
27 output(c4);
28 cout << endl;
29 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.get_real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.get_imag()
30 << endl;
31 cout << endl;
32 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
33 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
34 c1.add(c2);
35 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = ";
36 output(c1);
37 cout << endl;
38 cout << boolalpha;
39 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << is_equal(c1, c2) << endl;
40 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << is_not_equal(c1, c3) << endl;
41 c4 = add(c2, c3);
42 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = ";
43 output(c4);
44 cout << endl;
45 }
46 int main() {
47 test();
48 }
编译结果：
任务三：
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <complex>
3 using std::cout;
4 using std::endl;
5 using std::boolalpha;
6 using std::complex;
7 void test() {
8 cout << "标准库模板类comple测试: " << endl;
9 complex<double> c1;
10 complex<double> c2(3, -4);
11 const complex<double> c3(3.5);
12 complex<double> c4(c3);
13 cout << "c1 = " << c1 << endl;
14 cout << "c2 = " << c2 << endl;
15 cout << "c3 = " << c3 << endl;
16 cout << "c4 = " << c4 << endl;
17 cout << "c4.real = " << c4.real() << ", c4.imag = " << c4.imag() <<
18 endl;
19 cout << endl;
20 cout << "复数运算测试: " << endl;
21 cout << "abs(c2) = " << abs(c2) << endl;
22 c1 += c2;
23 cout << "c1 += c2, c1 = " << c1 << endl;
24 cout << boolalpha;
25 cout << "c1 == c2 : " << (c1 == c2) << endl;
26 cout << "c1 != c3 : " << (c1 != c3) << endl;
27 c4 = c2 + c3;
28 cout << "c4 = c2 + c3, c4 = " << c4 << endl;
29 }
30 int main() {
31 test();
32 }
编译结果：
结论：
提供接口：构造函数、成员函数、友元函数
使用标注库模板类回事代码更加简洁、简单
任务四：
Fraction.h:
1 #pragma once
2 #include<string>
3
4 using std::string;
5 class Fraction {
6
7 public:
8 Fraction(int x,int y=1);
9 Fraction(const Fraction &f);
10 ~Fraction();
11
12 public:
13 int get_up() const;
14 int get_down() const;
15 Fraction negative();
16
17 Fraction simplify();
18
19
20 private:
21 int up;
22 int down;
23
24
25 private:
26 friend void output(const Fraction &f);
27 friend Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
28 friend Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
29 friend Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
30 friend Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2);
31
32 public:
33 static const string doc;
34 };
35
36 void output(const Fraction& f1);
37 Fraction add(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
38 Fraction sub(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
39 Fraction mul(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
40 Fraction div(const Fraction& f1, const Fraction& f2);
Fraction.cpp:
1 #include <iostream>
2 #include <string>
3 #include "Fraction.h"
4
5 using std::cout;
6 using std::endl;
7 using std::string;
8
9 const string Fraction::doc{
10 "Fraction类 v 0.01版. 目前仅支持分数对象的构造、输出、加/减/乘/除运算."
11 };
12
13 Fraction::Fraction(int x,int y):up{x},down{y}{}
14 Fraction::Fraction(const Fraction &f):up{f.up},down{f.down}{}
15 Fraction::~Fraction(){}
16
17
18 int Fraction::get_up() const{
19 return up;
20 }
21
22 int Fraction::get_down() const{
23 return down;
24 }
25
26 Fraction Fraction::negative() {
27 Fraction t = simplify();
28 return Fraction(-t.up,t.down);
29 }
30
31 Fraction Fraction::simplify()
32 {
33 int small, x, y, z;
34 if (up >= 0)
35 {
36 x = up;
37 if (down > 0)
38 {
39 y = down;
40 z = 1;
41 }
42 else
43 {
44 y = -down;
45 z = -1;
46 }
47 }
48 else
49 {
50 x = -up;
51 if (down > 0)
52 {
53 y = down;
54 z = -1;
55 }
56 else
57 {
58 y = -down;
59 z = 1;
60 }
61 }
62 if (x > y)
63 small = y;
64 else
65 small = x;
66 int i;
67 for (i = small; i >= 1; i--)
68 if (x % i == 0 && y % i == 0)
69 {
70 x = x / i;
71 y = y / i;
72 break;
73 }
74 if (z == 1)
75 return Fraction(x, y);
76 return Fraction(-x, y);
77 }
78
79 void output(const Fraction& f){
80 Fraction t = Fraction(f.up,f.down);
81 t = t.simplify();
82 if(t.down == 0) cout << "分母不能为0";
83 else {
84 if(t.up == 0)
85 cout << "0";
86 else if(t.up != 0 && t.down == 1)
87 cout << t.up;
88 else
89 cout << t.up << "/" << t.down;
90 cout << endl;
91 }
92 }
93 Fraction add(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2) {
94 int num = f1.up * f2.down + f2.up * f1.down;
95 int denom = f1.down * f2.down;
96 return Fraction(num, denom);
97 }
98 Fraction sub(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2) {
99 int num = f1.up * f2.down - f2.up * f1.down;
100 int denom = f1.down * f2.down;
101 return Fraction(num, denom);
102 }
103 Fraction mul(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2) {
104 return Fraction(f1.up*f2.up,f1.down*f2.down);
105
106 }
107 Fraction div(const Fraction &f1,const Fraction &f2) {
108 return Fraction(f1.up*f2.down,f1.down*f2.up);
109
110 }
task4.cpp
1 #include "Fraction.h"
2 #include <iostream>
3 using std::cout;
4 using std::endl;
5 void test1() {
6 cout << "Fraction类测试: " << endl;
7 cout << Fraction::doc << endl << endl;
8 Fraction f1(5);
9 Fraction f2(3, -4), f3(-18, 12);
10 Fraction f4(f3);
11 cout << "f1 = ";
12 output(f1);
13 cout << endl;
14 cout << "f2 = ";
15 output(f2);
16 cout << endl;
17 cout << "f3 = ";
18 output(f3);
19 cout << endl;
20 cout << "f4 = ";
21 output(f4);
22 cout << endl;
23 Fraction f5(f4.negative());
24 cout << "f5 = ";
25 output(f5);
26 cout << endl;
27 cout << "f5.get_up() = " << f5.get_up() << ", f5.get_down() = " <<
28 f5.get_down() << endl;
29 cout << "f1 + f2 = ";
30 output(add(f1, f2));
31 cout << endl;
32 cout << "f1 - f2 = ";
33 output(sub(f1, f2));
34 cout << endl;
35 cout << "f1 * f2 = ";
36 output(mul(f1, f2));
37 cout << endl;
38 cout << "f1 / f2 = ";
39 output(div(f1, f2));
40 cout << endl;
41 cout << "f4 + f5 = ";
42 output(add(f4, f5));
43 cout << endl;
44 }
45 void test2() {
46 Fraction f6(42, 55), f7(0, 3);
47 cout << "f6 = ";
48 output(f6);
49 cout << endl;
50 cout << "f7 = ";
51 output(f7);
52 cout << endl;
53 cout << "f6 / f7 = ";
54 output(div(f6, f7));
55 cout << endl;
56 }
57 int main() {
58 cout << "测试1: Fraction类基础功能测试\n";
59 test1();
60 cout << "\n测试2: 分母为0测试: \n";
61 test2();
62 }
编译结果：
任务五：
account.h
1 #pragma once
2 #ifndef ACCOUNT_H
3 #define ACCOUNT_H
4 class SavingsAccount {
5 private:
6 int id;
7 double balance;
8 double rate;
9 int lastDate;
10 double accumulation;
11 static double total;
12
13 void record(int date, double amount);
14 double accumulate(int date)const {
15 return accumulation + balance * (date - lastDate);
16 }
17
18
19 public:
20 SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate);
21 int getId()const {
22 return id;
23 }
24 double getBanlance()const {
25 return balance;
26 }
27 double getRate()const {
28 return rate;
29 }
30 static double getTotal() {
31 return total;
32 }
33 void deposit(int date, double amcount);
34 void withdraw(int date, double amount);
35 void settle(int date);
36 void show()const;
37 };
38 #endif
account.cpp
1 #include"account.h"
2 #include<cmath>
3 #include<iostream>
4 using namespace std;
5
6 double SavingsAccount::total = 0;
7
8 SavingsAccount::SavingsAccount(int date, int id, double rate):id(id), balance(0), rate(rate), lastDate(date), accumulation(0) {
9 cout << date << "\t#" << id << " is created" << endl;
10 }
11
12 void SavingsAccount::record(int date, double amount) {
13 accumulation = accumulate(date);
14 lastDate = date;
15 amount = floor(amount * 100 + 0.5) / 100;
16 balance += amount;
17 total += amount;
18 cout << date << "\t#" << id << "\t" << amount << "\t" << balance << endl;
19 }
20
21 void SavingsAccount::deposit(int date, double amount) {
22 record(date, amount);
23 }
24
25 void SavingsAccount::withdraw(int date, double amount) {
26 if (amount > getBanlance())
27 cout << "Error: not enough money" << endl;
28 else
29 record(date, -amount);
30 }
31
32 void SavingsAccount::settle(int date) {
33 double interest = accumulate(date) * rate / 365;
34 if (interest != 0)
35 record(date, interest);
36 accumulation = 0;
37 }
38
39 void SavingsAccount::show()const {
40 cout << "#" << id << "\tBalance:" << balance;
41 }
task5.cpp
1 #include"account.h"
2 #include<iostream>
3 using namespace std;
4 int main() {
5 SavingsAccount sa0(1, 21325302, 0.015);
6 SavingsAccount sa1(1, 58320212, 0.015);
7
8 sa0.deposit(5, 5000);
9 sa1.deposit(25, 10000);
10 sa0.deposit(45, 5500);
11 sa1.withdraw(60, 4000);
12
13 sa0.settle(90);
14 sa1.settle(90);
15
16 sa0.show(); cout << endl;
17 sa1.show(); cout << endl;
18 cout << "Total:" << SavingsAccount::getTotal() << endl;
19 return 0;
20 }
编译结果：
结论：
此程序未考虑到有输入变量为0的情况，
变量名称遵循驼峰命名法
实验总结：
1.利用多文件的方法来书写程序，程序的可读性更高，更为清楚简洁，有利于去实现一些要求较多的项目。同时这也需要在.h文件中明确自己需要的。
2.变量名不是越短越好，而是要清楚明了。
标签：const,int,double,Complex,实验,Fraction,include From： https://www.cnblogs.com/Bling888/p/18508631